Iron and Neurodegeneration: From Cellular Homeostasis to Disease

Accumulation of iron (Fe) is often detected in the brains of people suffering from neurodegenerative diseases. High Fe concentrations have been consistently observed in Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's diseases; however, it is not clear whether this Fe contributes to the progression of these diseases. Other conditions, such as Friedreich's ataxia or neuroferritinopathy are associated with genetic factors that cause Fe misregulation. Consequently, excessive intracellular Fe increases oxidative stress, which leads to neuronal dysfunction and death. The characterization of the mechanisms involved in the misregulation of Fe in the brain is crucial to understand the pathology of the neurodegenerative disorders and develop new therapeutic strategies. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as the best understood eukaryotic organism, has already begun to play a role in the neurological disorders; thus it could perhaps become a valuable tool also to study the metalloneurobiology

First record of the occurrence of Partamona ailyae Camargo (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Atlantic Forest

This is the first record of the stingless bee Partamona ailyae Camargo, 1980 in an area of the Atlantic Forest in Brazil. The morphological identification and COI and 12S sequences indicated that the samples collected in the Atlantic Forest and other areas of the range of distribution belong to the same biological species. The data revealed low intraspecific variation and high interspecific divergence, with no overlap of the taxa compared

Estímulo sobre a germinação e desenvolvimento inicial de milho cultivar AS 1820 com bioestimulante Stimullum®

The present study aimed to evaluate the stimulus on germination and initial development via application of doses of the biostimulant Stimullum® in seeds in hybrid AS 1820 corn in the Cerrado of the State of Goiás, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in pots, in a greenhouse in Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil, in the year 2022. The design used was completely randomized, in a factorial scheme with 5 doses and 4 replications. The application of Stimullum® biostimulant dosages was performed one hour before sowing (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 mL ha-1, 60,000 seeds-1). Germination, plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, root length, fresh and dry aerial mass, fresh and dry root mass, and chlorophyll a and b indices were evaluated. The biostimulant Stimullum® did not influence germination, shoot length, leaf number, leaf width, shoot fresh mass, shoot and root dry mass and chlorophyll content. However, the application of Stimullum® at a dose of 200 mL ha-1 showed significant increases in leaf length, leaf area, root length and root fresh matter at the beginning of the development of AS 1820 hybrid corn.El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el estímulo en la germinación y desarrollo inicial mediante la aplicación de dosis del bioestimulante Stimullum® en semillas de maíz híbrido AS 1820 en el Cerrado del Estado de Goiás, Brasil. El experimento se realizó en macetas, en un invernadero en Rio Verde, Goiás, Brasil, en el año 2022. El diseño utilizado fue completamente al azar, en esquema factorial con 5 dosis y 4 repeticiones. La aplicación de las dosis del bioestimulante Stimullum® se realizó una hora antes de la siembra (0, 100, 200, 300. 400 mL ha-1, 60.000 semillas-1). Se evaluó la germinación, la altura de la planta, el número de hojas, la longitud de la hoja, el ancho de la hoja, el área foliar, la longitud de la raíz, la masa aérea fresca y seca, la masa de raíces fresca y seca, y los índices de clorofila a y b. El bioestimulante Stimullum® no influyó en la germinación, la longitud de los brotes, el número de hojas, el ancho de las hojas, la masa fresca de los brotes, la masa seca de los brotes y las raíces y el contenido de clorofila. Sin embargo, la aplicación de Stimullum® a la dosis de 200 mL ha-1 mostró incrementos significativos en la longitud de la hoja, área foliar, longitud de la raíz y materia fresca de la raíz al inicio del desarrollo del maíz híbrido AS 1820.O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o estímulo sobre a germinação e desenvolvimento inicial via aplicação em sementes de doses do bioestimulante Stimullum® em milho híbrido AS 1820 no Cerrado do Estado de Goiás, Brasil. O experimento foi conduzido em vasos, em casa de vegetação em Rio Verde, Goiás, Brasil, no ano de 2022. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5 doses e 4 repetições. A aplicação das dosagens de bioestimulante Stimullum® foi realizado hora antes da semeadura (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 mL ha-1, 60.000 sementes-1). Foram avaliados germinação, altura de planta, número de folhas, comprimento de folhas, largura de folhas, área foliar, comprimento de raiz, massa fresca e seca aérea, massa fresca e seca raiz, e os índices de clorofilas a e b. O bioestimulante Stimullum®, não influenciou na germinação, comprimento da parte aérea, número de folhas, largura foliar, massa fresca da parte aérea e massa seca aérea e de raízes e teores de clorofila. No entanto a aplicação do Stimullum® na dose 200 mL ha-1 demonstrou aumentos significativos sobre o comprimento foliar, área foliar, comprimento da raiz e matéria fresca da raiz no início do desenvolvimento de milho AS 1820 híbrido

