Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Leishmania amazonensis antibodies in domestic dogs in the western Brazilian Amazon region

Amostras de sangue de 99 cães domiciliados foram coletadas no meio urbano (n = 33) e rural (n = 66) do município de Lábrea, estado do Amazonas, Brasil. Dentre as amostras rurais, 40 foram obtidas em comunidades ribeirinhas e 26 em comunidades indígenas, ambas ao longo do rio Purus. Durante a amostragem foi aplicado um questionário com informações sobre sexo, idade, viver em áreas secas ou alagadiças, acesso ou não às ruas (cães urbanos) e acesso à floresta. A presença de anticorpos contra Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Leishmania infantum chagasi e Leishmania amazonensis foi detectada pela reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI) com ponto de corte de, respectivamente, 16, 50, 40 e 40. Associação entre as variáveis qualitativas e a positividade para cada um dos parasitos foi avaliada pelo teste do χ2 (p < 0,05). A ocorrência de animais com anticorpos contra T. gondii, N. caninum e L. amazonensis foi de, respectivamente, 61,6%; 7,1% e 8,1%. Nenhuma amostra foi positiva para L. infantum chagasi. A variável viver em área urbana (p=0,041) apresentou associação com ocorrência de T. gondii e o número de cães positivos a T. gondii aumentou com a idade (p = 0,0006). A variável sexo (machos) apresentou associação com N. caninum (p = 0,018) e nenhuma variável apresentou associação com L. amazonensis. Os títulos de anticorpos contra T. gondii variaram de 64 a 32.768; contra N. caninum de 100 a 800 e contra L. amazonensis de 40 a 640. T. gondii e L. amazonensis são dois agentes de importantes zoonoses e encontram-se ativos na região. O município estudado, especialmente as comunidades ribeirinhas, possuem peculiaridades geográficas, sociais e ecológicas distintas e necessitam maior atenção das autoridades para o controle desses agentes.Blood samples from 99 domestic dogs were collected in the urban area (n = 33) and rural area (n = 66) of the municipality of Lábrea, state of Amazonas, Brazil. Among the rural samples, 40 were collected in riverine communities and 26 were collected in Indian communities, both along the Purus River. During the sampling, a questionnaire was applied to obtain information relating to sex, age, living in dryland or seasonally flooded areas, access to the streets (for urban dogs) and access to forests. The presence of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Leishmania infantum chagasi and Leishmania amazonensis was detected by means of the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) with cutoffs of 16, 50, 40 and 40, respectively. The association of each qualitative variable, with each parasite and positivity for each of them, were evaluated using the χ2 test (p < 0.05). T. gondii, N. caninum and L. amazonensis antibodies were found, respectively, in 61.6%, 7.1% and 8.1% of the animals examined. None of the samples were positive for L. infantum chagasi. The variable of living in an urban area (p = 0.041) presented an association with occurrence of T. gondii and the positivity for T. gondii increased with age of the dogs (p = 0.0006). The variable of male sex presented an association with N. caninum (p = 0.018) and no variable presented any association with L. amazonensis. The antibody titers against T. gondii ranged from 64 to 32,768; against N. caninum from 100 to 800; and against L. amazonensis from 40 to 640. Both T. gondii and L. amazonensis are important zoonotic agents and are active in this region. The municipality studied, and especially its riverine communities, has geographic, social and ecological peculiarities. This region requires greater attention from the authorities for controlling these agents

Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Leishmania amazonensis antibodies in domestic dogs in the western Brazilian Amazon region

