Analyzing the Spectral Energy Cascade in Turbulent Channel Flow

An analysis of the spectral turbulent kinetic energy budget in a fully developed turbulent plane channel flow is performed. Direct numerical simulation data are evaluated at friction Reynolds numbers Reτ of 180 and 1000. The analysis is focused on the influence of the Reynolds number on the spectral cascade of energy and the corresponding energy cascade in physical space in the presence of inhomogeneity and anisotropy. The turbulent kinetic energy distribution is compared for both Reynolds numbers, and the relevant characteristics of the energy transfer process in a wall-bounded turbulent flow are described. Differences in energy cascade are noted between the Reynolds number at both low and high wavenumbers. The results of the analysis are further assessed with a comparison to an earlier study of spectral energy transfer at Reτ= 180

Reserva cognitiva no idoso: aspectos neuropsicológicos e o papel da educação nas últimas descobertas

A população idosa está crescendo mundialmente e, portanto, declínio cognitivo e demência são um grande problema para o sistema de saúde. Contudo, muito idosos não desenvolvem demência ou algum prejuízo cognitivo significativo, mesmo que apresentem lesões cerebrais, como atrofia e/ou lesões corticais, levando ao conceito de Reserva Cogntiva (RC). O principal objetivo dessa revisão é estabelecer as descobertas recentes da RC na cognição dos idosos e explorar alguns dos marcadores cognitivos relacionados à RC. Com o intuito de conseguirmos nosso objetivo, nós realizamos uma pesquisa por artigos publicados tanto em língua inglesa quanto portuguesa, nos últimos 5 anos, na base de dados Medline usando como palavras chave: reserve cognitiva, idoso e envelhecimento. Nós filtramos 14 estudos que abordavam especificamente aspectos neuropsicológicos (p.e, memória, atenção, orientação, função executiva) e os revisamos em detalhes. Baseados nesses artigos em relação a idosos, educação parece ter várias implicações na RC por fortalecer habilidades cognitivas, contudo não parece impactar no declínio cognitivo. Além disso, notamos que performance cognitiva é uma das formas de se medir RC, embora os métodos não possam ser padronizados, o que pode ser a causa de conclusões diversas. Em relação à RC, educação foi a medida mais prevalente e RC parece ter um efeito benéfico em função executiva e memória episódica, de forma que parece agir através tanto da reserva neural quanto da compensação neural. Exposição a textos impressos parece ser uma variável em potencial relacionada com a performance cognitiva e RC.The elderly population is growing worldwide, and therefore cognitive decline and dementia is a major problem for healthcare system. However, many elders do not develop dementia or significant cognitive impairment even though present brain lesions, such as cortical atrophy and/or lesions, leading to the concept of Cognitive Reserve (CR). The main objective of this review is to establish the recent findings of CR in elderly cognition and explore some of the cognitive markers related to CR. In order to accomplish that we carried out a search for papers published either in English or Portuguese language in the last 5 years in the Medline database using as keywords cognitive reserve, elderly and aging/ageing. We filtered 14 studies that specifically approached the neuropsychological aspects (e.g, memory, attention, orientation, executive function) and reviewed them in detail. Based on these papers regarding old-aged individuals, education appears to have several implications on CR by strengthening cognitive abilities, however does not appear to impact on cognitive decline. Besides, we realized that cognitive performance is one of the form to measure CR, even though the methods cannot be standardized, which may be the cause of some varied conclusions. Regarding CR, education was the most prevalent measure, and CR seems to have a beneficial effect on executive function and episodic memory and it seems to act by both neural reserve and neural compensation. Print exposure appears as a potential variable positively related to cognitive performance and CR

Genetic Aspects Of Athletic Performance: The African Runners Phenomenon.

The current dominance of African runners in long-distance running is an intriguing phenomenon that highlights the close relationship between genetics and physical performance. Many factors in the interesting interaction between genotype and phenotype (eg, high cardiorespiratory fitness, higher hemoglobin concentration, good metabolic efficiency, muscle fiber composition, enzyme profile, diet, altitude training, and psychological aspects) have been proposed in the attempt to explain the extraordinary success of these runners. Increasing evidence shows that genetics may be a determining factor in physical and athletic performance. But, could this also be true for African long-distance runners? Based on this question, this brief review proposed the role of genetic factors (mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid, the Y chromosome, and the angiotensin-converting enzyme and the alpha-actinin-3 genes) in the amazing athletic performance observed in African runners, especially the Kenyans and Ethiopians, despite their environmental constraints.5123-

Eight steps’ paradigm shift in men’s 110 metres hurdles: an 89 years retrospective study

