Intuition rooli rekrytointiprosessin päätöksenteossa

Tutkin pro gradu -tutkielmassani intuitiota, päätöksentekoa ja rekrytointiprosessia. Aiheet on yhdistetty siten, että tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan intuition roolia rekrytointiprosessin päätöksenteossa. Organisaatiot rekrytoivat jatkuvasti uusia työntekijöitä ja näiden uusien työntekijöiden rekrytointiin käytetään paljon resursseja. Työsuhde kestää keskimäärin 10 vuotta (Yle 2015), joten yhtä henkilöä koskeva rahallinen panostus on organisaatiolle suuri. Uuden työntekijän valinnassa halutaan tehdä oikea ja kannattava päätös. Intuitiota, päätöksentekoa ja rekrytointiprosessia on tutkittu paljon, mutta näitä yhdistettynä on tutkittu huomattavasti vähemmän. Intuitiosta ja sen muodoista on olemassa useita eri määritelmiä. Eräs intuition määritelmä sanoo sen olevan kyky kokea asioita ilman, että kykenee perustelemaan tai selittämään kokemustaan (Tieteen termipankki 2021). Intuition muodoista voidaan mainita esimerkiksi Raamin (2017, 40) määrittelemä asiantuntijan intuitio. Tämä perustuu hiljaiseen ja sanattomaan tietoon sekä hahmontunnistukseen ja hahmojen yhteensovittamiseen. Se on rakentunut juuri tietylle osa-alueelle, joka on rakentunut kokemuksen myötä muistiin. Päätöksentekoprosessissa intuition on kuvailtu olevan jopa tehokkaampi kuin analyyttinen ajattelu (Julmi 2018, 293). Tutkimus on toteutettu kvalitatiivisia menetelmiä käyttäen. Tutkimusta varten on haastateltu teemahaastattelua hyödyntäen neljää yrityksen rekrytointiprosesseihin osallistunutta henkilöä, sekä kerätty tutkimusmateriaalia etnografista menetelmää käyttäen, neljästä eri rekrytointitapahtumasta. Haastattelut on suoritettu puolistrukturoituna. Se on jättänyt enemmän tilaa vuoropuheluille. Aineiston analysointi on toteutettu käyttämällä teema-analyysia, jonka avulla on kerätty erilaisia, tutkimusilmiöön liittyviä ilmaisuja. Ilmaisut on jaettu eri pääteemoihin ja näihin muodostettuihin alateemoihin. Tutkimuksen tuloksina esitetään, minkälainen rooli intuitiolla on rekrytointiprosessin päätöksenteossa. Intuitiolla todetaan olevan suuri rooli prosessin eri vaiheissa, aina hakemusvaiheesta lopulliseen rekrytointipäätökseen. Keskeisinä tuloksina esitetään, että rekrytointiprosessin päätöksenteossa intuitiolla on tärkeä rooli lisätiedon tuottamisessa, rekrytointiprosessin nopeuttajana sekä kustannusten säästäjänä

