Assessing the content of a package of SGT-151 sold online

Abstract in proceedings of the Fourth International Congress of CiiEM: Health, Well-Being and Ageing in the 21st Century, held at Egas Moniz’ University Campus in Monte de Caparica, Almada, from 3–5 June 2019.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Toxicity of synthetic cannabinoids is increasing along with the regulatory measures taken for their control

Abstract in proceedings of the Fourth International Congress of CiiEM: Health, Well-Being and Ageing in the 21st Century, held at Egas Moniz’ University Campus in Monte de Caparica, Almada, from 3–5 June 2019.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Anxiety impact during COVID-19: a systematic review

Introduction: The COVID-19 epidemic has been causing serious physical, but also psychological effects in society. This systematic review sought to identify studies that describe COVID-19 related anxiety, and to understand the impact of anxiety assessment in defining strategies to be implemented in future studies.Methodology: This systematic review included cross-sectional studies with no publication year limit. It was performed a systematic search through three databases, namely, PubMed, Science Direct and Web of Science using the descriptors “COVID-19” and “anxiety”. PRISMA criteria reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses were applied. Eligible articles were selected in accordance with inclusion and exclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria were: research articles related with anxiety measurement during the COVID-19 outbreak; interventions to reduce anxiety; and published in English.Results: From 44 references, just four scientific articles were accepted for inclusion within this review. These studies were analyzed regarding their sample, methodology, instruments used, and its results.Conclusions: This systematic review was based on published data at the onset of the pandemic, and it could serve as a basis for the development of implementations plans to improve anxiety disorders. The importance of this theme, the implications and potential directions for future investigations will be discussed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Recreio : organização do espaço e as interações: a atividade lúdica e o recreio escolar nas aprendizagens das crianças do 1º ciclo de ensino básico

O presente Relatório Final de Estágio encontra-se dividido em duas partes distintas: as reflexões críticas das práticas em contexto e o trabalho de investigação. Na primeira parte é apresentada uma apreciação crítica das práticas em contexto prático, nomeadamente na educação pré-escolar e do ensino do 1.º CEB. Na segunda parte damos a conhecer o trabalho de investigação, baseado num estudo de natureza qualitativa realizado no contexto de 1.º CEB que visa conhecer e compreender a atividade lúdica e de autoformação nas aprendizagens das crianças do 1.º CEB. Para o efeito, recorremos a autores de referência e à legislação em vigor, assim como em termos empíricos, às respostas aos questionários dirigidos aos professores do 1.º CEB. O lúdico é considerado uma forma de proporcionar prazer, utilizando o imaginário e a criatividade nas várias formas de brincadeiras e jogos. Este estudo teve como objetivo principal, analisar o lúdico como auxílio pedagógico na formação das crianças enquanto seres em “construção” permanente. O brincar e o jogar são atividades fundamentais para o desenvolvimento da identidade e da autonomia do ser em desenvolvimento. A forma lúdica como a criança se insere no espaço de recreio, reflete a sua forma de pensar, agir e sentir. Nas brincadeiras as crianças desenvolvem capacidades importantes de atenção, memória e imaginação. Visto que os jogos e as brincadeiras são experiências que se correlacionam ao ambiente escolar, procuramos respaldar em embasamentos teóricos, através de pesquisas bibliográficas, observações e entrevista a professores, sobre a importância do lúdico em espaço de recreio para as aprendizagens das crianças do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico (1ºCEB) e a forma como os professores vêem o espaço de recreio, como fundamental para as aprendizagens das crianças do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico. As opiniões dos professores foram analisadas, procedendo-se a uma análise de conteúdo com categorias definidas a posteriori. O corpus deste estudo foi constituído pela transcrição das entrevistas efetuadas. No âmbito do estudo os resultados encontrados apontam para o seguinte conjunto de principais conclusões: O brincar está profundamente ligado à aprendizagem, principalmente nos primeiros anos, e é através dos brinquedos e das brincadeiras que a criança descobre o seu papel no mundo. O recreio constitui-se como um dos espaços da escola que mais atrai as crianças, porque proporciona momentos de lazer e convívio. Constitui, por isso, um local onde a socialização adquire particular relevância tanto pela interação entre pares como pela interação com os adultos. As brincadeiras permitem diagnosticar, avaliar e elaborar estratégias para o desenvolvimento de uma aprendizagem significativa, prazerosa e cooperativa.This Final Report is divided into two distinct parts: the critical reflections of the practices in real life context and the investigation process. The first part presents a critical appraisal of practices in real life context, namely in pre-school education and primary education. The second part presents the investigation based on a qualitative study carried out in the context of primary education, which aims to understand playing and self-learning in the education of children. As such, we refer to well-known authors and existing legislation, as well as, in empirical terms, questionnaires answered by primary school education teachers. Playing is considered a way to provide pleasure, using imagery and creativity in various forms of games. The main goal of this study is to analyse playing as a pedagogical aid in the education of children as human beings in permanent “construction”. Playing is a fundamental activity in developing identity and autonomy in every human being. The way a child enters the playground reflects his or her way of thinking, acting and feeling. It’s in playing that children develop important attention, memory and imagination abilities. Since games are experiences that correlate with the school environment, theoretical bases were supported with bibliographical research, observations and interviews with teachers about the importance of the playground in primary school education. The teachers' opinions were analysed, and a content analysis was carried out with categories defined posteriarly. The corpus of this study was constituted by the transcription of the interviews carried out. The results point to the following set of main conclusions: Playing is deeply connected to learning, especially in early years, and it’s through playing that the child discovers his role in the world. In school, the playground is the place that most attracts the children, because it provides moments of leisure and companionship. It is, therefore, a place where socialisation acquires particular relevance both through interaction between peers and through interaction with adults. Playing allows to diagnose, evaluate and elaborate strategies for the development of meaningful, pleasant and cooperative learning

