Whipworm infection promotes bacterial invasion, intestinal microbiota imbalance, and cellular immunomodulation

Infections with Trichuris trichiura are among the most common causes of intestinal parasitism in children worldwide, and the diagnosis is based on microscopic egg identification in the chronic phase of the infection. During parasitism, the adult worm of the trichurid nematode maintains its anterior region inserted in the intestinal mucosa, which causes serious damage and which may open access for gut microorganisms through the intestinal tissue. The immune-regulatory processes taking place during the evolution of the chronic infection are still not completely understood. By use of the Swiss Webster outbred mouse model, mice were infected with 200 eggs, and tolerance to the establishment of a chronic Trichuris muris infection was induced by the administration of a short pulse of dexamethasone during nematode early larval development. The infected mice presented weight loss, anemia, an imbalance of the microbiota, and intense immunological cell infiltration in the large intestine. It was found that mice have a mixed Th1/Th2/Th17 response, with differences being found among the different anatomical locations. After 45 days of infection, the parasitism induced changes in the microbiota composition and bacterial invasion of the large intestine epithelium. In addition, we describe that the excretory-secretory products from the nematode have anti-inflammatory effects on mouse macrophages cultured in vitro, suggesting that T. muris may modulate the immune response at the site of insertion of the worm inside mouse tissue. The data presented in this study suggest that the host immune state at 45 days postinfection with T. muris during the chronic phase of infection is the result of factors derived from the worm as well as alterations to the microbiota and bacterial invasion. Taken together, these results provide new information about the parasite-host-microbiota relationship and open new treatment possibilities.Fil: Schachter, Julieta. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: De Oliveira, Dayane Alvarinho. Universidade do Estado de Rio do Janeiro; BrasilFil: Da Silva, Camila Marques. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: De Barros Alencar, Alba Cristina Miranda. Hospital Universitario Antonio Pedro; BrasilFil: Duarte, Michelle. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Müller Pereira da Silva, Matheus. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: De Paula Rosa Ignácio, Ana Claudia. Universidade do Estado de Rio do Janeiro; BrasilFil: Lopes Torres, Eduardo José. Universidade do Estado de Rio do Janeiro; Brasi

O IMPACTO DOS CENTROS DE MATERIAL E ESTERILIZAÇÃO NA SEGURANÇA E QUALIDADE DOS SERVIÇOS DE SAÚDE

The CME is the functional unit of the hospital environment responsible for processing the critical, semi-critical and non-critical PPS, subject to processing. The study aims to address the main aspects related to Sterile Material Centers and their impact on the safety and quality of health services. This is an integrative literature review, the search for study materials was carried out in June 2023 in the databases: LILACS, SciELO and PubMed. The following DeCS were used: “Quality of Health Care”; “Safety” and “Sterilization Center”, which were combined with the Boolean operator “AND” in the intersection. For discussion purposes, the survey was divided into 4 categories: CSSD functions and processes; Quality and safety control at the CME; Technology and innovations at CME and Training and qualification of CME staff. It is concluded that the MSC plays a fundamental role in health services, being metaphorically compared to the heart of a hospital. Because, just as the heart is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body, the CME is responsible for processing and providing essential materials for proper care and the functioning of health services.El CME es la unidad funcional del ámbito hospitalario responsable de la tramitación de los PPS críticos, semicríticos y no críticos, sujetos a tramitación. El estudio tiene como objetivo abordar los principales aspectos relacionados con los Centros de Material Estéril y su impacto en la seguridad y calidad de los servicios de salud. Esta es una revisión integrativa de la literatura, la búsqueda de materiales de estudio se realizó en junio de 2023 en las bases de datos: LILACS, SciELO y PubMed. Se utilizaron los siguientes DeCS: “Calidad de la Atención en Salud”; “Seguridad” y “Centro de esterilización”, que se combinaron con el operador booleano “Y” en la intersección. Para fines de discusión, la encuesta se dividió en 4 categorías: funciones y procesos del CSSD; Control de calidad y seguridad en el CME; Tecnología e innovaciones en CME y Formación y cualificación del personal de CME. Se concluye que el MSC juega un papel fundamental en los servicios de salud, siendo metafóricamente comparado con el corazón de un hospital. Porque, así como el corazón es el encargado de bombear la sangre a todo el organismo, el CME es el encargado de procesar y proveer los materiales indispensables para el correcto cuidado y funcionamiento de los servicios de salud.O CME é a unidade funcional do ambiente hospitalar responsável pelo processamento dos PPS de caráter crítico, semicrítico e não-crítico, passíveis de processamento. O estudo tem como objetivo abordar os principais aspectos relacionados as Centras de Material Estéril e o seu impacto na segurança e na qualidade dos serviços de saúde. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, a busca dos materiais para estudo, foi realizada em junho de 2023 nas bases de dados: LILACS, SciELO e PubMed. Utilizaram-se os seguintes DeCS: “Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde”; “Segurança” e “Centro de Esterilização”, os quais foram combinados com o operador booleano “AND” no cruzamento. Para fins de discussão, dividiu-se a pesquisa em 4 categorias: Funções e processos do CME; Controle de qualidade e segurança no CME; Tecnologia e inovações no CME e Treinamento e capacitação da equipe do CME. Conclui-se, que o CME exerce um papel fundamental nos serviços de saúde, comparado metaforicamente ao coração de um hospital. Pois, assim como o coração é responsável por bombear sangue para todo o corpo, o CME é responsável por processar e fornecer materiais essenciais para o atendimento adequado e funcionamento dos serviços de saúde

O Museu Sertório: uma coleção particular em São Paulo no final do século XIX (primeiro acervo do Museu Paulista)

Este artigo pretende rastrear e recuperar a coleção particular conhecida como Museu Sertório, que, embora tenha se constituído como o primeiro núcleo do acervo do Museu Paulista, é um tema ainda pouco explorado na historiografia. De propriedade do coronel Joaquim Sertório, a coleção tornou-se um museu privado na cidade de São Paulo, ganhando relevância na segunda metade do século XIX. As peças a ele pertencentes foram doadas ao governo paulista em 1890, tornando-se o embrião do acervo do Museu Paulista, que viria a ser inaugurado, em 1895, no Monumento do Ipiranga.This research intends to trace and recover information about the private collection known as Museu Sertorio, which became Museu Paulista's first main collection. This subject matter hasn't been bestowed upon it by the specialized historiography. This collection, a private museum in São Paulo, belonged to Colonel Joaquim Sertorio, and it became famous in the second half of the 19th century. This museum was donated to São Paulo estate government in 1890, from which Museu Paulista was created; it officialy opened in 1895 at the Ipiranga Monument

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost