Discrete-time MPC for switched systems with applications to biomedical problems

Switched systems in which the manipulated control action is the time-dependingswitching signal describe many engineering problems, mainly related to biomedical applications. In such a context, to control the system means to select an autonomous system - at each time step - among a given finite family. Even when this selection can be done by solving a Dynamic Programming (DP) problem, such a solution is often difficult to apply, and state/control constraints cannot be explicitly considered. In this work a new set-based Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy is proposed to handle switched systems in a tractable form. The optimization problem at the core of the MPC formulation consists in an easy-to-solve mixed-integer optimization problem, whose solution is applied in a receding horizon way. Two biomedical applications are simulated to test the controller: (i) the drug schedule to attenuate the effect of viralmutation and drugs resistance on the viral load, and (ii) the drug schedule for Triple Negative breast cancer treatment. The numerical results suggest that the proposed strategy outperform the schedule for available treatments.Fil: Anderson, Alejandro Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: González, Alejandro Hernán. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Ferramosca, Antonio. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional; ArgentinaFil: Hernandez Vargas, Esteban Abelardo. Frankfurt Institute For Advanced Studies-fias; Alemani

Discrete-time switching MPC with applications to mitigate resistance in viral infections

Many engineering applications can be described as switched linear systems, in which the manipulated control action is the time-dependent switching signal. In such a case, the control strategy must select a linear autonomous system at each time step, among a finite number of them. Even when this selection can be done by solving a Dynamic Programming (DP) problem, the implementation of such a solution is often difficult and state/control constraints cannot be explicitly accounted for. In this paper, a new set-based Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy is presented to handle switched linear systems in a tractable form. The optimization problem at the core of the MPC formulation consists of an easy-to-solve mixed-integer optimization problem, whose solution is applied in a receding horizon way. The medical application of viral mutation and its respective drug resistance is addressed to acute and chronic infections. The objective is to attenuate the effect of mutations on the total viral load, and the numerical results suggested that the proposed strategy outperforms the schedule for available treatments.Fil: Anderson, Alejandro Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: González, Alejandro Hernán. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Ferramosca, Antonio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Hernandez Vargas, Esteban Abelardo. Frankfurt Institute For Advanced Studies-fias; Alemani

MPC for tracking with maximum domain of attraction

This paper presents a novel set-based model predictive control for tracking, with the largest domain of attraction. The formulation - which consists of a single optimization problem - shows a dual behavior: one operating inside the maximal controllable set to the feasible equilibrium set, and the other operating at the N-controllable set to the same equilibrium set. Based on some finite-time convergence results, global stability of the resulting closed-loop is proved, while recursive feasibility is ensured for any change of the set point. The properties and advantages of the controller have been tested on simulation models.Fil: Anderson, Alejandro Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: D'jorge, Agustina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: González, Alejandro Hernán. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Ferramosca, Antonio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Reconquista; ArgentinaFil: Actis, Marcelo Jesús. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química; Argentin

On stability of nonzero set-point for non linear impulsive control systems

The interest in non-linear impulsive systems (NIS) has been growing due to its impact in application problems such as disease treatments (diabetes, HIV, influenza, among many others), where the control action (drug administration) is given by short-duration pulses followed by time periods of null values. Within this framework the concept of equilibrium needs to be extended (redefined) to allows the system to keep orbiting (between two consecutive pulses) in some state space regions out of the origin, according to usual objectives of most real applications. Although such regions can be characterized by means of a discrete-time system obtained by sampling the NIS at the impulsive times, no agreements have reached about their asymptotic stability (AS). This paper studies the asymptotic stability of control equilibrium orbits for NSI, based on the underlying discrete time system, in order to establish the conditions under which the AS for the latter leads to the AS for the former. Furthermore, based on the latter AS characterization, an impulsive Model Predictive Control (i-MPC) that feasibly stabilizes the non-linear impulsive system is presented. Finally, the proposed stable MPC is applied to two control problems of interest: the intravenous bolus administration of Lithium and the administration of antiretrovirals for HIV treatments.Fil: D'jorge, Agustina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Anderson, Alejandro Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Ferramosca, Antonio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; Argentina. Control System And Automation Laboratory; ItaliaFil: González, Alejandro Hernán. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Actis, Marcelo Jesús. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Matemática Aplicada del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Matemática Aplicada del Litoral; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química; Argentin

Relaxation dominated cosmological expansion

The behavior near the singularity of an isotropic, homogeneous cosmological model with a viscous fluid source is investigated. This turns out to be a relaxation dominated regime. Full extended irreversible thermodynamics is used, and comparison with results of the truncated theory is made. New singular behaviors are found and it is shown that a relaxation dominated inflationary epoch may exist for fluids with small heat capacity.Comment: 7 pages, LaTeX. To be published in Physics Letters

Effects of Superdispersant-25 on the sorption dynamics of naphthalene and phenanthrene in marine sediments

