Modeling an Aquifer: Numerical Solution to the Groundwater Flow Equation

We present a model of groundwater dynamics under stationary flow and governed by Darcy's Law of water motion through porous media, we apply it to study a 2D aquifer with water table of constant slope comprised of an homogeneous and isotropic media, the more realistic case of an homogeneous anisotropic soil is also considered. Taking into account some geophysical parameters we develop a computational routine, in the Finite Difference Method, that solves the resulting elliptic partial equation, both in a homogeneous isotropic and homogeneous anisotropic media. After calibration of the numerical model, this routine is used to begin a study of the Ayamonte-Huelva aquifer in Spain, a modest analysis of the system is given, we compute the average discharge vector as well as its root mean square as a first predictive approximation of the flux in this system, providing us a signal of the location of best exploitation; long term goal is to develop a complete computational tool for the analysis of groundwater dynamics.Comment: 13 pages and 12 figure

Diseño de un sistema de gestión de calidad según la norma iso 9001:2000 al sistema de bibliotecas de la Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar

El Diseño del Sistema De Gestión de Calidad según la norma ISO 9001:2000 al Sistema de Bibliotecas de la Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar se inicia con el reconocimiento, su estructura organizacional, direccionamiento estratégico y los servicios que presta, los cuales se encuentran divididos en básicos, especializados, de extensión, culturales y además aquellos que serán ofrecidos en un futuro; con el propósito de tener una apropiación y familiarización del Sistema. Continuando con el desarrollo del Sistema de Gestión de Calidad se analizó la situación actual del Sistema de Bibliotecas basado en los factores internos y externos que intervienen en el desarrollo de las actividades, además se identificó el nivel de satisfacción e insatisfacción de los usuarios y se realizó un diagnostico del cumplimiento de la Biblioteca frente a los requerimientos de la Norma ISO 9001:2000. Se sensibilizó y capacitó al personal de Biblioteca con el fin de concientizarlos en cuanto a la importancia y beneficios que ofrece un Sistema de Gestión de Calidad y así contar con su apoyo en la elaboración del Manual de Calidad, el cual es el soporte de este Sistema. Para finalizar el proyecto se llevó a cabo una Revisión del Sistema por parte de la Dirección, una auditoria interna para evaluar el funcionamiento y cumplimiento y se brindaron unas herramientas de medición para el sostenimiento y mejoramiento del Sistema de Gestión de Calidad.Incluye bibliografí

Sphingosine-1-phosphate activates chemokine-promoted myeloma cell adhesion and migration involving α4β1 integrin function

51 p.-7 fig.-1 tab.-2 fig.supl.Myeloma cell adhesion dependent on α4β1 integrin is crucial for the progression of multiple myeloma (MM). The α4β1-dependent myeloma cell adhesion is up-regulated by the chemokine CXCL12, and pharmacological blockade of the CXCL12 receptor CXCR4 leads to defective myeloma cell homing to bone marrow (BM). Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) regulates immune cell trafficking upon binding to G-protein-coupled receptors. Here we show that myeloma cells express S1P1, a receptor for S1P. We found that S1P up-regulated the α4β1-mediated myeloma cell adhesion and transendothelial migration stimulated by CXCL12. S1P promoted generation of high-affinity α4β1 that efficiently bound the α4β1 ligand VCAM-1, a finding that was associated with S1P-triggered increase in talin-β1 integrin association. Furthermore, S1P cooperated with CXCL12 for enhancement of α4β1-dependent adhesion strengthening and spreading. CXCL12 and S1P activated the DOCK2-Rac1 pathway, which was required for stimulation of myeloma cell adhesion involving α4β1. Moreover, in vivo analyses indicated that S1P contributes to optimizing the interactions of MM cells with the BM microvasculture and for their lodging inside the bone marrow. The regulation of α4β1-dependent adhesion and migration of myeloma cells by CXCL12-S1P combined activities might have important consequences for myeloma disease progressionThis study was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Grant Nos SAF2011-24022 to JT, SAF2009-07035 to AGP, SAF2009-11037 to AH, RD06/0020/0011 to JT and AGP, RD06/0020/0006 to NCG and MG and PI081825 to MG), the Comunidad de Madrid (Grant No. P2010/BMD-2314 to AGP, JT and AH) and the Fundación de Investigación Médica Mutua Madrileña (to AGP and MG). AH was also funded by the FP7-People-2009-RG (Grant No. 246655), a Ramón y Cajal Fellowship (Grant No. RYC-2007-00697) and the Pro-CNIC Foundation.Peer reviewe

La acción tutorial y los estilos de aprendizaje en la enseñanza superior: un planteamiento integrador