Microplastics and copper induce apoptosis, alter neurocircuits, and cause behavioral changes in zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain

The knowledge regarding the neurological and behavioral toxic effects associated with microplastics (MPs) and heavy metals exposure is still scarce. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential chronic (30 days) toxic effects of MPs (2 mg/L) and copper (Cu, 25 μg/L), alone or combined, in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain antioxidant system, cell proliferation/death, cholinergic-, serotonergic- and dopaminergic pathways and, consequently, in locomotor, anxiety, and social behaviors. Our findings showed that MPs and Cu exposure modulated the antioxidant system of zebrafish brain, with superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) having higher activity in the Cu25 +MPs group, but glutathione peroxidase (GPx) being inhibited in MPs, Cu25 and Cu25 +MPs. Moreover, an increase in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was observed in all exposed groups. When considering neurogenesis genes, a downregulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna) was noticed in zebrafish exposed to the mixture treatment, while for dopaminergic system-related genes (th and slc6a3) an upregulation was observed in MPs, Cu25 and Cu25 +MPs groups. An increase in apoptosis-related genes expression (casp8, casp9 and casp3) was observed in the MPs exposed group. Changes in zebrafish behavior, particularly in mean speed, total distance moved, inactivity in the aquaria, and social/shoaling behavior was also observed in the MPs and Cu exposed groups. Overall, our results highlight the multiplicity of toxic effects of MPs, alone or combined with Cu, in zebrafish brain, namely apoptosis and alterations in adult neurogenesis, neurocircuits and, consequently, behavior.Versión del editor2,29

Kaolin Application Modulates Grapevine Photochemistry and Defence Responses in Distinct Mediterranean-Type Climate Vineyards

