Prevalence and associated factors with depression and anxiety in prisoners in South of Brazil

Background: Brazil has the third largest prison population in the world. Research in the world has confirmed a high prevalence of mental disorders in this population. Objective: To identify prevalence and associated factors with depression and anxiety in prisoners of the closed prison system. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with 643 prisoners were interviewed in six prisons in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. To evaluate depression and anxiety, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview 5.0 (MINI) was used and sociodemographic, inprisonment and lifestyle habits variables were also collected. Results: The prevalence of depression found in the study was 20.6% (95% CI: 17.5-23.8) and of anxiety was 19.9% (95% CI: 16.8-23.0). The following were identified as risk factors for depression: being female, having a history of mental illness, non-white skin color, having a religion, not receiving visits, smoking, using drugs and not performing physical activities. Risk factors for anxiety were: being female, having a history of mental illness, a family history of mental illness, smoking and using drugs. Discussion: The study confirmed the high rates of depression and anxiety in the population deprived of liberty. In addition, women were twice as likely to have both disorders compared to men

The insertion of the highway Via Rápida (SC 446) and the challenges of urban expansion and environmental protection between Içara and Criciúma/SC

O mapeamento através de imagens de satélite constitui em um importante instrumento de auxílio relacionado às áreas urbanas e suas respectivas infraestruturas, onde permite-se o tratamento da informação espacial relacionada a estas áreas e suas especificidades de forma ágil e precisa. O objetivo principal deste estudo consistiu na contextualização, mapeamento e análise dos impactos causados pela inserção da rodovia Aristides Bolan, mais conhecida como Via Rápida, entre os municípios de Içara e Criciúma, localizados no estado de Santa Catarina. A obra da rodovia foi inaugurada no dia 20 de dezembro de 2017, por isso, como a construção ainda é recente, percebe-se aos poucos o impacto que a inserção da via gera entre os municípios e nas áreas emergentes. De acordo com o mapeamento e análise das áreas de floresta densa, infraestrura urbana e agricultura e pastagem, constatou-se que a implantação da rodovia implicou, ao longo de sua construção, em uma mudança na paisagem ao qual foi inserida. Considerando os resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que a Via-Rápida, apresenta impactos significativos ao longo dos anos no espaço urbano, podendo ser positivos ou negativos ao meio ambiente. A pesquisa procurou mostrar, que por mais que a rodovia tenha aproximadamente 2 anos de inauguração, ao longo do tempo ela exerceu grande influência sobre as transformações no entorno.El mapeo a través de imágenes satelitales es un importante instrumento de ayuda relacionado con las áreas urbanas y sus respectivas infraestructuras, donde permite el tratamiento de la información espacial relacionada con estas áreas y sus especificidades de una manera ágil y precisa. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue la contextualización, el mapeo y el análisis de los impactos causados por la inserción de la carretera Aristides Bolan, más conocida como la Carretera Rápida, entre los municipios de Içara y Criciúma, ubicados en el estado de Santa Catarina. El trabajo de la carretera se inauguró el 20 de diciembre de 2017, por lo que, como la construcción aún es reciente, el impacto que genera la inserción de la carretera entre los municipios y las áreas emergentes se está percibiendo lentamente. De acuerdo con el mapeo y análisis de áreas de bosques densos, infraestructura urbana y agricultura y pastoreo, se encontró que la implementación de la carretera implicó, durante su construcción, un cambio en el paisaje en el que se insertó. Teniendo en cuenta los resultados obtenidos, se concluyó que el Via-Fast, tiene un impacto significativo a lo largo de los años en el espacio urbano, puede ser positivo o negativo para el medio ambiente. La investigación buscó demostrar que, aunque la carretera tiene aproximadamente 2 años de inauguración, con el tiempo ha tenido una gran influencia en las transformaciones en los alrededores.Mapping through satellite images is an important aid instrument related to urban areas and their respective infrastructures, where it allows the treatment of spatial information related to these areas and their specificities in an agile and precise way. The main objective of this study was the contextualization, mapping and analysis of the impacts caused by the insertion of the Aristides Bolan highway, better known as the highway, between the municipalities of Içara and Criciúma, located in the state of Santa Catarina. The highway work was inaugurated on December 20, 2017, so, as the construction is still recent, the impact that the insertion of the road generates between the municipalities and the emerging areas is slowly being perceived. According to the mapping and analysis of dense forest areas, urban infrastructure and agriculture and pasture, it was found that the implementation of the highway implied, during its construction, a change in the landscape to which it was inserted. Considering the results obtained, it was concluded that the Via-Fast, has significant impacts over the years in the urban space, can be positive or negative to the environment. The research sought to show that, although the highway has approximately 2 years of inauguration, over time it has had a major influence on the transformations in the surroundings

