Halvautomatisk ekserpering av anglisismer i norsk

This paper reports on the status of ongoing corpus-based lexicographical work within the framework of the Norwegian Newspaper Corpus project (http://avis.uib.no/). Specifically it describes the work flow, tools and methods used in the identification and analysis of new anglicisms in Norwegian. The identification of recent English loan words serves a variety of purposes, including term extraction and the development of lexicography and terminology, and language political purposes such as surveying the amount and inventory of English loan words in various usage domains. While previous work in Norwegian lexicography has generally relied on manual methods for excerpting new words – and for identifying anglicisms among the new words, the current project is an effort to develop tools which automatises the process of identifying, segmenting and analysing new loan words from English. The article describes the overall workflow and focuses especially on alternative methods for identifying anglicisms (lexicon-based, n-gram-based, combinatory methods), as well as the relevance of these methods for lexicography

Voting when the Stakes are High

Rational choice theories of electoral participation stress that an individual's decision to vote depends on her expected net benefit from doing so. If this instrumental motive is relevant, then turnout should be higher in elections where more is at stake. We test this prediction, by studying how turnout is affected by exogenous variation in governments’ financial flexibility to provide pork for their voters. By utilizing simultaneous elections for different offices, we identify a positive effect of election stakes on turnout.voter motivation, elections, turnout

Relevance Theory and Emerging Discourse Markers

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The strength and content of climate anger

Climate-related anger is present in Greta Thunberg’s speeches and the acts of Extinction Rebellion, but also in the rise of movements protesting climate policies, such as the Yellow Vests. The current study (N = 2,046) gives insight into the content of climate anger among the Norwegian public, as well as the relationship between anger and climate change engagement. Analyzing responses to the open-ended survey question “What is it about climate change that makes you angry?”, we find that the most common reason was human actions causing climate change. Respondents also frequently pointed to responsible agents, especially politicians. Controlling for other climate emotions, as well as socio-demographics, anger strength was differentially related to three types of climate change engagement; it was the strongest predictor of self-reported activism, positively related to policy support, but not related to individual mitigation efforts. Among those reporting anger, directing it towards human qualities or actions was consistently and positively related to individual behavior, policy support, and activism while referring to responsible agents was not related to either. 'Contrarian' anger, reflecting skepticism towards the threat of climate change or dissatisfaction with mitigation measures, constituted 10% of the responses and had a negative effect on all outcomes. Overall, we find that both the strength and content of climate anger are relevant for climate change engagement. Our findings illustrate the need to avoid simplistic discussions of climate emotions and their motivational potential.publishedVersio

People’s Conceptions and Valuations of Nature in the Context of Climate Change

This paper investigates how people conceive and evaluate nature through language, in a climate change context. With material consisting of 1,200 answers to open-ended questions in nationally representative surveys in Norway, we explore what semantic roles and values the respondents attribute to nature as well as to how they interact with the public debate about climate change. We observe that different conceptions and valuations of nature are tied to different perspectives on the climate change issue: some address the responsibilities of causing climate change, others its consequences, and others yet its potential solutions. The study provides knowledge about the variety of conceptions of nature that can be mobilised by individuals and suggests that policy measures and public communication could benefit by taking this diversity into account.acceptedVersio

Introduksjon til temanummer om miljø og klima

Med dette nummeret av Sosiologi i dag har vi ønsket å fokusere på miljø­sosiologiske analyser av dagens samfunn. Miljøproblemer har fått en stadig større plass innenfor samfunnsfaglige disipliner etter som konsekvensene av skade på miljø, og dermed også for mennesker og andre arter er blitt tydelige. Fagfeltene har fått egne betegnelser som green economics og green criminology, og i Norge og Sverige Miljøsosiologi. Miljøproblemer kan knyttes til menneske­samfunnets utforming og organisering, til hvordan enkeltindivider tenker og handler og konsumentpraksiser tilknyttet bl.a. normer og ideologier. Miljøsosiologien omfatter derfor en rekke ulike tema og analytiske nivåer. Et fellestrekk er likevel at analysene som hovedregel direkte eller indirekte belyser relasjonen mellom mennesker og ânaturenâ. Hvordan denne relasjonen kan og bør forstås er fremdeles omdiskutert innenfor fagfeltet. I den sammenheng er den pågående debatten om begrepet antropocen relevant. Det viser til at den menneskelige påvirkningen på jordkloden er så omfattende at vi kan omtale dette som menneskehetens tidsalder

Carbon capture and storage - Publics in five countries around the north sea prefer to do it on their own territory

