Pacientes coronarios hablando de riesgos nutricionales: etiquetado NutriScore y máquinas de «vending»

This study analyzes discourses of a sample of coronary patients (N = 12) after attending a planned cardiac rehabilitation program. Through two focus groups as research technique, a qualitative study is carried out. The objective of this study was twofold. First, to know to what extent the participants had information about the new nutritional labeling and the key factors pursued by Spanish Law 17/2011, of July 5th, on food safety. Second, to assess adherence to the educational lectures within the cardiac rehabilitation program, to know their opinion about the contents of the vending machines in hospitals, and to identify their advices/suggestions in order to improve the quality of the care services they receive. The results show the importance of reinforcing educational programs aimed at patients so they can choose a more adaptive behavior in terms of adopting a heart-healthy diet by assuming a more active role in their recoveryEste estudio analiza los discursos de una muestra de pacientes coronarios (N = 12) que asisten a un programa de rehabilitación cardíaca. A través de dos grupos focales cómo técnica de investigación se realiza un estudio de metodología cualitativa. Este trabajo tenía dos objetivos principales: en primer lugar, conocer cuánta información manejaban los participantes acerca del nuevo etiquetado nutricional y las claves que perseguía la ley 17/ 2011, de 5 de julio, de seguridad alimentaria. En segundo lugar, valorar la adherencia a las charlas educativas del programa de rehabilitación cardiaca, conocer su opinión acerca del contenido de las máquinas de "vending" de los hospitales y plasmar sus consejos y/o sugerencias a la hora de poder mejorar la calidad de la atención recibida. Los resultados muestran la importancia de seguir reforzando la educación para que los pacientes puedan optar por una conducta más adaptativa en cuanto a la adopción de una dieta cardiosaludable y asuman un papel más activo en su recuperación

Assessing quality of life in people with HIV in Spain: psychometric testing of the Spanish version of WHOQOL-HIV-BREF

BACKGROUND: The assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in people living with HIV (PLHIV) has become crucial to evidence-based practice. The goals of this study are to analyze the psychometric properties and evidence of the validity of the Spanish version of WHOQOL-HIV-BREF in a sample of PLHIV in Spain and to examine the more impaired HRQoL facets and dimensions and identify the PLHIV who show the most vulnerable profile. METHODS: A total of 1462 PLHIV participated in an observational cross-sectional ex-post-facto study. Data were collected at 33 Spanish sites through an online survey. In addition to measuring HRQoL, the study used other tools to measure treatment adherence (CEAT-VIH 2.0 version), psychological well-being (GHQ-12) and HIV-related stigma (HSSS). Cronbach's alpha, first- and second-order confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the Pearson coefficient and one-way ANOVA were used to evaluate reliability, construct validity and concurrent and known-group validity, respectively. Differences according to the socio-demographic and epidemiological profiles of participants were analyzed. RESULTS: First- and second-order CFAs confirmed a six-domain first-order structure of the Spanish version of WHOQOL-HIV-BREF and one second-order factor related to overall HRQoL with an acceptable fit to the data, although some minor changes would improve it. The six-domain structure showed an acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha ranged from .61 to .81). Significant moderate to large correlations between domains and overall HRQoL, adherence, psychological well-being and negative self-image were found. Significant differences were found according to participants' self-reported CD4+ cell count in several HRQoL facets and domains. Being female, heterosexual, having low socio-economic and educational statuses, having acquired HIV through an unsafe injection and living more years with HIV were related to poorer HRQoL. PLHIV older than 50 presented lower scores in 19 HRQoL facets. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that the Spanish version of the WHOQOL-HIV-BREF is a valid instrument. It also presents the most recent data about HRQoL in PLHIV in Spain with the largest sample to date.This study was funded by ViiV Healthcare (www.viivhealthcare.com). Study Number: SEISIDA 001/2016. ViiV Healthcare was involved in the study design and preparation of the manuscript, without influencing the data collection and analysis or the decision to publish. All listed authors meet the criteria for authorship set forth by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. All authors had full access to the data and are responsible for the veracity and completeness of the reported data.S

CUIQ. A theory of planned behavior questionnaire to measure cannabis use intentions amongst European teenagers

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Prevalence and patterns of illicit drug use in people living with HIV in Spain: A cross-sectional study

