Temporal patterns of picoplankton abundance and metabolism on the western coast of the equatorial Atlantic Ocean

Picoplankton are central global carbon (C) cycling players and often dominate the ocean plankton communities, especially in low latitudes. Therefore, evaluating picoplankton temporal dynamics is critical to understanding microbial stocks and C fluxes in tropical oceans. However, the lack of studies on low-latitude picoplankton communities translates into a common conception that there is an absence of seasonality. Herein, we studied the temporal variation in abundance (measured by flow cytometry), and carbon flux (taking bacterial production and respiration as proxies) of the picoplanktonic community for the first time, as well as their environmental drivers in a low-latitude (05° 59’ 20.7″S 035° 05’ 14.6″W) Atlantic coastal station. We performed monthly samplings between February 2013 and August 2016 in a novel microbial observatory – hereafter called the Equatorial Atlantic Microbial Observatory – established on the northeastern Brazilian Atlantic coast. Our results revealed stability in temporal dynamics of picoplankton, despite a considerable inter-annual variation, with some related to the El Niño (ENSO) event in 2015. However, weak environmental relationships found were not enough to explain the variation in picoplankton’s abundance, which suggests that other factors such as biological interactions may lead to picoplankton abundance variation over time. Heterotrophic bacteria dominated picoplankton during the entire study period and between photosynthetic counterparts, and Synechococcus showed greater relative importance than picoeukaryotes. These results bring a novel perspective that picoplankton may exhibit more pronounced fluctuations in the tropical region when considering inter-annual intervals, and is increasing prokaryotic contribution to carbon cycling towards the equator.Fil: Menezes, Maiara. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte; BrasilFil: Junger, Pedro C.. Universidade Federal do São Carlos; BrasilFil: Kavagutti, Vinicius S.. Universidade Federal do São Carlos; BrasilFil: Wanderley, Bruno. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte; BrasilFil: Cabral, Anderson de Souza. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Paranhos, Rodolfo. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Unrein, Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martin. Instituto Tecnologico de Chascomus. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - la Plata. Instituto Tecnologico de Chascomus.; ArgentinaFil: Amado, André M.. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte; Brasil. Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; BrasilFil: Sarmento, Hugo. Universidade Federal do São Carlos; Brasi

Comparison of the Local Temperature, Lactate and Glucose After Three Different Strength Training Methods

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(4): 1408-1420, 2021. This study aimed to evaluate the local temperature, lactate, and blood glucose in three strength training methods. The study included 12 male subjects; (22.15 ± 5.77 years, 76.85 ± 9.15 kg, 1.72 ± 0.09 m), with minimum of 12 months of strength training experience, and all participated in the three training methods: the occlusion training (Kaatsu); the tension training (Tension); and the traditional training (Traditional). The Kaatsu training consisted in 3 sets of 10RM with occlusion device in both arms inflated to a 130% occlusion pressure. In addition, the tension method was performed with 30% of 1RM and the traditional training, consisted in 10 repetitions with 80% RM. Regarding the temperature variation, differences were observed between the Kaatsu and Traditional methods in relation to Tension (p = .049, ɳ2p = 0.187). While for blood glucose (p = .351, ɳ2p = 0.075) and lactate (p = .722, ɳ2p = 0.022) there were no differences between the methods. Regarding the temperature (°C) measured by thermography and asymmetry, the right side showed a decrease in the post-test, in relation to the pre-test, in all methods (p \u3c .05, ɳ2p \u3e 0.150). The left (p = .035, ɳ2p = 0.301) and right (p = .012, ɳ2p = 0.324) sides showed a decrease in temperature, in the post-test in relation to the pre-test, in the Kaatsu and traditional method. In asymmetry, the three methods showed an increase in the post-test in relation to the pre-test (p = .042, ɳ2p = 0.158). In conclusion, tension method seems to stimulate greater heat production than the other methods. This information can help coaches to choose among these training methods according to the desired physiological response

A Rapid and Sensitive Single Residual Method for Determination of Ethephon in Grape by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry/ Um método residual rápido e sensível para a determinação de Ethephon em uvas por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência e espectrometria de massa em tandem