Molecular phylogenetic relationships and phenotypic diversity in miniaturized toadlets, genus Brachycephalus (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephalidae)

Toadlets of the genus Brachycephalus are endemic to the Atlantic rainforests of southeastern and southern Brazil. The 14 species currently described have snout-vent lengths less than 18. mm and are thought to have evolved through miniaturization: an evolutionary process leading to an extremely small adult body size. Here, we present the first comprehensive phylogenetic analysis for Brachycephalus, using a multilocus approach based on two nuclear (Rag-1 and Tyr) and three mitochondrial (Cyt b, 12S, and 16S rRNA) gene regions. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using a partitioned Bayesian analysis of concatenated sequences and the hierarchical Bayesian method (BEST) that estimates species trees based on the multispecies coalescent model. Individual gene trees showed conflict and also varied in resolution. With the exception of the mitochondrial gene tree, no gene tree was completely resolved. The concatenated gene tree was completely resolved and is identical in topology and degree of statistical support to the individual mtDNA gene tree. On the other hand, the BEST species tree showed reduced significant node support relative to the concatenate tree and recovered a basal trichotomy, although some bipartitions were significantly supported at the tips of the species tree. Comparison of the log likelihoods for the concatenated and BEST trees suggests that the method implemented in BEST explains the multilocus data for Brachycephalus better than the Bayesian analysis of concatenated data. Landmark-based geometric morphometrics revealed marked variation in cranial shape between the species of Brachycephalus. In addition, a statistically significant association was demonstrated between variation in cranial shape and genetic distances estimated from the mtDNA and nuclear loci. Notably, B. ephippium and B. garbeana that are predicted to be sister-species in the individual and concatenated gene trees and the BEST species tree share an evolutionary novelty, the hyperossified dorsal plate.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Trato gastrointestinal e a doença de Alzheimer: a influência do segundo cérebro na prevenção e evolução da doença

A Doença de Alzheimer (DA) é a demência mais comum, totalizando cerca de 80% dos diagnósticos de demência, o que leva à estimativa de cerca de 35,6 milhões de pessoas com a DA no mundo e no Brasil, cerca de 1,2 milhão de casos, a maior parte deles ainda sem diagnóstico. Dessa forma, realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura, com o intuito de avaliar a relação do complexo de microrganismos que povoam o trato gastrointestinal e dietas alimentares, de forma preventiva, na Doença neurodegenerativa de Alzheimer. Foi executada uma busca entre os meses de agosto e setembro de 2020, nas seguintes bases de dados: National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health (PUBMED), e Scientific Eletronic Library Online (Scielo) e Google Acadêmico. Os estudos analisados constataram a dieta como um importante fator na prevenção e no tratamento da DA, constatando relação direta entre indicadores nutricionais, IMC, peso e desempenho cognitivo. Além disso foi constatada a contribuição para a redução do risco de desenvolver DA por meio de ajustes modestos na dieta, tais como: suplementação com óleos (de coco isocalórico, mediterrâneo), ômega-3, betaína e alimentação rica em leguminosas, frutas vermelhas, vegetais de folhas verdes escuras, alimentos ricos em proteínas, xantofilas e vitaminas do complexo B. Em paralelo, a microbiota intestinal desempenha papel protetor essencial contra DA e quando alterada pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento da síndrome, seja pelo agravamento da neuro degeneração, seja pelo declínio imunológico e fisiológico. De maneira geral, os estudos revelaram que há relação clara e direta entre a microbiota intestinal, a dieta nutricional e a prevenção e desenvolvimento da doença de Alzheimer. O controle de tais fatores é influente o bastante na modulação do neurodesenvolvimento de forma a contribuir para a desaceleração da doença ou mesmo na prevenção.&nbsp

Gestantes de alto risco: a pré-eclâmpsia, mortalidade materna e perinatal: High-risk pregnant women: pre-eclampsia, maternal and perinatal mortality

Objetivo do estudo: No Brasil a hipertensão gestacional ocupa o segundo lugar no ranking de mortalidade materna e perinatal, diante disto, este estudo tem o objetivo de apresentar a pré-eclâmpsia responsável pela mortalidade materna e perinatal, pela compreensão, investigação e identificação precoce do diagnóstico. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura por meio da coleta dos artigos científicos realizada no mês de março – abril de 2022, a partir dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Resultados e Discussões: É fundamental o acompanhamento precoce da gestante, principalmente quando apresenta critérios que a caracterizam com uma gestante de alto risco, e o enfermeiro deve ser capacitado para acolher, orientar e monitorar as gestantes. Conclusão: Por meio deste estudo, conclui-se que infelizmente a realidade brasileira aponta para um número importante de óbitos maternos por pré-eclâmpsia, por outro lado, ressalta a importância do trabalho da enfermagem neste campo de atuação, fazendo diferença para proporcionar um parto seguro

