Gobernanza local y espacio rural : un análisis territorial desde la perspectiva de género

Desde una perspectiva de género el presente artículo analiza el nivel y características de la participación en política local de las mujeres dentro del ámbito rural. El estudio asume que la gobernanza territorial debe incluir no sólo aspectos económicos y de gestión, sino también de participación política, tanto directa como indirectamente. A través del caso de estudio de seis comarcas del Pirineo catalán, combinando una metodología cuantitativa y cualitativa, se analizan datos electorales y se identifican componentes de oferta y demanda para determinar que factores facilitan y cuales dificultan la participación activa de las mujeres en la política municipal.This paper analyses the level and features of women's local political participation in rural areas. The study assumes that territorial governance must include not only economic and management aspects, but also political participation, both directly and indirectly. Through a case study of six counties in the Catalan Pyrenees, combining quantitative and qualitative methodology, we analyse electoral data and identify supply and demand factors to establish which factors facilitate and which constrain the active involvement of rural women in local politics

Las relaciones de género en las políticas locales y en el desarrollo económico del Pirineo Catalán

El presente artículo explora la contribución de las mujeres en las estrategias de desarrollo local en un área de montaña. El estudio analiza roles políticos y económicos desde una perspectiva de género en la Cataluña rural. Se considera la sorprendentemente baja participación en la política local de las mujeres en Cataluña en comparación con el conjunto de España, al igual que la medida en que las decisiones de las mujeres difieren de las de los hombres con respecto a los enfoques empresariales para el desarrollo económico local. El documento también analiza la participación de las mujeres en la toma de decisiones, investigando si tienen la capacidad de involucrar a actores locales innovadores en la formulación de políticas. Se presentan las características económicas del Pirineo Catalán. La investigación aplica metodologías cualitativas y cuantitativas, incluyendo entrevistas en profundidad e información elaborada a través de bases de datos.The present paper explores women's contribution to local development strategies in a mountainous area. The study analyses gender based political and economic roles in rural Catalonia. It is considered both Catalonia's surprisingly low rate of women's political participation, when compared to Spain as a whole, and the extent to which women's decisions can be significantly different than men's ones with respect to entrepreneurial approaches to local economic development.The paper further analyses women's participation in decisionmaking,investigating whether they have the capacity to involve innovative stakeholders in local policy making. The economic characteristics of the Pyrenees region are addressed. The research applies both qualitative and quantitative methodology, including indepth interviews and information gathered from databases

Entre premios y recortes : el zigzagueante proceso de empoderamiento de las mujeres rurales

A pesar del rápido ascenso de la participación de las mujeres en la política parlamentaria española, a partir del 2011 el porcentaje ha descendido. En el ámbito rural, tradicionalmente poco receptivo con respecto a la paridad de género, se observa la misma tendencia, como ejemplifica el caso de los Pirineos Catalanes. Este artículo plantea los posibles límites de las políticas paritarias en el ámbito rural analizando como la participación de las mujeres en la política formal se relaciona con patrones segregacionistas de género, a la vez que se investigan los mecanismos de movilización y organización de las mujeres en redes de cooperación. El estudio permite ampliar el conocimiento sobre los mecanismos de empoderamiento de las mujeres ante los retos de la democracia participativa en el siglo XXI.Despite the rapid increase in the involvement of women in the Spanish parliamentary politics, since 2011 the proportion has declined. In rural areas, traditionally little receptive with respect to gender parity, local government show women's stagnation rates, as exemplified by the case of the Catalan Pyrenees. This paper examines the possible limits of parity policies in rural areas analyzing how the participation of women in formal politics is related to patterns of gender segregation, while investigating the mechanisms of mobilization and organization of women's networking. The study broadens the understanding of the mechanisms of empowerment of women and the challenges of participatory democracy in the XXI century

Medical consultation in ulcerative colitis: Key elements for improvement

Medical consultation; Shared decision making; Ulcerative colitisConsulta médica; Toma de decisiones compartida; Colitis ulcerosaConsulta mèdica; Presa de decisions compartida; Colitis ulcerosaUlcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease with a high impact. In order to improve patient outcomes, the clinician-patient relationship in daily practice is critical. Clinical guidelines provide a framework for UC diagnosis and treatment. However, standard procedures and the medical content focused upon medical consultations in UC patients has not yet been defined. Moreover, UC is a complex disease, given that patient characteristics and patient needs have been proven to vary during clinical consultation since establishing the diagnosis and upon the course of the disease. In this article, we have discussed the key elements and specific objectives to consider in medical consultation, such as diagnosis, first visits, follow-up visits, active disease patients, patients on topical therapies, new treatment initiation, refractory patients, extra-intestinal manifestations, as well as challenging situations. The key elements have been mentioned to comprise effective communication techniques, motivational interviewing (MI), as well as information and educational aspects, or organizational issues. The key elements to be implemented in daily practice were reported to comprise several general principles like duly prepared consultations, in addition to honesty and empathy with patients, as well as effective communication techniques, MI, information and educational points, or organizational issues. The role of other healthcare professionals such as specialized nurses, psychologists, or the use of checklists was also discussed and commented on

