Career guidance as a priority in solving the personnel problem in healthcare

Over the past two decades, the availability of medical personnel in Russia’s healthcare sector has continued to deteriorate. Over the period from 2000 to 2018, it decreased by about 11 % for both doctors and specialists with secondary medical education. This is due to several reasons: the rejection of the previously existing system of training and saturation of the industry with specialists, the unsuccessful optimization of the country’s health system, the lack of attention of the authorities to young professionals, the creation of favorable conditions for them to live and work, etc. An important role is played by insufficient work on career guidance, including in medical specialties with students of General education organizations and the reluctance of medical workers to do this. The article provides recommendations for the organization of career guidance among high school students, describes the forms in which it can be carried out. This includes specialized medical classes, clubs for studying the basics of medical knowledge, and volunteering. The experience of the regional clinical hospital, which for 5 years has been supervising a specialized medical class, 78–96 % of whose graduates have chosen the medical profession is of considerable interest. Teachers of the Novosibirsk Medical College actively work with General education organizations, and therefore the competition among applicants is from 2 people per place in the specialty «Nurse» to 12–14 in the specialties «Pharmacy» and «Orthopedic dentistry». The effectiveness of career guidance largely depends on how systematically and methodically it is carried out. To successfully conduct it, you need to organize a three-level system: career guidance office (level I), career guidance point (level II), career guidance center (level III). The joint work of representatives of General education and medical organizations, medical schools, will help to ensure that school graduates will come to medicine, confident in the correctness of their chosen profession. After graduation, they will return to their native land, to their familiar environment, and with a high degree of probability will remain there forever

(Table 2) Oxygen, carbon, and strontium isotopic composition of carbonate-brucite material from the Lost City hydrothermal field

The isotopic (dD, d18O, d13C, and 87Sr/86Sr) and geochemical characteristics of hydrothermal solutions from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the material of brucite-carbonate chimneys at the Lost City hydrothermal field at 30°N, MAR, were examined to assay the role of the major factors controlling the genesis of the fluid and hydrothermal chimneys of the Lost City field. The values of dD and d18O in fluid samples indicates that solutions at the Lost City field were produced during the serpentinization of basement ultramafic rocks at temperatures higher than 200°C and at relatively low fluid/rock ratios (<1). The active role of serpentinization processes in the genesis of the Lost City fluid also follows from the results of the electron-microscopic studying of the material of hydrothermal chimneys at this field. The isotopic (d18O, d13C, and 87Sr/86Sr) and geochemical (Sr/Ca and REE) signatures indicate that, before its submarine discharging at the Lost City field, the fluid filtered through already cold altered outer zones of the Atlantis Massif and cooled via conductive heat loss. During this stage, the fluid could partly dissolve previously deposited carbonates in veins cutting serpentinite at the upper levels of the Atlantis Massif and the carbonate cement of sedimentary breccias underlying the hydrothermal chimneys. Because of this, the age of modern hydrothermal activity at the Lost City field can be much younger than 25 ka

10-Dimethylamino Derivatives of Benzo[<i>h</i>]quinoline and Benzo[<i>h</i>]quinazolines: Fluorescent Proton Sponge Analogues with Opposed <i>peri</i>-NMe₂/–N Groups. How to Distinguish between Proton Sponges and Pseudo-Proton Sponges

For the first time, 10-dimethylamino derivatives of benzo­[<i>h</i>]­quinoline <b>6</b> and benzo­[<i>h</i>]­quinazoline <b>7a</b>–<b>e</b> as mixed analogues of archetypal 1,8-bis­(dimethylamino)­naphthalene (“proton sponge”) <b>1</b> and quino­[7,8-<i>h</i>]­quinoline <b>2a</b> have been examined. Similar to <b>1</b> and <b>2</b>, compounds <b>6</b> and <b>7</b> display rather high basicity, forming chelated monocations. At the same time, unexpected specifics of the protonated NMe₂/N systems consist of a strong shift of the NH proton to the 10-NMe₂ group, contrary to the “aniline–pyridine” basicity rule. In case of <b>4H</b>^<b>+</b>, a rapid migration (in the NMR time scale) of the NH proton between two nitrogen atoms along the N–H···N hydrogen bond was registered at room temperature and frozen below −30 °C with the proton fixed on the NMe₂ group. Two different approaches for classification of strong neutral nitrogen organic bases as proton sponges (kinetically inert compounds) or pseudo-proton sponges (kinetically active) are discussed. On this basis, benzoquinoline <b>6</b> was identified as staying closer to pseudo-proton sponges while <b>7a</b>–<b>e</b> to proton sponges due to the presence in their molecules of bulky substituents in the pyrimidine ring. Other remarkable peculiarities of <b>6</b> and <b>7</b> are their yellow color and luminescence in the visible region distinguishing them from colorless <b>1</b> and <b>2a</b>