Acknowledgements: The authors acknowledge the assistance of Mike Mcgibbon in analysing carbon content, the crews of the MRV Scotia and MRV Temora for sample collection. Dr. Hedda Weitz and Prof. Graeme Patton are thanked for facilitating access to laboratory space and equipment. Funding information: LJP was funded through MarCRF funds for a PhD project designed by UW, JA and AG and awarded to LJP.Peer reviewedPostprin

The effect of chemical dispersant concentration on hydrocarbon mobility through permeable North-East Scotland sands

The authors acknowledge Paul Hallett and Annette Raffan for granting access to and training on the tensiometer, respectively. Cruickshank Analytical Lab staff are acknowledged for assistance in carbon content analysis. The Marine Collaboration Research Forum is acknowledged for funding LJP's PhD project. BP are acknowledged for providing Schiehallion crude oil.Peer reviewedPostprintPostprin

A Step Forward to the Characterization of Secondary Effuents to Predict Membrane Fouling in a Subsequent Ultrafiltration

[EN] Nowadays, wastewater reuse in Mediterranean countries is necessary to cover the water demand. This contributes to the protection of the environment and encourages the circular economy. Due to increasingly strict regulation, the secondary effluent of a wastewater treatment plant requires further (tertiary) treatment to reach enough quality for its reuse in agriculture. Ultrafiltration is a membrane technique suitable for tertiary treatment. However, the most important drawback of ultrafiltration is membrane fouling. The aim of this work is to predict membrane fouling and ultrafiltered wastewater permeate quality for a particular membrane, using the information given by an exhaustive secondary effluent characterization. For this, ultrafiltration of real and simulated wastewaters and of their components after fractionation has been performed. In order to better characterize the secondary effluent, resin fractionation and further membrane ultrafiltration of the generated fractions and wastewater were performed. The results indicated that hydrophobic substances were lower than hydrophilic ones in the secondary effluent. Supelite DAX-8, Amberlite XAD-4 and Amberlite IRA-958 resins were found not to be specific for humic acids, proteins and carbohydrates, which are the main components of the effluent organic matter. Two models have been performed using statistics (partial least squares, PLS) and an artificial neural network (ANN), respectively. The results showed that the ANN model predicted permeate quality and membrane fouling with higher accuracy than PLS.This study was funded by Generalitat Valenciana (Project AICO 18/319).Anderson-Alejandro Benites-Zelaya; Soler Cabezas, JL.; Ferrer-Polonio, E.; Mendoza Roca, JA.; Vincent Vela, MC. (2020). A Step Forward to the Characterization of Secondary Effuents to Predict Membrane Fouling in a Subsequent Ultrafiltration. Water. 12(7):1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12071975S117127European Commission—Environmenthttps://ec.europa.eu/environment/water/reuse.htmRippey, S. R., & Watkins, W. D. (1992). Comparative Rates of Disinfection of Microbial Indicator Organisms in Chlorinated Sewage Effluents. Water Science and Technology, 26(9-11), 2185-2189. doi:10.2166/wst.1992.0693Mounaouer, B., & Abdennaceur, H. (2016). Modeling and kinetic characterization of wastewater disinfection using chlorine and UV irradiation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(19), 19861-19875. doi:10.1007/s11356-016-7173-4Hijnen, W. A. M., Beerendonk, E. F., & Medema, G. J. (2006). Inactivation credit of UV radiation for viruses, bacteria and protozoan (oo)cysts in water: A review. 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Effluent Organic Matter (EfOM) in Wastewater: Constituents, Effects, and Treatment. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 36(4), 327-374. doi:10.1080/10643380600580011Wang, Z.-P., & Zhang, T. (2010). Characterization of soluble microbial products (SMP) under stressful conditions. Water Research, 44(18), 5499-5509. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2010.06.067Ferrer-Polonio, E., White, K., Mendoza-Roca, J. A., & Bes-Piá, A. (2018). The role of the operating parameters of SBR systems on the SMP production and on membrane fouling reduction. Journal of Environmental Management, 228, 205-212. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.036Ferrer-Polonio, E., Fernández-Navarro, J., Alonso-Molina, J. L., Bes-Piá, A., & Mendoza-Roca, J. A. (2018). Influence of organic matter type in wastewater on soluble microbial products production and on further ultrafiltration. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 93(11), 3284-3291. doi:10.1002/jctb.5689Leenheer, J. A. (1981). Comprehensive approach to preparative isolation and fractionation of dissolved organic carbon from natural waters and wastewaters. Environmental Science & Technology, 15(5), 578-587. doi:10.1021/es00087a010Imai, A., Fukushima, T., Matsushige, K., Kim, Y.-H., & Choi, K. (2002). Characterization of dissolved organic matter in effluents from wastewater treatment plants. Water Research, 36(4), 859-870. doi:10.1016/s0043-1354(01)00283-4Zheng, X., Khan, M. T., & Croué, J.-P. (2014). Contribution of effluent organic matter (EfOM) to ultrafiltration (UF) membrane fouling: Isolation, characterization, and fouling effect of EfOM fractions. Water Research, 65, 414-424. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2014.07.039Ferrer-Polonio, E., McCabe, M., Mendoza-Roca, J. A., & Vincent-Vela, M.-C. (2018). Fractionation of secondary effluents of wastewater treatment plants in view of the evaluation of membrane fouling in a further ultrafiltration step. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 93(5), 1495-1501. doi:10.1002/jctb.5520Chaloulakou, A., Grivas, G., & Spyrellis, N. (2003). Neural Network and Multiple Regression Models for PM10 Prediction in Athens: A Comparative Assessment. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 53(10), 1183-1190. doi:10.1080/10473289.2003.10466276Kalogirou, S. A. (2000). Applications of artificial neural-networks for energy systems. Applied Energy, 67(1-2), 17-35. doi:10.1016/s0306-2619(00)00005-2Hamed, M. M., Khalafallah, M. G., & Hassanien, E. A. (2004). Prediction of wastewater treatment plant performance using artificial neural networks. Environmental Modelling & Software, 19(10), 919-928. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2003.10.005Shon, H. K., Vigneswaran, S., Kim, I. S., Cho, J., & Ngo, H. H. (2006). Fouling of ultrafiltration membrane by effluent organic matter: A detailed characterization using different organic fractions in wastewater. Journal of Membrane Science, 278(1-2), 232-238. doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2005.11.006Marhaba, T. F. (2000). Fluorescence Technique for Rapid Identification of DOM Fractions. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 126(2), 145-152. doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(2000)126:2(145)Teodosiu, C. (2000). Neural network models for ultrafiltration and backwashing. Water Research, 34(18), 4371-4380. doi:10.1016/s0043-1354(00)00217-7Delgrange-Vincent, N., Cabassud, C., Cabassud, M., Durand-Bourlier, L., & Laîné, J. M. (2000). Neural networks for long term prediction of fouling and backwash efficiency in ultrafiltration for drinking water production. Desalination, 131(1-3), 353-362. doi:10.1016/s0011-9164(00)90034-1Vincent Vela, M. C., Álvarez Blanco, S., Lora García, J., & Bergantiños Rodríguez, E. (2009). Analysis of membrane pore blocking models adapted to crossflow ultrafiltration in the ultrafiltration of PEG. 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Selecting ultrafiltration membranes for fractionation of high added value compounds from grape pomace extracts. OENO One, 53(3). doi:10.20870/oeno-one.2019.53.3.2343Babcock, J. J., & Brancaleon, L. (2013). Bovine serum albumin oligomers in the E- and B-forms at low protein concentration and ionic strength. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 53, 42-53. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.10.030Zirnsak, M. A., & Boger, D. V. (1998). Axisymmetric entry flow of semi-dilute xanthan gum solutions: prediction and experiment. Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics, 79(2-3), 105-136. doi:10.1016/s0377-0257(98)00104-9Corbatón-Báguena, M.-J., Álvarez-Blanco, S., & Vincent-Vela, M.-C. (2015). Fouling mechanisms of ultrafiltration membranes fouled with whey model solutions. Desalination, 360, 87-96. doi:10.1016/j.desal.2015.01.019Maruyama, T., Katoh, S., Nakajima, M., & Nabetani, H. (2001). Mechanism of bovine serum albumin aggregation during ultrafiltration. 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Tramas territoriais na comercialização de produtos agrícolas em territórios fronteiriços