The Role of the Yap5 Transcription Factor in Remodeling Gene Expression in Response to Fe Bioavailability

The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has developed several mechanisms to avoid either the drastic consequences of iron deprivation or the toxic effects of iron excess. In this work, we analysed the global gene expression changes occurring in yeast cells undergoing iron overload. Several genes directly or indirectly involved in iron homeostasis showed altered expression and the relevance of these changes are discussed. Microarray analyses were also performed to identify new targets of the iron responsive factor Yap5. Besides the iron vacuolar transporter CCC1, Yap5 also controls the expression of glutaredoxin GRX4, previously known to be involved in the regulation of Aft1 nuclear localization. Consistently, we show that in the absence of Yap5 Aft1 nuclear exclusion is slightly impaired. These studies provide further evidence that cells control iron homeostasis by using multiple pathways

Pharmacological therapies for patients with human coronavirus infections : a rapid systematic review

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar efeitos de tratamentos medicamentosos para infecções por coronavírus. Revisão sistemática rápida com buscas nas bases MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, BVS, Global Index Medicus, Medrix, bioRxiv, Clinicaltrials.gov e International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Foram incluídos 36 estudos avaliando alternativas medicamentosas contra SARS, SARS-CoV-2 e MERS. A maioria dos estudos incluídos foi conduzida na China com delineamento observacional para tratamento da COVID-19. Os tratamentos mais estudados foram antimaláricos e antivirais. Nos antimaláricos, a metanálise de dois estudos com 180 participantes não identificou benefício da hidroxicloroquina em relação à negativação da carga viral via reação em cadeia de polimerase em tempo real e o uso de antivirais comparado ao cuidado padrão foi similar em relação aos desfechos. As evidências científicas disponíveis são preliminares e de baixa qualidade metodológica, o que sugere cautela na interpretação dos dados. Pesquisas que avaliem a eficácia comparativa em ensaios clínicos randomizados, controlados, com tempo de acompanhamento adequado e com os métodos devidamente divulgados e sujeitos à revisão científica por pares são necessárias. Recomenda-se atualização periódica da presente revisão.This work aimed to evaluate the effects of drug therapies for coronavirus infections. Rapid systematic review with search in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, BVS, Global Index Medicus, Medrix, bioRxiv, Clinicaltrials.gov and International Clinical Trials Registry Platform databases. Thirty-six studies evaluating alternative drugs against SARS, SARS-CoV-2 and MERS were included. Most of the included studies were conducted in China with an observational design for the treatment of COVID-19. The most studied treatments were with antimalarials and antivirals. In antimalarial, the meta-analysis of two studies with 180 participants did not identify the benefit of hydroxychloroquine concerning the negative viral load via real-time polymerase chain reaction, and the use of antivirals compared to standard care was similar regarding outcomes. The available scientific evidence is preliminary and of low methodological quality, which suggests caution when interpreting its results. Research that evaluates comparative efficacy in randomized, controlled clinical trials, with adequate follow-up time and with the methods properly disclosed and subject to scientific peer review is required. A periodic update of this review is recommended