Amostras de sangue de 99 cães domiciliados foram coletadas no meio urbano (n = 33) e rural (n = 66) do município de Lábrea, estado do Amazonas, Brasil. Dentre as amostras rurais, 40 foram obtidas em comunidades ribeirinhas e 26 em comunidades indígenas, ambas ao longo do rio Purus. Durante a amostragem foi aplicado um questionário com informações sobre sexo, idade, viver em áreas secas ou alagadiças, acesso ou não às ruas (cães urbanos) e acesso à floresta. A presença de anticorpos contra Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Leishmania infantum chagasi e Leishmania amazonensis foi detectada pela reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI) com ponto de corte de, respectivamente, 16, 50, 40 e 40. Associação entre as variáveis qualitativas e a positividade para cada um dos parasitos foi avaliada pelo teste do χ2 (p < 0,05). A ocorrência de animais com anticorpos contra T. gondii, N. caninum e L. amazonensis foi de, respectivamente, 61,6%; 7,1% e 8,1%. Nenhuma amostra foi positiva para L. infantum chagasi. A variável viver em área urbana (p=0,041) apresentou associação com ocorrência de T. gondii e o número de cães positivos a T. gondii aumentou com a idade (p = 0,0006). A variável sexo (machos) apresentou associação com N. caninum (p = 0,018) e nenhuma variável apresentou associação com L. amazonensis. Os títulos de anticorpos contra T. gondii variaram de 64 a 32.768; contra N. caninum de 100 a 800 e contra L. amazonensis de 40 a 640. T. gondii e L. amazonensis são dois agentes de importantes zoonoses e encontram-se ativos na região. O município estudado, especialmente as comunidades ribeirinhas, possuem peculiaridades geográficas, sociais e ecológicas distintas e necessitam maior atenção das autoridades para o controle desses agentes.Blood samples from 99 domestic dogs were collected in the urban area (n = 33) and rural area (n = 66) of the municipality of Lábrea, state of Amazonas, Brazil. Among the rural samples, 40 were collected in riverine communities and 26 were collected in Indian communities, both along the Purus River. During the sampling, a questionnaire was applied to obtain information relating to sex, age, living in dryland or seasonally flooded areas, access to the streets (for urban dogs) and access to forests. The presence of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Leishmania infantum chagasi and Leishmania amazonensis was detected by means of the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) with cutoffs of 16, 50, 40 and 40, respectively. The association of each qualitative variable, with each parasite and positivity for each of them, were evaluated using the χ2 test (p < 0.05). T. gondii, N. caninum and L. amazonensis antibodies were found, respectively, in 61.6%, 7.1% and 8.1% of the animals examined. None of the samples were positive for L. infantum chagasi. The variable of living in an urban area (p = 0.041) presented an association with occurrence of T. gondii and the positivity for T. gondii increased with age of the dogs (p = 0.0006). The variable of male sex presented an association with N. caninum (p = 0.018) and no variable presented any association with L. amazonensis. The antibody titers against T. gondii ranged from 64 to 32,768; against N. caninum from 100 to 800; and against L. amazonensis from 40 to 640. Both T. gondii and L. amazonensis are important zoonotic agents and are active in this region. The municipality studied, and especially its riverine communities, has geographic, social and ecological peculiarities. This region requires greater attention from the authorities for controlling these agents

Temperature changes on the root surfaces of mandibular incisors after an 810-nm high-intensity intracanal diode laser irradiation

Temperature changes caused by laser irradiation can promote damage to the surrounding dental tissues. In this study, we evaluated the temperature changes of recently extracted human mandibular incisors during intracanal irradiation with an 810-nm diode laser at different settings. Fifty mandibular incisors were enlarged up to an apical size of ISO No. 40 file. After the final rinse with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 0.2% lauryl sodium sulfate biologic detergent, and sterile water, samples were irradiated with circular movements from apex to crown through five different settings of output power (1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 W) in continuous mode. The temperature changes were measured on both sides of the apical and middle root thirds using two thermopar devices. A temperature increase of 7 degrees C was considered acceptable as a safe threshold when applying the diode laser. Results: The results showed that only 3.5-W output power increased the outer surface temperature above the critical value. Conclusion: The recommended output power can be stipulated as equal to or less than 3 W to avoid overheating during diode laser irradiation on thin dentin walls. (c) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.JBO.17.1.015006

O impacto das variações macroeconômicas no segmento de papel e celulose: um estudo das empresas listadas na B3 / The impact of macroeconomic variations on the paper and cellulose segment: a study of the companies listed in B3

As mudanças macroeconômicas, principalmente em períodos de crise, acabam afetando as operações das empresas. Afim de analisar esse fenômeno, esta pesquisa procurou analisar o impacto da crise, através das variáveis macroeconômicas (PIB, Taxa SELIC TR e Inflação IPCA), referentes aos indicadores financeiros (Margem EBITDA, ROE e ROA) das empresas do segmento de papel e celulose que negociam seus papéis na bolsa de valores Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão (B3), no período de 2010 a 2017. A escolha do setor foi incentivada pelo seu crescente desenvolvimento do e sua geração de emprego e renda no cenário econômico nacional. Há hipótese que norteia  este estudo é: as variáveis macroeconômicas impactam nos indicadores financeiros. Desse modo, realizou-se uma pesquisa quantitativa, explicativa e com análise documental. Para alcançar os objetivos deste estudos, utilizou-se da técnica estatística de Dados em Painel com o auxílio do software Stata. Compôs a amostra 6 empresas listadas na B3, do segmento de papel e celulose. Os resultados mostram que da forma que o aumento na Inflação IPCA o indicador ROA diminui, e a cada aumento da Taxa SELIC TR reflete de maneira positiva no ROA, já em relação a Margem Ebtida a cada aumento no PIB a o indicador financeiro aumenta. Em relação ao ROE, o mesmo não sofreu impacto pelas variáveis macroeconômicas elencadas nesta pesquisa. Assim a presente pesquisa não rejeita a hipótese elencada.

A Fast Alkaline Treatment For Cadmium Determination In Meat Samples

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)This study proposes a simple and fast sample treatment to determine cadmium levels in meat samples (edible offal) of several animal species by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, GF AAS, as an alternative to the calcination method, currently employed by Official Food Control department of the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Food Supply (MAPA). In the proposed method minimum meat sample amount (0.5000 g) was previously hydrated and treated using 0.50 mL of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), which provides stable and homogeneous slurry at room temperature in less than 10 min. For the optimization of the sample treatment parameters, fractional and factorial designs were employed. The accuracy of the method was evaluated using reference material, with recovery of 100 +/- 7% (n = 7), and limit of quantification of 3.0 mu g kg(-1), for Cd determination. Applying the proposed method, the meat samples amount used to determine the cadmium concentration was reduced by 20-fold compared to the sample amount required for the calcination conventional method. In fact, the sample preparation time was also reduced by 500-fold in the proposed method compared to the calcination method, which was very favorable for a routine laboratory analysis. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.59447453Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Food Supply (MAPA)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)CNPq [573894/2008-6]FAPESP [2008/57808-1

"Make sure DSA signing exponentiations really are constant-time"

TLS and SSH are two of the most commonly used protocols for securing Internet traffic. Many of the implementations of these protocols rely on the cryptographic primitives provided in the OpenSSL library. In this work we disclose a vulnerability in OpenSSL, affecting all versions and forks (e.g. LibreSSL and BoringSSL) since roughly October 2005, which renders the implementation of the DSA signature scheme vulnerable to cache-based side-channel attacks. Exploiting the software defect, we demonstrate the first published cache-based key-recovery attack on these protocols: 260 SSH-2 handshakes to extract a 1024/160-bit DSA host key from an OpenSSH server, and 580 TLS 1.2 handshakes to extract a 2048/256-bit DSA key from an stunnel server.Peer reviewe

Effect of a Single Application of TiF(4) and NaF Varnishes and Solutions Combined with Nd:YAG Laser Irradiation on Enamel Erosion in Vitro

Objective: This in vitro study aimed to analyze the influence of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser irradiation on the efficacy of titanium tetrafluoride (TiF(4)) and sodium fluoride (NaF) varnishes and solutions to protect enamel against erosion. Background data: The effect of Nd:YAG laser irradiation on NaF and AmF was analyzed; however, there is no available data on the interaction between Nd:YAG laser irradiation and TiF(4). Methods: Bovine enamel specimens were pre-treated with NaF varnish, TiF(4) varnish, NaF solution, TiF(4) solution, placebo varnish, Nd:YAG (84.9 J/cm(2)), Nd:YAG prior to or through NaF varnish, Nd:YAG prior to or through TiF(4) varnish, Nd:YAG prior to or through NaF solution, Nd:YAG prior to or through TiF(4) solution, and Nd:YAG prior to or through placebo varnish. Controls remained untreated. Ten specimens in each group were then subjected to an erosive demineralization (Sprite Zero, 4x90 s/day) and remineralization (artificial saliva, between the erosive cycles) cycling for 5 days. Enamel loss was measured profilometrically (mu m). Additionally, treated but non-eroded specimens were additionally analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) (each group n-2). The data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test (p < 0.05). Results: Only TiF(4) varnish (1.8 +/- 0.6 mu m), laser prior to TiF(4) varnish (1.7 +/- 0.3 mu m) and laser prior to TiF(4) solution (1.4 +/- 0.3 mu m) significantly reduced enamel erosion compared to the control (4.1 +/- 0.6 mu m). SEM pictures showed that specimens treated with TiF(4) varnish presented a surface coating. Conclusions: Nd:YAG laser irradiation was not effective against enamel erosion and it did not have any influence on the efficacy of F, except for TiF(4) solution. On the other hand, TiF(4) varnish protected against enamel erosion, without the influence of laser irradiation.LELO-USP (Special Laboratory of Lasers in Dentistry-University of Sao Paulo), Sao Paulo, Brazil[FAPESP 2007/55497-0]Edimauro de AndradePIBIC-CNPq (The National Council for Scientific and Technological Development

Prevalencia de Enfermedades Respiratorias y Comportamiento Epidemiológico de COVID-19 en Pacientes del Centro de Salud “Centro Histórico”, Período Marzo-Mayo 2020

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of respiratory diseases and the epidemiological behavior of Covid-19 in patients of "Centro Histórico" Health Center, March-May 2020 period. The registry of 1836 patients with respiratory symptoms were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed with measures of central tendency, and absolute and relative frequencies. The results indicated that the prevalent age range was 18 to 40 years with 707 (38.5%) cases. Upper respiratory diseases were the most prevalent with 1617 (88.1%) cases. We found 91 (4,9%) cases of Covid-19, unidentified virus, 36 (39,5%) of them were 60 years or older. There were 48 (2.6%) patients under follow-up for suspected Covid-19, their most frequent symptoms were cough (60.4%) and fever (37.5%); and, arterial hypertension with 4 (33.3%) cases, was the most prevalent comorbidity. More studies are required at the first level of care.El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de enfermedades respiratorias y el comportamiento epidemiológico de Covid -19 en pacientes del Centro de Salud “Centro Histórico”, período marzo-mayo 2020. Se analizó los registros de 1836 pacientes con sintomatología respiratoria. El análisis estadístico se realizó con medidas de tendencia central, y frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Los resultados indicaron que el rango de edad prevalente fue de 18 a 40 años con 707 (38,5%) casos. Las enfermedades de vías respiratorias superiores fueron prevalentes con 1617 (88,1%) casos. Se encontró 91 (4,9%) casos de Covid -19, virus no identificado, 36 (39,5%) de ellos de 60 años o más. Fueron 48 (2,6%) pacientes bajo seguimiento por sospecha de Covid-19, sus síntomas más frecuentes fueron tos (60,4%) y fiebre (37,5%); y, la hipertensión arterial con 4 (33.3%) casos, fue la comorbilidad más prevalente. Se requiere de más estudios en el primer nivel de atención

Boletim OVIR, vol.1, n. 0, jun. 2022

O boletim OVIR tem como objetivo divulgar textos que tratem a respeito do complexo e multifacetado fenômeno da violência racial praticada por agentes institucionais.Editorial - Observatório da Violência Racial - OVIR, 2 / Palavras iniciais do OVIR sobre o genocídio negro, 6 / Resgate histórico do funk em São Paulo e sua criminalização através da “Operação Pancadão”, 14 / Nós, os Africanos, 26 / II Caminhada do Silêncio, 33 / Uma data - 13 de maio: dia nacional da denúncia contra o racismo, 41 / Memorial - Espaço dedicado à memória de vítimas de violência racial, 43 / Créditos, 4

Knowledge of adolescents regarding sexually transmitted infections and pregnancy

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the knowledge of adolescents related to sexually transmitted infections (STIs), AIDS, and pregnancy, and understand the role of school in sex education. Method: A qualitative descriptive study, developed through a semi-structured interview and a form for participant characterization, with 22 high school students from a public school aged 16 to 19 years. Data were submitted to content analysis. Results: After analysis, four thematic categories were developed: sexuality and sex education; understanding of risk behaviors; knowledge of STI/AIDS; and knowledge of and practices for prevention. Final considerations: This study showed the need for preventive educational actions for adolescents, because the lack of information contributes to their vulnerability. The adolescents recognize the importance of sex education; therefore it is important to implement strategies to promote and protect health in the school environment to encourage and strengthen self-care in health