Ohjeistus autonvalmistajien teknisten infoportaalien käyttöön

Tämän toiminnallisen opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli tehdä ohjeistus autonvalmistajien teknisten infoportaalien käyttöön. Ohjeistuksen oli tarkoitus tuoda esille niitä seikkoja, joiden avulla riippumattomat autokorjaamot voisivat hyödyntää omassa toiminnassaan autonvalmistajien teknisiltä Internet-sivuilta saatavilla olevaa tietoa ja korjausohjeita. Ohjeistus tehtiin tutustumalla eri autonvalmistajien teknisiin infoportaaleihin. Sivustoihin kirjauduttiin käyttäjätunnuksilla, joilla päästiin selailemaan sivustojen kaikkia ominaisuuksia. Sivustojen toimintaan ja ominaisuuksiin tutustuttiin monipuolisesti ja huolellisesti ja niitä käytiin järjestelmällisesti läpi. Ohjeistukseen kerättiin esimerkkejä erilaisista toiminnoista ja kuvia havainnollistamaan sivustojen ulkoasua. Teoriaosuudessa käytiin läpi asiakaspalvelun ja markkinoinnin perusteita. Korjaamotoiminnoista käsiteltiin moottoriajoneuvojen korjausehtoja ja jälkimarkkinoinnin prosessikuvausta. Tietojen saamisen mahdollistavien EU-asetuksien sisältöä tuotiin esille. Työn tulokseksi saatiin kattava selvitys autonvalmistajien teknisten infoportaalien sisällöstä havaintokuvien kanssa. Ohjeistuksessa on erilaisia käytännön ohjeita, joita autokorjaamoiden päivittäisissä toiminnoissa voidaan hyödyntää. Työssä kerrottiin autokorjaamon prosessikuvaus, jota voidaan hyödyntää korjaamon toimintatapoja suunnitellessa. Autonvalmistajien tekniset Internet-sivustot poikkeavat toisistaan jonkin verran. Autonasentajille uusien sivustojen toimintojen opettelu on usein hankalaa. Kaikkia sivustoja ei ole mahdollista käyttää suomen kielellä. Kielivaihtoehtojen puute saattaa osaltaan vähentää sivustojen käyttöä. Tietoa sivustoilla on erittäin paljon tarjolla ja se antaa tulevaisuudessa riippumattomille autokorjaamoille paljon mahdollisuuksia asiakaspalvelun parantamiseen ja korjaamon tuloksen lisäämiseen.The thesis focused on operational aspects and the purpose of study was to create a guide to car manufacturer`s technical information portals. The purpose of the guide is to help an independent car repair shop to use all the information possible from the technical Internet portals. The guide was made by browsing the functions of technical information portals. The information was gathered by logging in to several different technical portals. All the features from the portals were studied properly and thoroughly. Different examples were gathered from the features of the portals and screenshots were used to remark the functions. The basics of customer satisfaction and marketing were reviewed in the theoretical framework. Repairing conditions of the vehicles and process description of the after sales marketing were also reviewed. The EU-regulations which made it possible to get the information from car manufacturers is introduced. The result of the study is a comprehensive guide to car manufacturer`s technical information portals. There are some practical examples of utilizing the information from the portals in an independent car repair shop. Independent car repair shops can use the detailed process description of the after sales marketing to plan their daily operations. There are some differences in the technical information portals between different car manufacturers. To a car mechanic it can be difficult to learn new functions from the portals and in some portals you cannot use Finnish as a language. These are features which may decrease the usage of the portals. There is a lot of information available in the technical portals and in the future it may help an independent car repair shops to improve their customer service and increase their sales profit

Exploring laccase-like multicopper oxidase genes from the ascomycete Trichoderma reesei: a functional, phylogenetic and evolutionary study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The diversity and function of ligninolytic genes in soil-inhabiting ascomycetes has not yet been elucidated, despite their possible role in plant litter decay processes. Among ascomycetes, <it>Trichoderma reesei </it>is a model organism of cellulose and hemicellulose degradation, used for its unique secretion ability especially for cellulase production. <it>T. reesei </it>has only been reported as a cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic organism although genome annotation revealed 6 laccase-like multicopper oxidase (LMCO) genes. The purpose of this work was i) to validate the function of a candidate LMCO gene from <it>T. reesei</it>, and ii) to reconstruct LMCO phylogeny and perform evolutionary analysis testing for positive selection.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>After homologous overproduction of a candidate LMCO gene, extracellular laccase activity was detected when ABTS or SRG were used as substrates, and the recombinant protein was purified to homogeneity followed by biochemical characterization. The recombinant protein, called TrLAC1, has a molecular mass of 104 kDa. Optimal temperature and pH were respectively 40-45°C and 4, by using ABTS as substrate. TrLAC1 showed broad pH stability range of 3 to 7. Temperature stability revealed that TrLAC1 is not a thermostable enzyme, which was also confirmed by unfolding studies monitored by circular dichroism. Evolutionary studies were performed to shed light on the LMCO family, and the phylogenetic tree was reconstructed using maximum-likelihood method. LMCO and classical laccases were clearly divided into two distinct groups. Finally, Darwinian selection was tested, and the results showed that positive selection drove the evolution of sequences leading to well-known laccases involved in ligninolysis. Positively-selected sites were observed that could be used as targets for mutagenesis and functional studies between classical laccases and LMCO from <it>T. reesei</it>.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Homologous production and evolutionary studies of the first LMCO from the biomass-degrading fungus <it>T. reesei </it>gives new insights into the physicochemical parameters and biodiversity in this family.</p

Mechanisms of laccase-mediator treatments improving the enzymatic hydrolysis of pre-treated spruce

Abstract Background The recalcitrance of softwood to enzymatic hydrolysis is one of the major bottlenecks hindering its profitable use as a raw material for platform sugars. In softwood, the guaiacyl-type lignin is especially problematic, since it is known to bind hydrolytic enzymes non-specifically, rendering them inactive towards cellulose. One approach to improve hydrolysis yields is the modification of lignin and of cellulose structures by laccase-mediator treatments (LMTs). Results LMTs were studied to improve the hydrolysis of steam pre-treated spruce (SPS). Three mediators with three distinct reaction mechanisms (ABTS, HBT, and TEMPO) and one natural mediator (AS, that is, acetosyringone) were tested. Of the studied LMTs, laccase-ABTS treatment improved the degree of hydrolysis by 54%, while acetosyringone and TEMPO increased the hydrolysis yield by 49% and 36%, respectively. On the other hand, laccase-HBT treatment improved the degree of hydrolysis only by 22%, which was in the same order of magnitude as the increase induced by laccase treatment without added mediators (19%). The improvements were due to lignin modification that led to reduced adsorption of endoglucanase Cel5A and cellobiohydrolase Cel7A on lignin. TEMPO was the only mediator that modified cellulose structure by oxidizing hydroxyls at the C6 position to carbonyls and partially further to carboxyls. Oxidation of the reducing end C1 carbonyls was also observed. In contrast to lignin modification, oxidation of cellulose impaired enzymatic hydrolysis. Conclusions LMTs, in general, improved the enzymatic hydrolysis of SPS. The mechanism of the improvement was shown to be based on reduced adsorption of the main cellulases on SPS lignin rather than cellulose oxidation. In fact, at higher mediator concentrations the advantage of lignin modification in enzymatic saccharification was overcome by the negative effect of cellulose oxidation. For future applications, it would be beneficial to be able to understand and modify the binding properties of lignin in order to decrease unspecific enzyme binding and thus to increase the mobility, action, and recyclability of the hydrolytic enzymes

Building transformative capacity towards active sustainable transport in urban areas – Experiences from local actions in Finland

Recent research has recognised cycling and walking (active transport) as substantial elements contributing to sustainable mobility and public health challenges. There is less knowledge available on the integrated contributions of local-level governance processes and practical implementation of active transport promotion activities. To illustrate comprehensively the contributions of local-level activities, we defined a framework presenting transformative capacity towards active sustainable transport. The framework presents the essential elements and criteria in assessing the level of contributions towards active and sustainable mobility. Previous literature and a case study in six Finnish municipalities comprising interviews and documentary analysis were our primary research data. The Finnish experience shows that local actors can have different, yet successful, approaches in building transformative capacity towards active and sustainable transport.</p

VoxBox: A Tangible Machine that Gathers Opinions from the Public at Events

Gathering public opinions, such as surveys, at events typically requires approaching people in situ, but this can disrupt the positive experience they are having and can result in very low response rates. As an alternative approach, we present the design and implementation of VoxBox, a tangible system for gathering opinions on a range of topics in situ at an event through playful and engaging interaction. We discuss the design principles we employed in the creation of VoxBox and show how they encouraged wider participation, by grouping similar questions, encouraging completion, gathering answers to open and closed questions, and connecting answers and results. We evaluate these principles through observations from an initial deployment and discuss how successfully these were implemented in the design of VoxBox

Shortening of Saccades as a Possible Easy-to-Use Biomarker to Detect Risk of Alzheimer's Disease

Background: Wide-ranging functional defects in eye movements have been reported in Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. The detection of abnormal eye movements and reading problems may identify persons at risk of AD when clear clinical symptoms are lacking. Objective: To examine whether computer-based eye-tracking (ET) analysis of King-Devick (KD) test results differentiates cognitively healthy persons from persons with minor problems in cognitive testing or diagnosed mild AD. Methods: We recruited 78 participants (57 non-demented, 21 with mild AD) who underwent neurological examination, the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease neuropsychological test battery (CERAD-NB), and a Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) interview. The non-demented participants were further divided into control (normal CERAD subtests, mean MMSE= 28) and objective mild cognitive impairment (MCI; decline in at least one CERAD memory score, mean MMSE= 27) groups. The KD reading test was performed using computer-based ET. The total time used for the reading test, errors made, fixation and saccade durations, and saccade amplitudes were analyzed. Results: We found significant differences between the control, objective MCI, and AD groups in regard to the mean saccade amplitude (3.58, 3.33, and 3.21 ms, respectively, p < 0.03) and duration (27.1, 25.3, and 24.8 ms, respectively, p < 0.05). The KD error scores in the AD group differed significantly (p < 0.01) from the other groups. Conclusion: Computed ET analysis of the KD test may help detect persons with objective MCI early when clear clinical symptoms are lacking. The portable device for ET is easy to use in primary health care memory clinics.Peer reviewe