Economic incentives and energy production from forest biomass in Argentina

Argentina faces a double challenge: on the one side, to support and strengthen the economic development process with the enlargement and enhancement of the energy matrix; and on the other side, the country adhered to the global trend of stimulating the development of renewable energies. It is there where the potential of non-conventional renewable energy (NCRE) especially stands out, and dendroenergy in particular. In order to stimulate bioenergy production from ad hoc forest plantations as well as by using forest by-products, it is essential to have a distributed generation regulatory and operational framework, or otherwise to work on a logistic profile that matches supply and demand (industrial and household) for energy, also considering power generation as well as preferrably cogeneration schemes. From a regulatory point of view, Argentina is already on its way towards such a system. The second item implies deeper planning policies, in a longer term. Even though a dynamic NCRE development has been seen for the past few years, dendroenergy projects in particular are below the identified potential. Drawing mainly on the INTA-FAO-Probiomasa consultancy (FAO, 2020a) precedent, this work discusses the identified areas with the greatest dendroenergy potential, the current institutional and regulatory incentives, and the necessary economic requirements for dendroenergy capacity growth.La Argentina enfrenta un doble desafío: por un lado debe acompañar y fortalecer el proceso de desarrollo económico con el crecimiento de la demanda y la complejización de la matriz energética; y por otro, el país adhirió a la tendencia mundial y se comprometió a favorecer el desarrollo de las energías renovables. Allí, se destaca especialmente el potencial de las no convencionales (ERNC) y, en particular, la dendroenergía. Para estimular la producción de bioenergía, tanto a partir de implantaciones boscosas ad hoc como mediante la utilización de residuos o subproductos forestales, resulta esencial contar con un régimen normativo y operativo de generación distribuida, o bien un perfil logístico que calce oferta con demanda, tanto industrial como domiciliaria, y tanto en generación eléctrica como preferentemente en esquemas de cogeneración. Desde el punto de vista normativo, la Argentina ya está transitando hacia un sistema acorde. El segundo elemento se inscribe en políticas de planificación más profundas, con un horizonte más largo. Si bien el desarrollo de ERNC en los últimos años se muestra dinámico, los proyectos de desarrollo dendroenergético en particular están por debajo del potencial identificado. Partiendo del antecedente de la consultoría INTA-FAO-Probiomasa, el presente trabajo expone las zonas con mayor potencial dendroenergético, los incentivos vigentes, y qué condiciones económicas son necesarias para lograr un crecimiento en la capacidad dendroenergética.Centro de investigación en Economía y ProspectivaFil: Olemberg, Demián Jeremías. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Centro de Investigación en Economía y Prospectiva (CIEP); ArgentinaFil: Egolf, Patricia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Centro de Investigación en Economía y Prospectiva (CIEP); ArgentinaFil: Zaderenko, Constantino. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Forestales; ArgentinaFil: Lupi, Ana Maria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez, Roberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Montecarlo; ArgentinaFil: Casellas, Karina Susana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Centro de Investigación en Economía y Prospectiva (CIEP); Argentin

Differential impact of government lockdown policies on reducing air pollution levels and related mortality in Europe