This study assessed the prevalence and patterns of drug use among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Spain. We conducted an observational cross-sectional study including 1401 PLHIV. Data were collected through 33 sites across Spain using an online computer-assisted self-administered interview. The survey measured use of illicit drugs and other substances, treatment adherence and health-related variables. To analyse patterns of drug use we performed cluster analysis in two stages. The most frequently consumed substances were: alcohol (86.7%), tobacco (55.0%), illicit drugs (49.5%), other substances (27.1%). The most prevalent illicit drugs used were cannabis (73.8%), cocaine powder (53.9%), and poppers (45.4%). Results found four clusters of PLHIV who used drugs. Two of them were composed mainly of heterosexuals (HTX): Cluster 1 (n = 172) presented the lowest polydrug use and they were mainly users of cannabis, and Cluster 2 (n = 84) grouped mostly men who used mainly heroin and cocaine; which had the highest percentage of people who inject drugs and presented the lowest level of treatment adherence (79.8±14.2; p < .0001). The other two clusters were composed mainly of men who have sex with men (MSM), who were mostly users of recreational drugs. Cluster 3 (n = 285) reported moderate consumption, both regarding frequency and diversity of drugs used, while Cluster 4 (n = 153) was characterized by the highest drug polyconsumption (7.4±2.2; p < .0001), and 4 grouped MSM who injected recreational drugs, and who reported the highest frequency of use of drugs in a sexual context (2.6±0.8; p < .0001) and rates of sexually transmitted infections (1.8±1.1; p < .01). This is the largest multi-centre cross-sectional study assessing the current prevalence and patterns of drug use among PLHIV in Spain. The highest prevalence of drug use was found among MSM, although HTX who used heroin and cocaine (Cluster 2) had the most problems with adherence to HIV treatment and the worst health status.This study was funded by ViiV Healthcare (grant nº: SEISIDA 001/2016). SC is Medical Manager at ViiV Healthcare. ViiV Healthcare was the promoter of the study but they did not play any role in data collection and analysis.S

El perfil psicosocial del emprendedor: un estudio desde la perspectiva de género

Previous studies have shown that there are gender differences in the entrepreneur’s psychological profile (Moriano, 2005). Adopting the perspective of the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991) and the individualistic and collectivist values (Schwartz et al., 2001), the differential impact of gender on the entrepreneurial intention of a group of university students in northern Portugal is analyzed. The results show that there are differences: for women, self-efficacy, attitude, subjective norms and the entrepreneurial family have a significant influence on the intention to start-up, and values such as benevolence have a negative effect, while for men the entrepreneurial self-efficacy has positive and significant effects. These results may have important implications for the design of differentiated entrepreneurial educational programs.Se ha demostrado que existen diferencias en el perfil psicosocial de la persona emprendedora en función del género (Moriano, 2005). Adoptando la perspectiva de la teoría de la acción planificada (Ajzen, 1991) y la perspectiva de los valores individualistas y colectivistas (Schwartz et al., 2001), se analiza el efecto diferencial del género sobre la intención de emprender de un grupo de estudiantes universitarios del norte de Portugal. Los resultados muestran que existen diferencias: para las mujeres la autoeficacia, la actitud, la normas ubjetiva y tener familia empresaria tienen una influencia significativa en la intención de emprender, y valores como la benevolencia influyen negativamente, mientras que para los hombres influye positiva y significativamente la autoeficacia emprendedora. Estos resultados pueden tener importantes implicaciones en el diseño de programas diferenciados de educación emprendedora

Expression of an scFv antibody fragment in Nicotiana benthamiana and in vitro assessment of its neutralizing potential against the snake venom metalloproteinase BaP1 from Bothrops asper

Human accidents with venomous snakes represent an overwhelming public health problem, mainly in rural populations of underdeveloped countries. Their high incidence and the severity of the accidents result in 81,000 to 138,000 deaths per year. The treatment is based on the administration of purified antibodies, produced by hyper immunization of animals to generate immunoglobulins (Igs), and then obtained by fractionating hyper immune plasma. The use of recombinant antibodies is an alternative to conventional treatment of snakebite envenoming, particularly the Fv fragment, named the single-chain variable fragment (scFv). We have produced recombinant single chain variable fragment scFv against the venom of the pit viper Bothrops asper at high levels expressed transiently and stably in transgenic plants and in vitro cultures that is reactive to BaP1 (a metalloproteinase from B. asper venom). The yield from stably transformed plants was significantly (p > 0.05) higher than the results in from transient expression. In addition, scFvBaP1 yields from systems derived from stable transformation were: transgenic callus 62 μg/g (±2); biomass from cell suspension cultures 83 μg/g (±0.2); culture medium from suspensions 71.75 mg/L (±6.18). The activity of scFvBaP1 was confirmed by binding and neutralization of the fibrin degradation induced by BnP1 toxins from B. neuwiedi and by Atroxlysin Ia from B. atrox venoms. In the present work, we demonstrated the potential use of plant cells to produce scFvBaP1 to be used in the future as a biotechnological alternative to horse immunization protocols to produce anti-venoms to be used in human therapy against snakebites.Fil: Gomes, Marinna. Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; BrasilFil: Alvarez, Maria Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Maimónides; ArgentinaFil: Quellis, Leonardo Ramos. Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; BrasilFil: Laguía Becher, Melina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Maimónides; ArgentinaFil: Castro, Juciane Maria de Andrade. Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; BrasilFil: Gameiro, Jacy. Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; BrasilFil: Caporrino, Maria Cristina. Governo do Estado de Sao Paulo. Secretaria da Saude. Instituto Butantan; BrasilFil: Silva, Ana Maria Moura da. Governo do Estado de Sao Paulo. Secretaria da Saude. Instituto Butantan; BrasilFil: Santos, Marcelo de Oliveira. Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; Brasi

