Efeito da interação com palhaços nos sinais vitais e na comunicação não verbal de crianças hospitalizadas

ResumoObjetivoComparar a comunicação não verbal das crianças antes e durante a interação com palhaços e comparar os sinais vitais antes e após essa interação.MétodosEstudo intervenção não controlado, transversal, quantitativo, com crianças internadas em um hospital público universitário. A intervenção foi feita por alunos de medicina vestidos como palhaços e incluiu truques de mágica, malabarismo, canto com as crianças, bolhas de sabão e encenações cômicas. O tempo de intervenção foi de 20 minutos. Os sinais vitais foram avaliados em duas mensurações com um intervalo de um minuto imediatamente antes e após a interação. A comunicação não verbal foi observada antes e durante a interação por meio do Quadro de Modelos Não Verbais de Comunicação, instrumento em que os comportamentos não verbais são avaliados em efetivos ou ineficazes nas interações.ResultadosA amostra foi de 41 crianças com média de 7,6±2,7 anos, a maioria tinha entre 7‐11 anos (n=23; 56%) e era do sexo masculino (n=26; 63,4%). Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica, na dor e nos comportamentos não verbais das crianças com a intervenção. As pressões arteriais sistólicas e diastólicas aumentaram e as escalas de dor mostraram diminuição na sua pontuação.ConclusõesA interação lúdica com palhaços pode ser um recurso terapêutico para minimizar os efeitos do ambiente estressor durante a intervenção, melhorar o estado emocional das crianças e diminuir a percepção de dor.AbstractObjectiveCompare the non‐verbal communication of children before and during interaction with clowns and compare their vital signs before and after this interaction.MethodsUncontrolled, intervention, cross‐sectional, quantitative study with children admitted to a public university hospital. The intervention was performed by medical students dressed as clowns and included magic tricks, juggling, singing with the children, making soap bubbles and comedic performances. The intervention time was 20minutes. Vital signs were assessed in two measurements with an interval of one minute immediately before and after the interaction. Non‐verbal communication was observed before and during the interaction using the Non‐Verbal Communication Template Chart, a tool in which nonverbal behaviors are assessed as effective or ineffective in the interactions.ResultsThe sample consisted of 41 children with a mean age of 7.6±2.7 years; most were aged 7 to 11 years (n=23; 56%) and were males (n=26; 63.4%). There was a statistically significant difference in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pain and non‐verbal behavior of children with the intervention. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased and pain scales showed decreased scores.ConclusionsThe playful interaction with clowns can be a therapeutic resource to minimize the effects of the stressing environment during the intervention, improve the children's emotional state and reduce the perception of pain

Cross-sectional study of correlation between mandibular incisor crowding and third molars in young Brazilians

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate transversally the clinical correlation between lower incisor crowding and mandible third molar. Study Design: Three hundred healthy volunteers (134 male and 166 female), aged 20.4 (±2.4) years-old were submitted to a complete clinical examination and filled up a questionnaire about gender, age, total teeth number and presence or absence of superior and inferior third molar. After a recent panoramic radiography were evaluated. The multiple logistic regression showed that none of the studied factors influenced the mandibular incisor crowding. Results: The proportion of both molars present or both absent was higher than the other conditions (Chi-square, p.05) the mandibular incisor crowding. Despite the statistical significance, wear orthodontics appliances showed a little correlation (odds ratios < 1.0) in the mandibular incisor crowding. Conclusion: Presence of maxillary and/or mandibular third molars has no relation with the lower incisor crowding

SEPARAÇÃO DE MATERIAIS RECICLÁVEIS: PANORAMA NO BRASIL E INCENTIVOS À PRÁTICA

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/223611706631One of the challenges generated by the Brazilian Solid Waste Policy, which entered intoforce in Brazil in August 2010, is the adherence to the selective collection of municipal waste. Datafrom government institutions and scientific research have shown that millions of tons of municipalsolid waste per year still have improper destination in the country and only 14% of cities operatestructured selective collection of recyclable material programs. Even in cities that rely on selectivewaste collection programs, the amount of recyclable materials despised is still great and the lowparticipation of the population in the separation of materials contributes to this scenario. Thepresent study aims to portray the situation of separation and collection of recyclable materials inBrazil and present the results of studies that identified factors that motivate the practices ofseparation and the barriers in several countries.http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/223611706631Um dos desafios gerados pela Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, que entrou em vigor no Brasil em agosto 2010, é a adesão dos municípios à coleta seletiva dos resíduos. Dados de instituições governamentais e de pesquisa científica têm mostrado que milhões de toneladas de resíduos sólidos urbanos por ano ainda têm destino impróprio no país e apenas 14% dos municípios operam programas estruturados de coleta seletiva. Mesmo em cidades que contam com programas de coleta seletiva, a quantidade de materiais recicláveis desprezados ainda é grande e a baixa participação da população na separação de materiais contribui para este cenário. O presente estudo tem como objetivos retratar a situação da separação e coleta de materiais recicláveis no Brasil e apresentar resultados de estudos que identificaram fatores que motivam as práticas de separação e as barreiras em vários países

Photoelastic and finite element analyses of occlusal loads in mandibular body

This study proposed to evaluate the mandibular biomechanics in the posterior dentition based on experimental and computational analyses. The analyses were performed on a model of human mandible, which was modeled by epoxy resin for photoelastic analysis and by computer-aided design for finite element analysis. To standardize the evaluation, specific areas were determined at the lateral surface of mandibular body. The photoelastic analysis was configured through a vertical load on the first upper molar and fixed support at the ramus of mandible. The same configuration was used in the computer simulation. Force magnitudes of 50, 100, 150, and 200 N were applied to evaluate the bone stress. The stress results presented similar distribution in both analyses, with the more intense stress being at retromolar area and oblique line and alveolar process at molar level. This study presented the similarity of results in the experimental and computational analyses and, thus, showed the high importance of morphology biomechanical characterization at posterior dentition.This study proposed to evaluate the mandibular biomechanics in the posterior dentition based on experimental and computational analyses. The analyses were performed on a model of human mandible, which was modeled by epoxy resin for photoelastic analysis a2014CNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOsem informaçã

PESQUISA EM SERVIÇO: PRODUÇÕES NOS PROGRAMAS DE RESIDÊNCIA EM SAÚDE

Presentation of the Thematic Dossier - RESEARCH IN SERVICE: PRODUCTIONS IN HEALTH RESIDENCY PROGRAMSPresentación del Dossier Temático - PESQUISA EM SERVIÇO: PRODUÇÕES NOS PROGRAMAS DE RESIDÊNCIA EM SAÚDEApresentação do Dossiê Temático - PESQUISA EM SERVIÇO: PRODUÇÕES NOS PROGRAMAS DE RESIDÊNCIA EM SAÚD

PESQUISA EM SERVIÇO: PRODUÇÕES NOS PROGRAMAS DE RESIDÊNCIA EM SAÚDE

Presentation of the Thematic Dossier - RESEARCH IN SERVICE: PRODUCTIONS IN HEALTH RESIDENCY PROGRAMSPresentación del Dossier Temático - PESQUISA EM SERVIÇO: PRODUÇÕES NOS PROGRAMAS DE RESIDÊNCIA EM SAÚDEApresentação do Dossiê Temático - PESQUISA EM SERVIÇO: PRODUÇÕES NOS PROGRAMAS DE RESIDÊNCIA EM SAÚD

Fontes de Poluição e o Controle da Degradação Ambiental dos Rios Urbanos em Salvador

A expansão urbana desordenada ou mal planejada, aliada ao conhecimento unilateral dos planejadores e gestores municipais sobre o papel dos rios urbanos para as cidades, acaba por conferir a esses corpos hídricos condições de insalubridade e de natureza opostas às suas funções ecológicas. Este texto identifica as principais fontes de poluição dos rios de Salvador, que são, sobretudo, resultado da ausência de soluções adequadas para o esgotamento sanitário e manejo de resíduos sólidos, o que contribui para que as águas servidas sejam conduzidas ou escoadas pela rede de drenagem ou pelas calhas dos rios. Os resultados desta pesquisa devem contribuir para a ampliação do debate em torno da problemática da degradação ambiental dos rios urbanos da cidade do Salvador-Bahia, assim como a adoção de medidas de reabilitação, recuperação ou revitalização dos nossos rios urbanos

Procesos pterigoideos y la sincondrosis esfeno-occipital en la disyunción palatina