At a local scale, kaolin particle-film technology is considered a short-term adaptation strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of global warming on viticulture. This study aims to evaluate kaolin application effects on photochemistry and related defence responses of Touriga Franca (TF) and Touriga Nacional (TN) grapevines planted at two Portuguese winegrowing regions (Douro and Alentejo) over two summer seasons (2017 and 2018). For this purpose, chlorophyll a fluorescence transient analysis, leaf temperature, foliar metabolites, and the expression of genes related to heat stress (VvHSP70) and stress tolerance (VvWRKY18) were analysed. Kaolin application had an inhibitory effect on VvHSP70 expression, reinforcing its protective role against heat stress. However, VvWRKY18 gene expression and foliar metabolites accumulation revealed lower gene expression in TN-treated leaves and higher in TF at Alentejo, while lipid peroxidation levels decreased in both treated varieties and regions. The positive kaolin effect on the performance index parameter (PIABS) increased at ripening, mainly in TN, suggesting that stress responses can differ among varieties, depending on the initial acclimation to kaolin treatment. Moreover, changes on chlorophyll fluorescence transient analysis were more pronounced at the Douro site in 2017, indicating higher stress severity and impacts at this site, which boosted kaolin efficiency in alleviating summer stress. Under applied contexts, kaolin application can be considered a promising practice to minimise summer stress impacts in grapevines grown in Mediterranean-like climate regions

Kaolin spray induces changes in ABA and IAA immunodistribution in olive leaves.

The climate change scenarios predicted the accentuation of drought and high temperature events during the summer season in the Mediterranean region, coming up harmful consequences to important crops of this region, such as olive tree (Olea europaea L.). Stress conditions often stimulate changes in plants production, distribution or signal transduction of phytohormones as a response, then modifying their physiology and biochemistry. Kaolin (KL) is a reflecting clay that applied on leaves surface reduce the common damages promoted by heat load and high irradiance levels, being important to test its effect on olive tree hormonal dynamics and physiological parameters. Olive trees of a rainfed orchard in Northeast Portugal, were sprayed with kaolin 5% (KL) and water (C). The immunodistribution of two hormones, abscisic acid (ABA) and indoleacetic acid (IAA), and some physiological and growth responses were accessed. The ABA signal was substantially more pronounced than the IAA signal in all the analyzed leaves, concomitant with the stressful conditions of which these plants were subjected. In general, ABA signal showed a uniform distribution throughout the leaf in both treatments. However, its intensity was higher in C than in KL-sprayed leaves, reflecting the better water status and higher stomatal conductance of the last plants. While in C leaves was observed a uniform distribution of IAA signal trough the leaf limb and an almost absence of signal in the main vascular tissues, in KL-sprayed leaves was observed a higher signal intensity in the main vascular tissues and upper palisade parenchyma. These data suggest its transport and an active growth in KL plants, concomitant with the higher increase of canopy volume. Thus, immunodetection appears to be an efficient tool to understand the translocation of IAA and ABA in plants treated with abiotic stress alleviating products and clarify their role in regulating the physiological responses.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Kaolin and salicylic acid alleviate summer stress effects on rainfed olive orchards through distinct physiological and biochemical processes

In a changing world, the search for new agronomic practices that help crops to maintain and/or increase yields and quality is a continuous challenge. Olive trees cultivated under rainfed conditions were sprayed with 5% kaolin (KL) and 100 μM salicylic acid (SA) during two consecutive years in the beginning of the summer season. Exogenous KL enhanced relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance (gs) net photosynthesis (A) and IAA immunodetection, and decreased leaf sclerophylly, secondary metabolites and non-structural carbohydrates accumulation, ABA signal and DNA methylation, contributing to higher growth and yield. The plants treated with SA showed an enhancement in RWC, gs, A, soluble proteins, IAA, ABA and DNA methylation immunodetection and leaf P and Mg concentrations during the summer, leading to higher yield. Thus, KL and SA alleviated some of the negative effects induced by summer stress in olive tree performance, allowing a faster restauration of the physiological functions during the stress relief and leading to higher yieldsThis work was funded by the INTERACT project – “Integrative Research in Environment, Agro-Chains and Technology”, no. NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000017, in its lines of research entitled ISAC, co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through NORTE 2020 (North Regional Operational Program 2014/2020).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Use of kaolin as a reflective clay improves olive tree physiological and yield responses under different environmental conditions