A project based learning approach for production planning and control : analysis of 45 projects developed by students

The project-based learning (PBL) approach has been a part of the University of Brasilia's programme from the inception of its Industrial Engineering syllabus. Production Systems Project 4 course is one among eight courses that drive the utilization of PBL approach at the curriculum, the subject of this study, in which we present a set of analyses of the projects developed between 2013 and 2016. The projects involved real-world problems, related to public and private sector enterprises in Brazil’s Federal District. The conducted analyses aimed to identify the organizations’ profiles and the PPC (Production Planning and Control) techniques which were used to achieve project objectives. Therefore, statistical analyses were performed, such as Correlation Analysis, Cluster Analysis, as well as qualitative documental analysis. The results of this study indicate the profile of external partners that have the highest probability of achieving satisfactory results, as well as the main planning elements which impact the final grades of the projects

Molecular phylogenetic relationships and phenotypic diversity in miniaturized toadlets, genus Brachycephalus (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephalidae)

Toadlets of the genus Brachycephalus are endemic to the Atlantic rainforests of southeastern and southern Brazil. The 14 species currently described have snout-vent lengths less than 18. mm and are thought to have evolved through miniaturization: an evolutionary process leading to an extremely small adult body size. Here, we present the first comprehensive phylogenetic analysis for Brachycephalus, using a multilocus approach based on two nuclear (Rag-1 and Tyr) and three mitochondrial (Cyt b, 12S, and 16S rRNA) gene regions. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using a partitioned Bayesian analysis of concatenated sequences and the hierarchical Bayesian method (BEST) that estimates species trees based on the multispecies coalescent model. Individual gene trees showed conflict and also varied in resolution. With the exception of the mitochondrial gene tree, no gene tree was completely resolved. The concatenated gene tree was completely resolved and is identical in topology and degree of statistical support to the individual mtDNA gene tree. On the other hand, the BEST species tree showed reduced significant node support relative to the concatenate tree and recovered a basal trichotomy, although some bipartitions were significantly supported at the tips of the species tree. Comparison of the log likelihoods for the concatenated and BEST trees suggests that the method implemented in BEST explains the multilocus data for Brachycephalus better than the Bayesian analysis of concatenated data. Landmark-based geometric morphometrics revealed marked variation in cranial shape between the species of Brachycephalus. In addition, a statistically significant association was demonstrated between variation in cranial shape and genetic distances estimated from the mtDNA and nuclear loci. Notably, B. ephippium and B. garbeana that are predicted to be sister-species in the individual and concatenated gene trees and the BEST species tree share an evolutionary novelty, the hyperossified dorsal plate.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Dental and composite resin discoloration induced by different hydraulic calcium silicate-based cements: two-year in vitro assessment

Few long-term studies assess the discoloration induced by hydraulic calcium silicate-based cement on dental structures. In addition, as far as we know, no long-term study has assessed the discoloration induced by these cement on composite resin. Objective: This in vitro study aimed to assess, during a period of two years, the discoloration potential of different hydraulic calcium silicate-based cements (hCSCs) on the enamel/dentin structure and composite resin restoration. Methodology: A total of 40 enamel/dentin discs were obtained from bovine incisors, and 40 composite resin discs (10 mm in diameter × 2 mm thick) were fabricated. A 0.8 mm-deep cavity was made in the center of each disc and filled with the following hCSCs (n=10): Original MTA (Angelus); MTA Repair HP (Angelus); NeoMTA Plus (Avalon); and Biodentine (Septodont). An initial color measurement was performed (T0 - baseline). After 7, 15, 30, 45, 90, 300 days, and two years, new color measurements were performed to determine the color (ΔE00), lightness (ΔL’), chroma (ΔC’), hue differences (ΔH’), and whiteness index (WID). Results: For enamel/dentin, the ΔE00 was significant among groups and periods (p<0.05). NeoMTA Plus had the greatest ΔE00. The NeoMTA Plus group had the greatest ΔE00 after two years for composite resin. Significant reduction in lightness was observed for all groups after two years (p<0.05). The most significant WID values were observed after 30 days for Biodentine (enamel/dentin) and MTA Repair HP groups (composite resin) (p<0.05). Conclusions: The hCSCs changed the colorimetric behavior of both substrates, leading to greater darkening over time. The Bi2O3 in the Original MTA seems relevant in the short periods of color change assessment