Men’s 110 metres hurdles is one of the oldest disciplines in the Olympic Games and yet scarce anecdotal reports are found to pinpoint technical elements indicators of success. The approach technique to the hurdles has been raised by coaches as a potential element of success however it seems that the approach strategies undertaken to the first hurdle have not been investigated to the current date. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the employment of the seven and eight steps strategy until the first hurdle in the 110 m discipline among the Olympic Games and World Championships in Athletics’ finalists. Public domain videos of the events in the period between 1924 and 2013 were assessed. An international level sprint and hurdles’ coach, using the Dartfish software, assessed the number of steps taken until the first hurdle. A left-tailed one sample sign test showed that although the seven steps strategy adoption seems to have begun in 1960 it was only in 2011 that it was considered a dominant tactic. Due to determination of factors that influence the choice of strategy or their respective influence on performance falling outside the scope of this study, future research is needed in this area. Notwithstanding, the success by the hurdlers that adopt the seven steps strategy, evidenced by the number of medals won, allowed to pinpoint the approach strategy to the first hurdle as a potential performance variable to be investigated

Localization of ectopic and supernumerary parathyroid glands in patients with secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism: surgical description and correlation with preoperative ultrasonography and Tc99m-Sestamibi scintigraphy

Introduction:Hyperparathyroidism is an expected metabolic consequence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Ectopic and/or supernumerary parathyroid glands (PT) may be the cause of surgical failure in patients undergoing total parathyroidectomy (PTX).Aim:To define the locations of ectopic and supernumerary PT in patients with renal hyperparathyroidism and to correlate intraoperative findings with preoperative tests.Materials and methods:A retrospective study was conducted with 166 patients submitted to PTX. The location of PT during surgery was recorded and classified as eutopic or ectopic. The preoperative localizations of PT found by ultrasonography (USG) and Tc99m-Sestamibi scintigraphy (MIBI) were subsequently compared with intraoperative findings.Results:In the 166 patients studied, 664 PT were found. Five-hundred-seventy-seven (86.4%) glands were classified as eutopic and 91(13.6%) as ectopic. Eight supernumerary PT were found. The most common sites of ectopic PT were in the retroesophageal and thymic regions. Taken together, USG and MIBI did not identify 56 (61.5%) ectopic glands. MIBI was positive for 69,7% of all ectopic glands located in the mediastinal and thymic regions.Conclusion:The presence of ectopic and supernumerary PT in patients with renal hyperparathyroidism is significant. Although preoperative imaging tests did not locate most of ectopic glands, MIBI may be important for identifying ectopic PT in the mediastinal and thymic regions.Introdução:O hiperparatireoidismo é uma consequência metabólica esperada na doença renal crônica (DRC). Paratireoides (PT) ectópicas e/ou supranumerárias podem ser causa de falha cirúrgica nos pacientes submetidos à paratireoidectomia total (PTX).Objetivo:Definir cirurgicamente a localização das PT, em pacientes com hiperparatireoidismo associado à DRC, e correlacionar esses achados com os exames pré-operatórios.Materiais e métodos:Foi conduzido um estudo retrospectivo com 166 pacientes submetidos à PTX. A localização das PT no intraoperatório foi registrada, sendo classificada como tópica ou ectópica. A localização pré-operatória, definida pela ultrassonografia (USG) e pela cintilografia Tc99m-Sestamibi (MIBI), foi comparada com aos achados cirúrgicos.Resultados:Nos 166 pacientes, foram identificadas 664 PT. Foram classificadas como tópicas e ectópicas 577 (86,4%) e 91(13,6%) glândulas, respectivamente. Oito PT supranumerárias foram encontradas (7 tópicas e 1 ectópica). As localizações mais comuns de PT ectópicas foram as regiões retroesofágica e tímica. Associadas, a USG e a MIBI não identificaram 56 glândulas (61,5%) ectópicas. Entretanto, a MIBI foi positiva para 69,7% daquelas localizadas nas regiões tímicas e mediastinal.Conclusão:A presença de glândulas ectópicas e supranumerárias em pacientes com hiperparatireoidismo associado à DRC é significativa. Os exames de imagem pré-operatórios não localizaram a maioria das glândulas ectópicas. A MIBI pode ter importância na identificação de PT nas regiões tímica e mediastinal.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeca e PescocoUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de NefrologiaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de Endocrinologia ClinicaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeca e PescocoUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de NefrologiaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de Endocrinologia ClinicaSciEL

Manual de compliance notarial & registral: para implementação do provimento 88 do CNJ

- Divulgação dos SUMÁRIOS das obras recentemente incorporadas ao acervo da Biblioteca Ministro Oscar Saraiva do STJ. Em respeito à Lei de Direitos Autorais, não disponibilizamos a obra na íntegra.- Localização na estante: 343.352:347.961(81) A553

a living systematic review

Background: Hamstrings injuries are common in sports and the reinjury risk is high. Despite the extensive literature on hamstrings injuries, the efectiveness of the diferent conservative (i.e., non-surgical) interventions (i.e., modalities and doses) for the rehabilitation of athletes with acute hamstrings injuries is unclear. Objective: We aimed to compare the efects of diferent conservative interventions in time to return to sport (TRTS) and/or time to return to full training (TRFT) and reinjury-related outcomes after acute hamstrings injuries in athletes. Data Sources: We searched CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases up to 1 January, 2022, complemented with manual searches, prospective citation tracking, and consultation of external experts. Eligibility Criteria: the eligibility criteria were multi-arm studies (randomized and non-randomized) that compared conservative treatments of acute hamstrings injuries in athletes. Data Analysis: We summarized the characteristics of included studies and conservative interventions and analyzed data for main outcomes (TRTS, TRFT, and rate of reinjuries). The risk of bias was judged using the Cochrane tools. Quality and completeness of reporting of therapeutic exercise programs were appraised with the i-CONTENT tool and the certainty of evidence was judged using the GRADE framework. TRTS and TRFT were analyzed using mean diferences and the risk of reinjury with relative risks. Results Fourteen studies (12 randomized and two non-randomized) comprising 730 athletes (mostly men with ages between 14 and 49 years) from diferent sports were included. Nine randomized studies were judged at high risk and three at low risk of bias, and the two non-randomized studies were judged at critical risk of bias. Seven randomized studies compared exercise-based interventions (e.g., L-protocol vs C-protocol), one randomized study compared the use of low-level laser therapy, and three randomized and two non-randomized studies compared injections of platelet-rich plasma to placebo or no injection. These low-level laser therapy and platelet-rich plasma studies complemented their interventions with an exercise program. Only three studies were judged at low overall risk of inefectiveness (i-CONTENT). No single intervention or combination of interventions proved superior in achieving a faster TRTS/TRFT or reducing the risk of reinjury. Only eccentric lengthening exercises showed limited evidence in allowing a shorter TRFT. The platelet-rich plasma treatment did not consistently reduce the TRFT or have any efect on the risk of new hamstrings injuries. The certainty of evidence was very low for all outcomes and comparisons. Conclusions: Available evidence precludes the prioritization of a particular exercise-based intervention for athletes with acute hamstrings injuries, as diferent exercise-based interventions showed comparable efects on TRTS/TRFT and the risk of reinjuries. Available evidence also does not support the use of platelet-rich plasma or low-level laser therapy in clinical practice. The currently available literature is limited because of the risk of bias, risk of inefectiveness of exercise protocols (as assessed with the i-CONTENT), and the lack of comparability across existing studies. Clinical Trial Registration PROSPERO CRD42021268499 and OSF (https://osf.io/3k4u2/).9513-E3E4-C5C9 | Sílvia Fernanda Rocha RodriguesN/

Changes in albumin-to-creatinine ratio at 12-month follow-up in patients undergoing renal denervation

Introduction: Sympathetic renal denervation (RDN) was developed as a treatment for the management of patients with resistant hypertension. This procedure may have a positive impact on hypertension-related target organ damage, particularly renal disease, but the evidence is still limited. Objective: To assess the impact of RDN on the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) at 12-month follow-up. Methods and Results: From a single-center prospective registry including 65 patients with resistant hypertension undergoing renal denervation, 31 patients with complete baseline and 12-month follow-up blood pressure (BP) measurements (both office and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring [ABPM]) and ACR were included in the present study. Mean age was 65±7 years, 52% were female, most (90%) had been diagnosed with hypertension for more than 10 years, 71% had type 2 diabetes and 33% had vascular disease in at least one territory. Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was 73.6±25.1 ml/min/1.73 m2 and 15 patients (48%) had an ACR >30 mg/g. After 12 months, 22 patients were considered BP responders (73%). ACR decreased significantly from a median of 25.8 mg/g (interquartile range [IQR] 9.0-574.0 mg/g) to 14.8 mg/g (IQR 4.5-61.0 mg/g, p=0.007). When the results were split according to systolic BP responder status on ABPM, we found a significant reduction in responders (from 25.6 mg/g [IQR 8.7-382.8 mg/g] to 15.9 mg/g [IQR 4.4-55.0 mg/g], p=0.009), and a numerical decrease in the non-responder subgroup (from 165.0 mg/g [IQR 8.8-1423.5 mg/g] to 13.6 mg/dl [IQR 5.7-1417.0 mg/g], p=0.345). Conclusions: Besides significant reductions in blood pressure (both office and 24-h ABPM), renal denervation was associated with a significant reduction in ACR, a recognized marker of target organ damage.publishersversionpublishe