Risikovurdering av marine arter som benyttes i forskning, økotoksikologiske analyser, undervisning og akvakultur, og som omsettes til akvarister og som levende sjømat i Norge

The species employed in research and for aquaculture purposes is regarded to pose small risks for transfer of diseases and establishment of feral populations with a substantial biological impact (sub-optimal environmental match and poor competitive abilities with local species). The commercial trade with aquarium species is predominated by tropical species with little environmental overlap. The few temperate aquariums are stocked with local biota. An import ban is proposed for the import of live American lobster (H.americanus) for consumption, and the crab: Percnon gibbesi for aquaria. It is also recommended to ban importation of the green algae Caulerpa taxifolia og C. racemosa, the red algae Rhodymenia pseudopalmata, and the tunicate Botrylloides violaceus. A risk evaluation (for the transfer of non-indigenous species) of the current practice, procedures and standards (National and international) for ecotoxicological studies is also recommended

The surveillance and control programme for bonamiosis and marteiliosis in European flat oysters, Ostrea edulis, and blue mussels, Mytilus sp. in Norway in 2017

Overvåkingsprogrammet for sykdommene bonamiose og marteiliose i flatøsters og blåskjell utføres av Havforskningsinstituttet på oppdrag fra Mattilsynet. Det ble hentet skjell fra fire ville bestander og ett østersanlegg, basert på utbredelsen av ville skjell og strukturen i østersnæringen. Prøver ble samlet inn i April/Mai og i Oktober, som er de periodene hvor prevalensen av parasittene Bonamia sp. og Marteilia sp. er høyest i smittede bestander. Det ble ikke observert unormal dødelighet verken vår eller høst. Bonamia ostreae / B. exitiosa ble ikke påvist. Det er kommet inn en rekke rapporter om at blåskjell «forsvinner» mange steder langs kysten. Årsakene til dette er ikke kjent. Parasitten Marteilia sp. ble imidlertid for første gang påvist I blåskjell, Mytilus edulis, på Bømlo i 2016. Denne påvisningen er fulgt opp med en utvidet prøvetaking i HI-prosjekt Blåskjelldødelighet (83737-04) i 2017. Det er gjort prøvetaking av blåskjell hver tredje måned og samlet inn fauna fra funnstedet og blåskjell fra områder i nærheten. Østers fra funnstedet ser ikke ut til å bli smittet av Marteilia sp. Genetiske studier av Marteilia spp. Fra England, Sverige og Norge (Bømlo) er inkludert i en studie som er gjort i EU-prosjektet VIVALDI. Marteilia sp. fra disse områdene er ulik Marteilia refringens som forårsaker sykdom hos flatøsters og er foreslått gitt navnet Marteilia pararefringens. Det ser således ut til at Marteilia refringens og Marteilia pararefringens sp. nov. er ulike arter med ulike vertsarter (hhv østers og blåskjell). Studiene videreføres i 2018, som en kombinasjon av overvåkingsprogrammet og forskningsprosjektet.publishedVersio

A biotest system for optimalization of environmental parameters for production of halibut fry

A system for controlled testing of different environmental parameters in seawater was made. Both the biotest system and an experimental setup using larvae of the Atlantic Halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) are described

The surveillance and control programme for bonamiosis and marteiliosis in European flat oysters, Ostrea edulis, and blue mussels, Mytilus sp. in Norway in 2016

The surveillance programme was carried out in accordance with the model established in 2015, including four wild beds and one oyster farm, based on the present distribution of wild beds, and the structure of the oyster industry. Samples were collected in April/May and in October, in order to be able to detect Bonamia sp. and Marteilia sp. during the periods when the potential prevalence could be at the highest. No abnormal mortalities were observed in oyster populations during the surveillance. Bonamia ostreae / B. exitiosa or microcells resembling Bonamia spp. were not detected during the surveillance programme in 2016. There have been several reports on mortality or “disappearance” of mussels along the Norwegian coast. The reason(s) for the mortalities have not been determined. From one mortality event, at Ytre Hvaler, Østfold, South-eastern Norway, in September 2016, live, presumably moribund mussels were sent to IMR and examined. Affected mussels showed infiltration of bacteria in digestive and connective tissues. Bacteria have been isolated, cultured and frozen for subsequent analysis. No parasites were observed. Marteilia refringens was detected for the first time in mussels, Mytilus sp. collected at Bømlo, western Norway in October. The prevalence was 50% and most infected mussels exhibited a heavy infection with sporulating Marteilia cells in the digestive epithelia, and affected tissues. A plan for extended survey and a study of the Marteilia refringens in affected mussels has been initiated.publishedVersio

PENGARUH MOTIVASI MAHASISWA TERHADAP KEMINATAN PROFESI AKUNTAN PUBLIK : Studi Kasus Pada Program Studi Akuntansi Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh motivasi mahasiswa terhadap keminatan profesi akuntan publik. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada program studi Akuntansi Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia angkatan 2011 sampai 2014. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dan kausalitas. Data yang digunakan merupakan data primer yang diperoleh dari hasil pengisian kuesioner. Hasil pengujian hipotesis menyimpulkan bahwa motivasi mahasiswa berupa penghargaan finansial dan pertimbangan pasar berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keminatan profesi Akuntan Publik. Sedangkan motivasi mahasiswa berupa lingkungan kerja dan nilai-nilai sosial berpengaruh negatif. Dan secara meyeluruh, motivasi mahasiswa berpengaruh negatif terhadap keminatan profesi Akuntan Publik. Kata kunci: Motivasi Mahasiswa, Keminatan Profesi, Akuntan Publik. The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of college student motivation toward of public accountant profession interest. This research was conducted to Accounting student at Universitas Pendidkan Indonesia from 2011 up to 2014 grade. Descriptive and causality method used in this research with primary data which from the questionnaires. It is concluded that motivation of college students which form in financial rewards and market considerations have positive and significant impact toward of Public Accountant profession. While the motivation of college students which form in working environment and social values have negative impact. And simultaneously, college student motivation have negative impact toward interest of Public Accountant profession. Keywords: College Student Motivation, Profession Interest, Public Accountan

The surveillance and control programme for bonamiosis and marteiliosis in European flat oysters, Ostrea edulis, and blue mussels, Mytilus sp. in Norway in 2018

The surveillance programme is carried out by the Institute of Marine Research according to a contract with the Norwegian Food Safety Authority. Samples were collected from four wild beds, two mussel farms and one oyster farm. Samples were collected in April/May and in October, in order to be able to detect Bonamia sp. and Marteilia sp. during the periods when the potential prevalence could be at the highest. No abnormal mortalities were observed in oyster populations during the surveillance. Bonamia ostreae / B. exitiosa were not detected. The results may be used as a background for an application for disease free status for Norwegian flat oysters. There have been several reports on mortality or “disappearance” of mussels along the Norwegian coast. The reason(s) for the mortalities have not been determined. However, the parasite Marteilia sp. was detected for the first time in mussels, Mytilus edulis at Bømlo, western Norway, collected during the surveillance programme in 2016. This has been followed up with an extended survey in the IMR research project Mussel mortalities (83737-04). We have performed transmission experiments that identify the time period of infection and the progress of the infection in mussels. Analyses of samples collected in July 2018 indicate that the parasite may be present in an abandoned oyster lagoon at Espevik, Tysnes. The results from the research project indicate that the Marteilia sp detected is limited to mussels. Flat oysters at the same site do not become infected. This is relevant to the listing of susceptible hosts for Marteilia spp. A genetic study of Marteilia spp. from the UK, Sweden and the present site at Aga has been included in a study in the EU-project VIVALDI. The name Marteilia pararefringens has been proposed, and there is strong evidence that Marteilia refringens and Marteilia pararefringens sp. nov. are distinct parasites of bivalves and have different European distributions. After the detection of M. pararefringens in mussels, it is important to obtain more data from mussels along the Norwegian coast. Mussels from Trøndelag in 2018 represented the first samples from mussels north of Bergen. In order to obtain a better set of data, we propose an extended surveillance that could be obtained through a revised surveillance progamme combined with a new model for health control in mollusk farms.publishedVersio

The surveillance and control programme for bonamiosis and marteiliosis in European flat oysters, Ostrea edulis, and blue mussels, Mytilus sp. in Norway in 2022

The surveillance programme is carried out by the Institute of Marine Research according to a contract with the Norwegian Food Safety Authority. In 2022, samples were collected from an area in Agder where flat oysters and mussels are harvested from wild beds and farmed, and from one mussel farm in Trøndelag county. Samples were collected in April/May and in October, to be able to detect Bonamia sp. and Marteilia sp. during the periods when the potential prevalence in affected populatioons is highest. No abnormal mortalities were observed during the surveillance. Bonamia ostreae / B. exitiosa and Marteilia refringens were not detected. Marteilia pararefringens has been observed in Norwegian mussels since 2016 and a targeted surveillance was carried out in 2022. M. pararefringens has so far been detected at eight sites. All Marteilia isolates have been sequenced and typed as Marteilia pararefringens, which is presumed specific for mussels. The work will be continued in 2023, linked to research on the distribution of M. pararefringens in wild mussels. We propose a revision of the surveillance programme and application for disease free status for Bonamia exitiosa in Norwegian flat oysters. We also propose an application for lifting the suspension of free status for Bonamia ostreae in Arendal and Marteilia refringens at Bømlo.The surveillance and control programme for bonamiosis and marteiliosis in European flat oysters, Ostrea edulis, and blue mussels, Mytilus sp. in Norway in 2022publishedVersio

The impact of offshore wind farms on the marine environment

There is an increasing need for energy. Considerable efforts are being made to develop environmentally friendly energy sources. Generating electric energy using wind turbines is one of the methods that has gained widespread, international acceptance. In Norway wind turbine farms are established as well, and more farms are planned for the coming years. Most farms are land based, but from several reasons there are increasing interests in offshore wind farms

Health and environmental risk evaluation of microorganisms used in bioremediation. Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Microbial Ecology of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety

In 2015, The Norwegian Environment Agency requested the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM) to collate an overview of bioremediation of polluted ground based on bioaugmentation described in literature for the degradation of various types of pollutants, (including hydrocarbons, heavy metals, chlorinated compounds, explosives etc.).The assessment of genetically modified microorganisms (GMO), phytoremediation, bioremediation based on natural attenuation, bio-stimulation or biodegradation, including composting, are not included in this report

Classification of non-indigenous species based on their impacts: Considerations for application in marine management

Assessment of the ecological and economic/societal impacts of the introduction of non-indigenous species (NIS) is one of the primary focus areas of bioinvasion science in terrestrial and aquatic environments, and is considered essential to management. A classification system of NIS, based on the magnitude of their environmental impacts, was recently proposed to assist management. Here, we consider the potential application of this classification scheme to the marine environment, and offer a complementary framework focussing on value sets in order to explicitly address marine management concerns. Since existing data on marine NIS impacts are scarce and successful marine removals are rare, we propose that management of marine NIS adopt a precautionary approach, which not only would emphasise preventing new incursions through pre-border and at-border controls but also should influence the categorisation of impacts. The study of marine invasion impacts requires urgent attention and significant investment, since we lack the luxury of waiting for the knowledge base to be acquired before the window of opportunity closes for feasible management