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as tramas territoriais na comercialização de produtos agrícolas nas feiras livres de Corumbá-MS, na fronteira Brasil-Bolívia. As tramas são as relações de complementaridade e oposição entre os territórios. A partir de uma abordagem qualitativa pela finalidade exploratória e descritiva reconheceu-se a importância de se estudar o desenvolvimento territorial rural e as fronteiras. Os feirantes bolivianos são maiorias nas feiras e a produção agrícola brasileira é insuficiente para abastecer o mercado local, o que justifica a entrada de alimentos a partir da Bolívia. As tramas se formam a partir das práticas dos atores que se complementam e se opõem nas relações diárias e nos jogos de poder sob o território

Bacterial Community Response in Deep Faroe-Shetland Channel Sediments Following Hydrocarbon Entrainment With and Without Dispersant Addition

The authors acknowledge Dr. Alan McCue for assistance with GC-FID, the MRV Scotia scientists and crew for assistance with sample collection and Cruikshank Analytical Lab for Carbon content analysis. Amy Bode and Val Johnston are thanked for their assistance with experimental setup and sampling. Dr. Sophie Shaw (CGEBM) is acknowledged for her advice and guidance with molecular analysis. Funding LJP and hydrocarbon analytics were funded through MarCRF funds for a Ph.D. project designed by UW, JA, and AG and awarded to LJP. LDP and microbiological investigations were funded through NERC award no NE/L00982X/1 to UW, JA, and EG. CG-R is funded by a University Research Fellowship.Peer reviewedPublisher PD