The Rapid Maxillary Expansion that involves the opening of the median palatine suture is used frequently to correct narrow arch maxillary and since the maxillary relates also with the skull base, the objective of this paper was to search in the literature the effects that the Rapid Maxillary Expansion produces on the pterygoid process and the spheno-occipital synchondrosis; analyzed clinically, with compute tomography, bone scintigraphy, cephalometric X-ray and the finite element method. The literature review was done on the data bases: Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Scielo, BSV (Bireme), ISI (Web of Sciencie) and Lilacs. It can be said that the forces it proportionate during the Rapid Maxillary Expansion not only to performs on the median palatine suture, but also on the pterygoid processes and even on the spheno-occipital synchondrosis, to making displacements and different concentrations of stress.La disyunción palatina que consiste en la apertura de la sutura palatina media, es usada frecuentemente para corregir la arcada maxilar estrecha transversalmente y ya que el maxilar se relaciona también con la base del cráneo el objetivo de este estudio fue revisar en la literatura los efectos que la disyunción palatina produce sobre los procesos pterigoideos y la sincondrosis esfeno-occipital, analizados clínicamente, con tomografías computarizadas, gammagrafía ósea, radiografías cefalométricas y el método de elementos finitos. La literatura revisada fue hecha sobre las bases de datos: Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Scielo, BSV (Bireme), ISI (Web of Sciencie) y Lilacs. Se puede afirmar que la fuerza proporcionada durante una disyunción palatina no solo actúa al nivel de la sutura palatina media, sino también sobre los procesos pterigoideos y hasta sobre la sincondrosis esfeno-occipital, ocasionando desplazamientos y diferentes concentraciones de tensiones

Alveolar bone healing in rats: micro-CT, immunohistochemical and molecular analysis

Alveolar bone healing after upper incisor extraction in rats is a classical model of preclinical studies. The underlying morphometric, cellular and molecular mechanism, however, remains imprecise in a unique study. Objectives: The aim of this study was therefore to characterize the alveolar bone healing after upper incisor extraction in rats by micro computed tomographic (Micro-CT), immunohistochemical and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. Material and Methods: Thirty animals (Rattus norvegicus, Albinus Wistar) were divided into three groups after upper incisors extraction at 7, 14, and 28 days. Micro-CT was evaluated based on the morphometric parameters. Subsequently, the histological analyses and immunostaining of osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear kappa B ligand (RANKL) and tartrate resistant acid phosphate (TRAP) was performed. In addition, RT-PCR analyses of OPG, RANKL, the runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteocalcin (OC), osteopontin (OPN), osterix (OST) and receptor activator of nuclear kappa B (RANK) were performed to determine the expression of these proteins in the alveolar bone healing. Results: Micro-CT: The morphometric parameters of bone volume and trabecular thickness progressively increased over time. Consequently, a gradual decrease in trabecular separation, trabecular space and total bone porosity was observed. Immunohistochemical: There were no differences statistically significant between the positive labeling for OPG, RANKL and TRAP in the different periods. RT-PCR: At 28 days, there was a significant increase in OPG expression, while RANKL expression and the RANKL/OPG ratio both decreased over time. Conclusion: Micro-CT showed the newly formed bone had favorable morphometric characteristics of quality and quantity. Beyond the RUNX2, OC, OPN, OST, and RANK proteins expressed in the alveolar bone healing, OPG and RANKL activity showed to be essential for activation of basic multicellular units during the alveolar bone healing

A SERM increasing the expression of the osteoblastogenesis and mineralization-related proteins and improving quality of bone tissue in an experimental model of osteoporosis

Raloxifene is an antiresorptive drug, selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used in the treatment of osteoporosis. Objective: To evaluate proteins related to bone repair at the peri-implant bone in a rat model of osteoporosis treated with raloxifene. Material and Methods: 72 rats were divided into three groups: SHAM (healthy animals), OVX (ovariectomized animals), and RLX (ovariectomized animals treated with raloxifene). Raloxifene was administered by gavage (1 mg/kg/day). Tibial implantation was performed 30 days after ovariectomy, and animals were euthanized at 14, 42, and 60 days postoperatively. Samples were collected and analyzed by immunohistochemical reactions, molecular analysis, and microtomographic parameters. Results: RLX showed intense staining of all investigated proteins at both time points except for RUNX2. These results were similar to SHAM and opposite to OVX, showing mild staining. The PCR gene expression of OC and ALP values for RLX (P&lt;0.05) followed by SHAM and OVX groups. For BSP data, the highest expression was observed in the RLX groups and the lowest expression was observed in the OVX groups (P&lt;0.05). For RUNX2 data, RLX and SHAM groups showed greater values compared to OVX (P&lt;0.05). At 60 days postoperatively, microtomography parameters, related to closed porosity, showed higher values for (Po.N), (Po.V), and (Po) in RLX and SHAM groups, whereas OVX groups showed lower results (P&lt;0.05); (BV) values (P=0.009); regarding total porosity (Po.tot), RLX group had statistically significant lower values than OVX and SHAM groups (P=0.009). Regarding the open porosity (Po.V and Po), the SHAM group presented the highest values, followed by OVX and RLX groups (P&lt;0.05). The Structural Model Index (SMI), RLX group showed a value closer to zero than SHAM group (P&lt;0.05). Conclusions: Raloxifene had a positive effect on the expression of osteoblastogenesis/mineralization-related proteins and on micro-CT parameters related to peri-implant bone healin