Previous studies have reported a decrease in air pollution levels following the enforcement of lockdown measures during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, these investigations were mostly based on simple pre-post comparisons using past years as a reference and did not assess the role of different policy interventions. This study contributes to knowledge by quantifying the association between specific lockdown measures and the decrease in NO2, O3, PM2.5, and PM10 levels across 47 European cities. It also estimated the number of avoided deaths during the period. This paper used new modelled data from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) to define business-as-usual and lockdown scenarios of daily air pollution trends. This study applies a spatio-temporal Bayesian non-linear mixed effect model to quantify the changes in pollutant concentrations associated with the stringency indices of individual policy measures. The results indicated non-linear associations with a stronger decrease in NO2 compared to PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations at very strict policy levels. Differences across interventions were also identified, specifically the strong effects of actions linked to school/workplace closure, limitations on gatherings, and stay-at-home requirements. Finally, the observed decrease in pollution potentially resulted in hundreds of avoided deaths across Europe.This research had free and open access to all data sources. The work described in this paper has received funding from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) on behalf the European Union through commercial contract Ref. CAMS_95p. Several CAMS Regional Models of the CAMS_50 Service contributed to the present work (CHIMERE, LOTOS-EUROS, MINNI, MOCAGE, MONARCH, SILAM) under CAMS_71 coordination. CAMS_COP066 service provided the lockdown emissions information. O.J. and M.G. thankfully acknowledge the computer resources at Marenostrum and the technical support provided by Barcelona Supercomputing Center (RES-AECT-2020-1-0007). SILAM model runs was also funded by Finnish Academy GLORIA project (No310372). The study was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Project Exhaustion (Grant ID: 820655).Peer Reviewed"Article signat per 18 autors/es: Rochelle Schneider, Pierre Masselot, Ana M. Vicedo-Cabrera, Francesco Sera, Marta Blangiardo, Chiara Forlani, John Douros, Oriol Jorba, Mario Adani, Rostislav Kouznetsov, Florian Couvidat, Joaquim Arteta, Blandine Raux, Marc Guevara, Augustin Colette, Jérôme Barré, Vincent-Henri Peuch & Antonio Gasparrini "Postprint (published version

Nebulized ivermectin for COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases, a proof of concept, dose-ranging study in rats.

"Ivermectin is a widely used antiparasitic drug with known efficacy against several single-strain RNA viruses. Recent data shows significant reduction of SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro by ivermectin concentrations not achievable with safe doses orally. Inhaled therapy has been used with success for other antiparasitics. An ethanol-based ivermectin formulation was administered once to 14 rats using a nebulizer capable of delivering particles with alveolar deposition. Rats were randomly assigned into three target dosing groups, lower dose (80-90\xC2\xA0mg/kg), higher dose (110-140\xC2\xA0mg/kg) or ethanol vehicle only. A toxicology profile including behavioral and weight monitoring, full blood count, biochemistry, necropsy and histological examination of the lungs was conducted. The pharmacokinetic profile of ivermectin in plasma and lungs was determined in all animals. There were no relevant changes in behavior or body weight. There was a delayed elevation in muscle enzymes compatible with rhabdomyolysis, that was also seen in the control group and has been attributed to the ethanol dose which was up to 11\xC2\xA0g/kg in some animals. There were no histological anomalies in the lungs of any rat. Male animals received a higher ivermectin dose adjusted by adipose weight and reached higher plasma concentrations than females in the same dosing group (mean C" - " 86.2\xC2\xA0ng/ml vs. 26.2\xC2\xA0ng/ml in the lower dose group and 152\xC2\xA0ng/ml vs. 51.8\xC2\xA0ng/ml in the higher dose group). All subjects had detectable ivermectin concentrations in the lungs at seven days post intervention, up to 524.3\xC2\xA0ng/g for high-dose male and 27.3\xC2\xA0ng/g for low-dose females. nebulized ivermectin can reach pharmacodynamic concentrations in the lung tissue of rats, additional experiments are required to assess the safety of this formulation in larger animals.

“Skills for pills”: The dialectical-behavioural therapy skills training reduces polypharmacy in borderline personality disorder

Objective: Polypharmacy and overprescription of off-label medications are common in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). The aim of the present naturalistic study was to explore whether the skills training module of dialectical-behavioural therapy (DBT) can reduce polypharmacy in these patients in routine clinical practice. Methods: Retrospective, observational study of 377 patients with a primary diagnosis of BPD consecutively admitted to the BPD outpatient unit from 2010 through 2020. All patients were invited to participate in the DBT skills training module (DBT-ST). DBT-ST participants (n = 182) were compared with a control group who did not participate in DBT-ST (n = 195). Pre-post intervention changes in medication load and use of antidepressants, benzodiazepines, mood stabilizers, and antipsychotics were evaluated. Results: At baseline, most patients (84.4%) were taking at least one medication and 46.9% were on polypharmacy. Compared to controls, patients in the DBT-ST group presented a significant reduction in the number of medications (2.67–1.95 vs. 2.16–2.19; p < 0.001), medication load (4.25–3.05 vs. 3.45–3.48; p < 0.001), use of benzodiazepines (54.4%–27.5% vs. 40%–40.5%; p < 0.001), mood stabilizers (43.4%–33% vs. 36.4%–39.5%; p < 0.001), and antipsychotics (36.3%–29.1% vs. 34.4%–36.9%; p < 0.001). Conclusions: These findings suggest that patients with BPD can benefit from the DBT-ST module, which may reduce the medication load, particularly of sedatives. The results suggest that DBT-ST may be useful to treat overmedication in patients with BPD and could help to promote “deprescription” in clinical practice.This study was supported by Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM). The authors would like to thank Bradley Londres for professional English language editing