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) has been identified as an essential part of the lowest-cost path toward reaching the goals of the Paris Agreement. In Europe, an accelerated pace of CCS development indicates that a CO2 transport and storage system could be established by 2030. However, we know little about how the public views the market for transport and storage of CO2 currently under development in Europe. In early 2023, we conducted an experimental comparative survey to study public opinions on cross-border CO2 trade for storage in Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway and the UK. The share of respondents that perceive CCS as somewhat positive or very positive varies considerably between the countries; we find the highest share in Denmark (69%), followed by the UK (68%), Norway (67%), the Netherlands (57%) and the lowest share in Germany (49%). Especially concerns about environmental risks and costs lead to more negative views, while perceptions of job creation and economic opportunities lead to more positive evaluations. The experimental results show that importing CO2 for storage is among the least preferred options in all countries, while the storage of CO2 that has been captured in the own country is the most preferred option; the gap in the share of positive evaluations is substantial and amounts to up to 20 percentage points in the UK. Respondents who feel that countries are responsible for reducing national greenhouse gas emissions and storing their own captured CO2 drive the pattern of a more positive evaluation of a domestic CCS value chain and a more negative evaluation of importing CO2.Carbon capture and storage - Publics in five countries around the north sea prefer to do it on their own territorypublishedVersio

Om fremveksten av en ny forståelsesramme for arbeidslivet og kampen mot arbeidslivskriminalitet

Språket vi anvender for å snakke om kriminalitet på arbeidsmarkedet er i endring. I det siste tiårets offentlige debatter og politiske strategidokumenter ser vi en stor økning i bruken av begreper som «arbeidslivskriminalitet», «arbeidsmarkedskriminalitet», «arbeidsmiljøkriminalitet» og forkortelsen «a-krim» som synonymer for å beskrive nye former for kriminalitet og kriminalitetsbekjempelse. Artikkelen presenterer en eksplorativ studie av den språklige endringen og knytter den til fremveksten av en ny forståelsesramme for kriminalitet i arbeidslivet. Vi viser at det nye begrepsapparatet er suksessfullt i den forstand at det skaper bred oppslutning, på tvers av både tradisjonelle politiske skillelinjer og organisasjoner. Vi analyserer datasett bestående av medietekster og nasjonale styringsdokumenter og identifiserer store endringer i språket. Metodisk er artikkelen fundert i korpus-assistert diskursanalyse, hvor nøkkelord brukes som analytisk omdreiningspunkt for kvalitative og kvantitative analyser av materialet, for å identifisere utviklingstrekk i saksfeltet. Artikkelen argumenterer for at en analyse av begrepet «arbeidslivskriminalitet» er nyttig for å forstå politikkutvikling på feltet, og at trusselforståelsen som ligger til grunn har fungert samlende på tvers av den politiske eliten.Om fremveksten av en ny forståelsesramme for arbeidslivet og kampen mot arbeidslivskriminalitetpublishedVersio

Nyord i skandinaviske språk

Nyordsdanning er en dynamisk og kontinuerlig prosess i alle verdens levende språk. Et fellestrekk ved de skandinaviske språkene er at de har en rik evne til å danne nye sammensetninger, noe som gjør tilfanget av nye ord i språket spesielt omfattende. Mange av sammensetningene er for kontekstspesifikke til å være aktuelle for normering eller oppføring i ordbøker, men et utvalg har livets rett og får oppmerksomhet gjennom nyordsbøker, nyordskåringer og behandling i normeringsorganer

Interim report on public perceptions of marine CDR

This deliverable synthesizes the results on public perceptions of marine CDR methods from the first two years of OceanNETs. The purpose is to inform the other work packages in OceanNETs and stakeholders about our results in a timely and brief manner about the ways members of the public view marine CDR specifically but also in the broader context of net-zero targets and climate policy. The deliverable summarises results of two studies: (1) focus groups held in Germany and Norway that covered ocean fertilization, ocean alkalinity enhancement, artificial upwelling and blue carbon management and (2) a deliberative survey in Norway that covered ocean alkalinity enhancement, macroalgae farming with BECCS or biomass sinking and land-based BECCS and enhanced weathering as terrestrial approaches for comparison. Participants in both studies emphasise the importance of reducing emissions and changing consumptions patterns. They hardly discuss the need to remove CO2 from the atmosphere to reach the Paris climate goal and the concept of negative emissions seems difficult for them to engage with. Among the methods, participants prefer ecosystem-based approaches like mangrove or seagrass restoration over other methods like alkalinity enhancement or ocean fertilization. Participants are concerned about the actual feasibility of deployment at a relevant removal scale and for a longer period. Connected to this are concerns about the controllability of the deployment and the methods’ impact, like difficulties to control negative environmental effects from biomass sinking at the seafloor. They also question the buildup of additional infrastructure or additional interventions into nature on top of already existing human interference. The opportunity to deliberate the methods increases participants’ certainty about their assessment but only slightly changes the direction of the assessment