Diseño de infografías científicas en el aula a través de herramientas web 3.0 y recursos en abierto

El proyecto que se presenta pretende instruir a estudiantes y profesores en las competencias necesarias para el diseño y elaboración de infografías científicas de contenidos académicos, utilizando para ello herramientas de la web 3.0 disponibles en abierto. Exponer ideas científicas mediante la elaboración de infografías es una realidad que ha llegado ya a todos los hogares gracias a los medios de comunicación: al exponer noticias en papel o en web, los redactores ya no recurren únicamente al texto con imágenes, sino que se valen de elementos infográficos explicativos que ayudan a que el público comprenda mejor la noticia en su dimensión más técnica. Aplicar la metodología de realización de infografías científicas a la práctica docente en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales (Historia del Arte, Historia Moderna, Educación, Psicología, Bellas Artes y Documentación) se presenta no solo como una estrategia útil para que los estudiantes sinteticen las claves de determinados temas, sino también como una herramienta interesante para dotar de competencias de difusión científica a los alumnos, facilitando así su inserción laboral. Asimismo, esta proyecto ha facilitado la conformación de un equipo innovador profundamente interdisciplinar (Historia, Historia del Arte, Psicología, Tecnologías y Bellas Artes) e interinstitucional (UCM, UNED y URJC) con un enorme potencial de cara a futuras propuestas de innovación docente

INFOTIC. Infografías académicas y herramientas de visualización de datos científicos con herramientas TIC: formación docente, diseño de recursos multimedia y experiencias didácticas para la enseñanza semipresencial

El proyecto ha gravitado en torno al uso didáctico de las infografías científicas como una herramienta destinada a la enseñanza semipresencial y telemática, aportando nuevos recursos para estudiantes y docentes y permitiendo implementar dinámicas adaptadas a las nuevas tecnologías. En este sentido, una infografía se puede definir como un conjunto de ideas complejas representadas mediante palabras, imágenes, gráficos, etc., que les confieren un aspecto visualmente atractivo. Las infografías conforman un hilo comunicativo de transmisión de estas ideas gracias al uso de textos informativos, que refuerzan su carácter pedagógico, e imágenes ilustrativas para potenciar la claridad y el dinamismo del mensaje. La visualidad de los datos integrados en las infografías es la característica más destacable de estos recursos, haciéndolas interesantes para su aplicación en la enseñanza y divulgación académica. En el marco de este proyecto, poseen una finalidad eminentemente didáctica, ayudando a que temas complejos puedan ser entendidos por un público no especializado

Propuesta de modelo de reporte corporativo: su impacto y desafíos

La globalización de la economía en general y su efecto en los mercados financieros en particular, ha cambiado el proceso decisorio en el mundo de los negocios. La presente tesis se enmarca en dicho contexto, siendo su objeto el analizar los cambios que se están promoviendo a nivel global en materia de reporte corporativo, comprender cuál es la situación actual en Argentina de acuerdo a los requisitos establecidos por la Comisión Nacional de Valores a las empresas emisoras, así como detallar las oportunidades, desafíos y principales implicancias para las organizaciones a futuro ante los cambios que se proponen frente a un posible nuevo modelo de reporte

Validación del cuestionario de intención emprendedora en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios de Colombia

This paper presents the validation of the Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire (EIQ) in Colombia. This questionnaire, developed and validated in Spain (Rueda, Moriano, & Liñán, 2015), draws on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB, Ajzen, 1991). The TPB is the most widely used model for predicting entrepreneurial intention nowadays. With a sample of 316 Colombian university students, the results of the structural equation modeling confirm that the EIQ has a high reliability and predictive validity of entrepreneurial intentions. The availability of reliable measurement scales validated in different cultural contexts allows comparisons among institutions and/or within an institution along the time (e.g. before and after a course on entrepreneurship). A deep understanding of the psychosocial antecedents (i.e. attitudes toward entrepreneurship, subjective norms, and entrepreneurial self-efficacy) that lead young university students to become entrepreneurs might contribute to a better design of the entrepreneurship education programmes that are being developed from universities and other institutions