This paper describes a rapid (7.0 min) and sensitive (LLOQ 0.1 ng/mL) analytical method for the quantitation of Ethephon  in grape.  A new method for the detection and quantification of ETP residues in fruit and vegetables was developed. The present study indicates that fruit and vegetables require a rapid and simple cleanup step before using gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry. The recovery and precision of the new method were evaluated by spiking the fruit and vegetable samples with 0.01-0.1 μg/g of ETP. The method is based on High-performance Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Hypercarb 2.1x 100 mm 5µm reversed-phase column and a mobile phase containing water/mathanol (97:3 v/v, add 1% acetic acid), in isocratic conditions. The target analytes were transferred into a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization source for mass detection. The ion transitions selected for MRM detection were:  m/z 142.8 106.8, m/z 144.8 106.8 and 106.878.8 for ETP. The linearity of the detector response was demonstrated in the range from 0.01 to 1 µg/g for each analyte with a coefficient of determination (R2) of ≥0.999. The method was successfully applied to determination of ethephon in bunch grapes from five free trade fairs in the city of Caruaru, Pernambuco, Brazil

Trophic and Microbial Patterns in the Ross Sea Area (Antarctica): Spatial Variability during the Summer Season

In open regions of the Ross Sea, the role of the microbial community in the turnover of organic matter has scarcely been investigated; indeed, very little is known on how microbial distribution and functional diversity respond to environmental conditions and hydrographic structures. During the austral summer of 2017, two pelagic areas of the Ross Sea [the Drygalski Ice Tongue and the nearby Terra Nova Bay polynya (A area), and the continental Shelf Break area near Cape Adare (C area)] were studied at selected depths [surface, Deep Chlorophyll Maximum (DCM), Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW), deep waters]. Trophic properties [nutrient concentrations, particulate (POC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and its optically significant fraction (CDOM) were measured, together with the main hydrological variables. Microbial community abundance [total prokaryotes, living, dead, and actively respiring fraction, high- and low nucleic acid cells (HNA and LNA), picoand nano-eukaryotes, culturable heterotrophic bacteria], composition, and metabolism (as whole community and as isolated bacteria) were also assessed. Through a multidisciplinary dataset, this study highlighted the variable response of microbial abundance, diversity, and metabolism of the microbial community to the changing local environmental conditions of the Ross Sea. Different forces, such as organic matter inputs (mostly of detrital nature) released from the Drygalski glacier in the A area, and a coastal-to-offshore gradient in the C area, coexisted within this extreme ecosystem. This resulted in a significant spatial segregation of the edaphic parameters, and of the microbial community distribution and metabolic activity patterns

Effects of Ibuprofen intake in muscle damage, body temperature and muscle power in Paralympic powerlifting athletes

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of ingesting ibuprofen on post-workout recovery of muscle damage, body temperature and muscle power indicators in Paralympic powerlifting athletes. The study was carried out with eight Paralympic powerlifting athletes (aged 27.0 ± 5.3 years and 79.9 ± 25.5 kg of body mass) competing at the national level, with a minimum training experience of 12 months, who all submitted to two experimental conditions: Ibuprofen (2 × 00 mg) and control. The maximal isometric force of the upper limbs and rate of force development, thermography, and serum biochemical analyzes of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were measured before, after, 24 h after and 48 h after the intervention. Maximal isometric force only decreased in the placebo condition, which increased back to baseline levels, while no substantial decline in baseline force was seen in the ibuprofen condition, although no effect for exercise condition was detected. After the exercise, the rate of force development decreased significantly for both conditions and did not exceed baseline levels again after 48 h. Muscle temperature decreased significantly at 48-h post-exercise in the placebo condition, when compared with the previous day of measurement; and deltoid muscle temperature at 48-h post-exercise was higher with the ibuprofen condition. Although the results indicate some positive effects of ibuprofen use, they do not enable a clear statement regarding its positive effects on muscle function and muscle damage. Ibuprofen seems to have caused a delay in the anti-inflammatory response following exercise.publishedVersio

Características Físico-Químicas de Sucos de Frutas Industrializados: Estudo in vitro

Objetivo: Analisar as propriedades físico-químicas de sucos de fruta industrializados com formulações em pó e prontos para consumo. Método: A amostra constituída de quatorze sucos industrializados com sabores variados, sete em pó da Tang® e sete prontos para consumo da Del valle® e Kapo®, foi analisada pelos seguintes parâmetros: pH, Acidez Total Titulável (ATT) e teor de Sólidos Solúveis Totais (SST). Todos os testes foram realizados em triplicata. Os dados foram coletados por um único examinador e analisados de forma descritiva e inferencial com o teste Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney (α=0,05) no SPSS® (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences), versão 17. Resultados: Todos os sucos estudados apresentaram pH abaixo do crítico para o esmalte, todavia os sucos em pó foram mais ácidos  que os sucos prontos para consumo (p 0,05). A mediana dos valores de ATT dos sucos prontos para consumo (0,33%) foi superior a dos sucos em pó (0,05%), sem diferenças significativas entre as amostras. Na avaliação do teor de SST, os sucos prontos para consumo apresentaram-se mais concentrados que os sucos em pó com diferença significativa estatisticamente (p 0,05). Conclusão: Os sucos de fruta industrializados analisados apresentaram valores baixo de pH e elevado teor de SST. No entanto, estas características físico-químicas foram diferenciadas de acordo com a forma de preparação e comercialização dos sucos

Effects of Resistance Training on Oxidative Stress Markers and Muscle Damage in Spinal Cord Injured Rats

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a condition that affects the central nervous system, is characterized by motor and sensory impairments, and impacts individuals’ lives. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of resistance training on oxidative stress and muscle damage in spinal cord injured rats. Methodology: Forty Wistar rats were selected and divided equally into five groups: Healthy Control (CON), Sham (SHAM) SCI Untrained group (SCI-U), SCI Trained group (SCI- T), SCI Active Trained group (SCI- AT). Animals in the trained groups were submitted to an incomplete SCI at T9. Thereafter, they performed a protocol of resistance training for four weeks. Results: Significant differences in muscle damage markers and oxidative stress in the trained groups, mainly in SCI- AT, were found. On the other hand, SCI- U group presented higher levels of oxidative stress and biomarkers of LDH and AST. Conclusion: The results highlight that resistance training promoted a decrease in oxidative stress and a significative response in muscle damage markers. Keywords: spinal cord injury; resistance training; oxidative stress; muscle damag

Concentrações De Nutrientes Nos Tecidos De Grãos De Soja, Influenciados Por Fontes E Doses Fosfatadas Em Solo De Alta Fertilidade E Em Cultivo No Cerrado

The soybean crop is of the main crops of Brazilian agribusiness, and may be limited by wrong fertilization in cerrado. With this study aimed to evaluate the dynamics of phosphate fertilizer, the use of fertilization sources and doses in soybean maintenance, on soil with high content of P, and checking the actual effectiveness of the use of triple superphosphate increased efficiency. The experiment was conducted in completely randomized block design with four replications in a factorial scheme 2x5, being the first factor sources of fertilizers (triple superphosphate and triple increased efficiency superphosphate) and second factor five doses of P2O5 (0, 40, 80, 120 and 240 kg ha-1). The experiment was conducted at the experimental area in Rio Verde, GO, seeking to evaluate the influences on the characteristics of production components and soybean yields, soil fertility, nutrient concentrations of harvested soybeans and the dynamics of P in the soil. The phosphorus fertilization influenced the contents of P, S, Cu and Fe in the soil and N and Fe concentrations in the grain harvested. For phosphate fertilizer, it is recommended the use of conventional triple superphosphate at dose of 75 kg ha-1 of P2O5.A cultura da soja é uma das principais culturas do agronegócio brasileiro, podendo ser limitada por adubações equivocadas em área de cerrado. Com o presente trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da adubação fosfatada, pelo uso de fontes e doses na adubação de manutenção da cultura da soja, na fertilidade do solo, em condições de solo com alto teor de P. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial de 2x5, sendo o primeiro fator fontes de fertilizantes (superfosfato triplo e superfosfato triplo de eficiência aumentada) e segundo fator doses de P2O5 (0, 40, 80, 120 e 240 kg ha-1). O experimento foi conduzido em área experimental, em Rio Verde, GO, buscando-se avaliar as influências nas características de componentes de produção e produtividade da soja, na fertilidade do solo, concentrações nutricionais dos grãos de soja colhidos e a dinâmica do P no solo. Constatou-se que adubação fosfatada influenciou os teores de P, S, Cu e Fe do solo e nas concentrações de N e Fe dos grãos colhidos. Para a adubação fosfatada, recomenda-se o uso do Superfosfato triplo convencional na dose de 75 kg ha-1 de P2O5

Dinâmica Do Fósforo Em Solos De Alta Fertilidade: Fontes E Doses Fosfatadas Em Cultivo Da Cultura De Soja No Cerrado

The soybean crop is of the main crops of Brazilian agribusiness, and may be limited by wrong fertilization in cerrado. With this study aimed to evaluate the dynamics of phosphate fertilizer, the use of fertilization sources and doses in soybean maintenance, on soil with high content of P, and checking the actual effectiveness of the use of triple superphosphate increased efficiency. The experiment was conducted in completely randomized block design with four replications in a factorial scheme 2x5, being the first factor sources of fertilizers (triple superphosphate and triple increased efficiency superphosphate) and second factor five doses of P2O5 (0, 40, 80, 120 and 240 kg ha-1). The experiment was conducted at the experimental area in Rio Verde, GO, seeking to evaluate the influences on the characteristics of production components and soybean yields, soil fertility, nutrient concentrations of harvested soybeans and the dynamics of P in the soil. For phosphate fertilizer, it is recommended the use of conventional triple superphosphate at dose of 75 kg ha-1 of P2O5.A cultura da soja é uma das principais culturas do agronegócio brasileiro, podendo ser limitada por adubações equivocadas em área de cerrado. Com o presente trabalho, objetivou avaliar a dinâmica da adubação fosfatada, pelo uso de fontes e doses na adubação de manutenção da cultura da soja, em solo com alto teor de P, verificando a real eficácia do uso do superfosfato triplo de eficiência aumentada. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial de 2x5, sendo o primeiro fator fontes de fertilizantes (superfosfato triplo e superfosfato triplo de eficiência aumentada) e segundo fator doses de P2O5 (0, 40, 80, 120 e 240 kg ha-1). O experimento foi conduzido em área experimental, em Rio Verde, GO, buscando-se avaliar as influências nas características de componentes de produção e produtividade da soja, bem como, na dinâmica do P no solo. Constatou-se que a cultura da soja não respondeu à adubação fosfatada, em solo com alto teor de P. O uso do Superfosfato triplo de eficiência aumentada não modifica a produtividade de grãos, mas, aumentou a exportação de P via grãos da cultura, em comparação ao Superfosfato Triplo convencional. Para a adubação fosfatada, recomenda-se o uso do Superfosfato triplo convencional na dose de 75 kg ha-1 de P2O5

Phosphate sources and doses in soybean crop cultivation in the Cerrado and their responses to soil fertility

A cultura da soja é uma das principais culturas do agronegócio brasileiro, podendo ser limitada por adubações equivocadas em área de cerrado. Com o presente trabalho, objetivou avaliar a dinâmica da adubação fosfatada, pelo uso de fontes e doses na adubação de manutenção da cultura da soja, em solo com alto teor de P, verificando a real eficácia do uso do superfosfato triplo de eficiência aumentada. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial de 2x5, sendo o primeiro fator fontes de fertilizantes (superfosfato triplo e superfosfato triplo de eficiência aumentada) e segundo fator doses de P2O5 (0, 40, 80, 120 e 240 kg ha-1). O experimento foi conduzido em área experimental, em Rio Verde, GO, buscando-se avaliar as influências nas características de componentes de produção e produtividade da soja, na fertilidade do solo, concentrações nutricionais dos grãos de soja colhidos e a dinâmica do P no solo. Constatou-se que a cultura da soja não respondeu à adubação fosfatada, em solo com alto teor de P. A adubação fosfatada influenciou os teores de P, S, Cu e Fe do solo e nas concentrações de N e Fe dos grãos colhidos. Para a adubação fosfatada, recomenda-se o uso do Superfosfato triplo convencional na dose de 75 kg ha-1 de P2O5.The soybean crop is of the main crops of Brazilian agribusiness, and may be limited by wrong fertilization in cerrado. With this study aimed to evaluate the dynamics of phosphate fertilizer, the use of fertilization sources and doses in soybean maintenance, on soil with high content of P, and checking the actual effectiveness of the use of triple superphosphate increased efficiency. The experiment was conducted in completely randomized block design with four replications in a factorial scheme 2x5, being the first factor sources of fertilizers (triple superphosphate and triple increased efficiency superphosphate) and second factor five doses of P2O5 (0, 40, 80, 120 and 240 kg ha-1). The experiment was conducted at the experimental area in Rio Verde, GO, seeking to evaluate the influences on the characteristics of production components and soybean yields, soil fertility, nutrient concentrations of harvested soybeans and the dynamics of P in the soil. The phosphorus fertilization influenced the contents of P, S, Cu and Fe in the soil and N and Fe concentrations in the grain harvested. For phosphate fertilizer, it is recommended the use of conventional triple superphosphate at dose of 75 kg ha-1 of P2O5