Se presenta un planteamiento de acción tutorial integrada para el desarrollo de estilos de aprendizaje, variados y flexibles en la Educación Superior, basado en un proceso de investigación acción colaborativo

Cyclooxygenase-2 polymorphisms confer susceptibility to sarcoidosis but are not related to prognosis

SummaryBackgroundThe aim of this multicenter study was to investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) gene and susceptibility to sarcoidosis, as well as the relation between these SNPs and the evolution of the disease.Material and methodsThis multicenter investigation involved seven hospitals in Spain. We used a case–control design followed by a prospective follow-up study. Sarcoid patients were recruited from the participating institutions during outpatient routine visits. Age- and gender-matched control subjects were recruited mainly from among outpatients attending the participating hospitals. Four SNPs in the COX2 gene (COX2.5909 T > G, COX2.8473 T > C, COX2.926 G > C, and COX2.3050 G > C) were genotyped using fluorescent hybridization probes among 131 patients with sarcoidosis (63 males; mean age: 47 ± 15 years) and 157 healthy controls (83 males; mean age: 50 ± 16 years). We employed a binomial multiple logistic regression analysis to test the association between the selected SNPs and disease susceptibility. The clinical, functional and radiological prognosis of the sarcoidosis patients was determined after a mean follow-up of 37.4 ± 30.4 months.ResultsCarriers of the homozygous CC genotype of the COX2.8473 T > C polymorphism had a higher risk of sarcoidosis compared with TT carriers (OR: 3.08; 95% CI: 1.2–7.7; p = 0.035). 84% of patients achieved improvement or complete remission at follow-up. No association between the investigated SNPs and prognosis was seen.ConclusionsOur data suggest that the homozygous CC genotype of the COX2.8473 T > C polymorphism may be associated with sarcoidosis susceptibility. No significant association with prognosis was detected

Estudios históricos 5 : arquitectura y diseño

1 archivo PDF (174 páginas)"El diseño en el periodo virreinal es un estudio que contempla una revisión histórico-artística de algunos de los acontecimientos más relevantes dentro del desarrollo urbano iberoamericano, por decirlo con un término aglutinador que lo identifique. La visión de un pasado común, con las actuales herramientas metodológicas que la interdisciplinariedad exige, es el resultado de una tarea viva y vigorosa que el presente libro entrega a los estudiosos del tema, fruto del trabajo en equipo del grupo de Historia del Diseño de la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Azcapotzalco"

Association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and waist-to-height ratio among high-risk subjects: the PREDIMED trial.

Trabajo presentado en European Congress of Epidemiology EUROEPI2012, celebrado en Oporto (Portugal) del 05 al 08 de septiembre de 2012.Association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and waist-to-height ratio among high-risk subjects: the PREDIMED trial

Molecular method for the characterization of Coxiella burnetii from clinical and environmental samples: variability of genotypes in Spain

BACKGROUND: Coxiella burnetii is a highly clonal microorganism which is difficult to culture, requiring BSL3 conditions for its propagation. This leads to a scarce availability of isolates worldwide. On the other hand, published methods of characterization have delineated up to 8 different genomic groups and 36 genotypes. However, all these methodologies, with the exception of one that exhibited limited discriminatory power (3 genotypes), rely on performing between 10 and 20 PCR amplifications or sequencing long fragments of DNA, which make their direct application to clinical samples impracticable and leads to a scarce accessibility of data on the circulation of C. burnetii genotypes. RESULTS: To assess the variability of this organism in Spain, we have developed a novel method that consists of a multiplex (8 targets) PCR and hybridization with specific probes that reproduce the previous classification of this organism into 8 genomic groups, and up to 16 genotypes. It allows for a direct characterization from clinical and environmental samples in a single run, which will help in the study of the different genotypes circulating in wild and domestic cycles as well as from sporadic human cases and outbreaks. The method has been validated with reference isolates. A high variability of C. burnetii has been found in Spain among 90 samples tested, detecting 10 different genotypes, being those adaA negative associated with acute Q fever cases presenting as fever of intermediate duration with liver involvement and with chronic cases. Genotypes infecting humans are also found in sheep, goats, rats, wild boar and ticks, and the only genotype found in cattle has never been found among our clinical samples. CONCLUSIONS: This newly developed methodology has permitted to demonstrate that C. burnetii is highly variable in Spain. With the data presented here, cattle seem not to participate in the transmission of C. burnetii to humans in the samples studied, while sheep, goats, wild boar, rats and ticks share genotypes with the human population

Variaciones morfológicas de la concha del mejillón choro, Modiolus capax, en dos poblaciones silvestres del suroeste del Golfo de California: Morphological variations of horsemussel shell, Modiolus capax, in two wild populations at southwestern Gulf of California

La forma y crecimiento de la concha de los moluscos bivalvos varía entre y dentro de cada especie, en respuesta a numerosos factores bióticos y abióticos. Se evaluaron los índices biométricos y relaciones morfométricas de la concha de dos poblaciones del mejillón Modiolus capax en el suroeste del Golfo de California. Se colectaron 60 mejillones de Santa Rosalía (SR) y Bahía de La Paz (LP) en cada estación anual, desde verano 2019 a verano 2020. La temperatura del agua, oxígeno disuelto, pH, profundidad y transparencia se determinaron en cada muestreo por localidad. Los mejillones de SR fueron más grandes y pesados, con la forma de su concha más compacta y convexa. Las interacciones morfométricas de las dimensiones de la concha para las dos poblaciones fueron lineales. Las relaciones de la altura/longitud y altura/ancho de la concha resultaron en un crecimiento relativo de tipo alométrico positivo, mientras que la longitud/ancho de la concha presentó alometría negativa. El mayor coeficiente de correlación se obtuvo para la interacción altura/ancho de la concha en ambas poblaciones. La interacción más fuerte en SR y LP se encontró durante invierno 2019 y otoño 2019, respectivamente. Las relaciones morfométricas para el total de las poblaciones mostraron el mismo patrón que las obtenidas por estación anual. Los resultados revelan diferencias en talla, morfología y morfometría de la concha entre las dos poblaciones de M. capax, lo que refleja una situación de estrés y/o adaptación de la especie a las condiciones de cada lugar

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of IMP-producing Enterobacterales in Spain: Predominance of IMP-8 in Klebsiella pneumoniae and IMP-22 in Enterobacter roggenkampii

Objectives: Little is known about IMP-producing Enterobacterales (IMP-Ent) in Europe. We analyzed at genomic and phenotypic level IMP-Ent isolates circulating in Spain in a 9-year period. Materials and methods: IMP-Ent isolates submitted to our reference laboratory were included. Antibiotic susceptibility was performed using microdilution method (EUCAST), and IMP-carbapenemase activity was measured with carbapenemase inhibitors, the β-CARBA method, the modified Hodge test (MHT), and the modified carbapenemase inhibition method (mCIM). All isolates collected were sequenced for high-resolution single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing, core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST), and resistome analysis. Results: Fifty IMP-Ent isolates, collected from 19 hospitals in 13 Spanish provinces, were detected: Klebsiella pneumoniae (IMP-Kpn) (24; 48%), Enterobacter roggenkampii (13; 26%), Enterobacter hormaechei (8, 16%), Klebsiella oxytoca (two; 4%), Enterobacter asburiae (one, 2%), Serratia marcescens (one; 2%) and Escherichia coli (one; 2%). All isolates were positive by the MHT and β-CARBA tests; 48 (96%) were mCIM positive; 12 (24%) and 26 (52%) displayed positive inhibition with dipicolinic (meropenem) and EDTA (ertapenem), respectively. Five IMP-carbapenemase types were identified: IMP-8 (22; 44%), IMP-22 (17; 34%), IMP-13 (7; 14%), IMP-28 (two; 4%), and IMP-15 (two; 4%), predominating IMP-8 in K. pneumoniae and IMP-22 in E. roggenkampii. IMP-28 was exclusively identified in K. oxytoca and IMP-15 in E. hormaechei. Predominant STs were ST405 (29.2%), ST15 (25%) and ST464 (20.8%) in IMP-Kpn; ST96 (100%) in E. roggenkampii and ST182 (62.5%) in E. hormachei. Colistin and amikacin were the most active non-carbapenem antibiotics against IMP-Ent. Conclusion: IMP-Ent isolates remain infrequent in Spain, although in recent years have been circulating causing nosocomial outbreaks, being IMP-8-producing K. pneumoniae and IMP-22-producing E. roggenkampii the most frequently detected in this study. Inhibition with EDTA or dipicolinic acid presented false negative results in some IMP-producing strains. Active microbiological and molecular surveillance is essential for a better comprehension and control of IMP-Ent dissemination.This research was supported by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (numbers PI18CIII/00030 and PI21CIII/00039). This research was also supported by CIBER-Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CB21/13/00095 and CB21/13/000968), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Unión Europea – NextGenerationEU. This work was supported by Plan Nacional de I + D + i 2013–2016 and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Redes y Centros de Investigación Cooperativa, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16CIII/0004/0002 and REIPI RD16/0016/0007) and co-financed by the European Development Regional Fund (EDRF), “A way to achieve Europe,” Operative program Intelligent Growth, 2014–2020.S