Relato de caso de hidradenocarcinoma nodular

Relato de caso de hidradenocarcinoma nodular, neoplasia rara e pouco descrita na literatura, em paciente masculino, 78 anos, branco, procedente de área rural, atendido no SUS em julho de 2013, em Belém, Pará, Brasil. Foi observada lesão eritematonodular, com três meses de evolução, infiltrada, exulcerada, pouco dolorosa e sangrante, com 1 cm de diâmetro, na asa direita nasal, além de telangiectasias ao redor. A impressão diagnóstica foi carcinoma basocelular. A histopatologia identificou hidradenoma nodular maligno, confirmada pela imuno-histoquímica. A relevância deste relato é devida a raridade da doença e a falta de protocolo para tratamento específico da mesma.Case report of nodular hidradenocarcinoma, a rare neoplasm very little described in the literature, in male patient, 78 years old, caucasian, from a rural area, attended by SUS in july of 2013, Belém, Pará, Brazil. It was observed erythematododular lesion, with three months of evolution, infiltrated, exulcerated, slightly painful and bleeding, with 1 cm of diameter, in the right nasal wing, as well as telangiectasias around. The diagnostic impression was basal cell carcinoma. The histopathology identified malignant nodular hidradenoma, that was confirmed by immune-histochemistry. The relevance of this report is due to the rarity of the disease and the absence of protocol for specific treatment

Patrimônio e desenvolvimento: as políticas de patrimônio cultural nos anos 1960

This article aims at analyzing aspects of 1960s Brazilian cultural heritage policies, highlighting changes related to the articulation of concepts such as development, culture and heritage within the Directory of National Historical and Artistic Heritage - DPHAN, today Institute of National Historical and Artistic Heritage (IPHAN). It discusses the effects of industrialization, urban growth and development improvement measures on heritage concepts and policies, analyzing initiatives that focus on preserving cultural assets acknowledged as national historical and artistic heritage and enhancing their economical potential. The discussion emphasizes notions and understandings on heritage and preservation that had substantial bearing on preservation measures carried on by DPHAN from the 1960s on regarding the identification, valorization and protection of cultural heritage, as well as the disciplinary and institutional debates this Directory proposed.O objetivo deste artigo é analisar especificidades dos anos 1960 no que diz respeito às políticas de patrimônio, destacando algumas mudanças de entendimentos, noções e propostas, notadamente referentes às relações entre desenvolvimento, cultura e patrimônio trabalhadas pelo Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional, então Diretoria do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (DPHAN). Para tanto, vai-se partir das discussões e debates desse momento acerca dos efeitos da industrialização, do crescimento urbano e das políticas desenvolvimentistas sobre as políticas de patrimônio a partir dessa década, analisando as iniciativas voltadas à patrimonialização de bens culturais, à preservação do acervo que compunha o patrimônio histórico e artístico nacional e ao fomento de suas potencialidades econômicas. Na discussão proposta neste artigo, priorizar-se-ão os entendimentos e ações de preservação da DPHAN relacionados a identificação, valoração e proteção dos bens culturais, assim como os diálogos disciplinares e institucionais que a diretoria procurou estabelecer

Health-related quality of life in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the different geographical regions of Brazil : data from the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group

Background: In type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) management, enhancing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is as important as good metabolic control and prevention of secondary complications. This study aims to evaluate possible regional differences in HRQoL, demographic features and clinical characteristics of patients with T1DM in Brazil, a country of continental proportions, as well as investigate which variables could influence the HRQoL of these individuals and contribute to these regional disparities. Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study performed by the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group (BrazDiab1SG), by analyzing EuroQol scores from 3005 participants with T1DM, in 28 public clinics, among all geographical regions of Brazil. Data on demography, economic status, chronic complications, glycemic control and lipid profile were also collected. Results: We have found that the North-Northeast region presents a higher index in the assessment of the overall health status (EQ-VAS) compared to the Southeast (74.6 ± 30 and 70.4 ± 19, respectively; p < 0.05). In addition, North- Northeast presented a lower frequency of self-reported anxiety-depression compared to all regions of the country (North-Northeast: 1.53 ± 0.6; Southeast: 1.65 ± 0.7; South: 1.72 ± 0.7; Midwest: 1.67 ± 0.7; p < 0.05). These findings could not be entirely explained by the HbA1c levels or the other variables examined. Conclusions: Our study points to the existence of additional factors not yet evaluated that could be determinant in the HRQoL of people with T1DM and contribute to these regional disparities