Olive tree (Olea europaea L.) growing area is threatened by the current and predicted adverse environmental conditions, affecting negatively plant performance and yield. Thus, agronomic strategies to offset those negative effects and improve olive orchards sustainability need to be implemented. In this regard, we propose the use of kaolin particle film, a natural heat and irradiance reflecting clay. To achieve a more comprehensive response about kaolin (5%) action, during two consecutive years we performed two different experiments, in different geographical locations of Portugal north-west with “Cobrançosa” cultivar: established olive trees under conventional rainfed conditions and under deficit irrigation (27.5% of ETc). Generally, during the summer period, kaolin was effective in improving water status and photosynthetic response, by reducing both stomatal and non-stomatal limitations. Moreover, improved leaf gas exchange restauration after the first rains persists during the winter months in rainfed conditions. Kaolin also reduces leaf sclerophylly, inducing shade-related leaf characteristics. As a result of better physiological performance achieved with kaolin application, yield increased 97% and 54.6% in rainfed and deficit irrigation conditions, respectively. Overall, the results of the present investigation revealed a cost-effective strategy to attenuate the negative effects of summer stress in olive trees, while allows to save water. Ultimately, this practice might contribute to increase the sustainability and competitiveness of this sector and anticipate solutions to the negative effects of climate change.This work was funded by the INTERACT project – “Integrative Research in Environment, Agro-Chains and Technology”, no. NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000017, in its line of research entitled ISAC, co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through NORTE 2020 (North Regional Operational Program 2014/2020).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Fruit yield and quality of olives under different deficit irrigation strategies

The Mediterranean Basin is a climate change hot spot where substantial warming and lower water availability is predicted. This scenario poses considerable challenges to olive groves, a crop with great ecological and socioeconomic importance. ln order to overcome these constrains, new cropping practices focusing on water use efficiency must be investigated. ln this work we aimed to investigate water management practices that can ensure the adequate compromise between yield and the quality of olive products. The study was conducted in Quinta do Prado, Lodões, Vila Flor (41 °20'13.3"N, 7°05'54.2"W) and a full irrigation (FI) control, applied daily, equivalent to 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc), was compared with three deficit irrigation strategies (DIS): regulated deficit irrigation (RDI; 80% of ETc in phases I and III of fruit growth and 10% of ETc in pit hardening stage, phase TI; 56 % of the ETc in all season), sustained deficit irrigation (SDI; 27.5% of ETc), and sustained deficit irrigation adopted by the farmer (SDIAF; 21.2% of ETc, applied weekly). The impact of treatments on fruit yield and quality during 2016 were evaluated. Using FI treatment as reference, no significant influence of RDI and SDI treatments were felt in crop yield, while the SDlAF treatment reduced it significantly (P<O.Ol ). Fruit quality analysis showed that the SDI treatment Ied to higher antioxidant activity than in FI and SDIAF treatments. However, the SDIAF strategy led to higher accumulation of both total phenols and flavonoids (P<O.Ol ). The fruit fat content was significantly higher in deficit irrigation treatments, when compared to the FI treatment. lrrigation treatments also induced changes in fruit fatty acids profile (P<O.OOl) since palmitoleic acid (C16:1) decreased in the deficit irrigation treatments, linoleic acid (Cl8:2) decreased in the SDIAF treatment, and linolenic acid (C18:3) decreased in RDI and SDI treatments. Except for SDIAF, despite the great disparity in the amount of water used among treatments, there were no significant differences in fruit production. Hence, with an increase of 30% in water consumption, changing from the SDlAF to the SDl treatment, this particular farmer can increase the orchard production, without losing fruit fat content and antioxidant capacity. This work gives new insights about the effect of DlS when used in olive orchards and might help to illustrate the sustainability of these management practices.To Anabela Fernandes-Silva for the calculation of ETc. This work was funded by the INTERACT project- "Integrati ve Research in Environment, Agm·Chaius and Technology", no. NORTE-01-0 145 -FEDER-000017, in its lines of research entitled TS AC, co-financied by the European Regional Devdopment Fund (ERDF) through NORTE 2020 (North Regional Operational Program 201412020). SM (PD/BD/135327/2017), EM (PD/BD/128274/2017), CB (PD/BD/52543/2014), LR (PD/BD/113612/2015) and lP (PD/BD/113611/2015) acknowledge the financial support provided by the FCT-Portut,'Uese Fow1dation for Scienco and Technology, underthe Doctoral Programm Agricultural Production Chains- from fork to farm" (PD/00122/2012)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio