Effectiveness of Hot application on abdominal pain in dysmenorrhoea among adolescent girls in selected college at Coimbatore

A study to assess the effectiveness of hot application on abdominal pain in dysmenorrhoea among adolescent girls in selected college at Coimbatore was conducted as a partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of master of science in Nursing,Cherraan’s college of Nursing, Coimbatore,under Tamil Nadu Dr.M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai. OBJECTIVES: The Objectives of the study were to assess the pain level among the adolescent girls with dysmenorrhoea,to evaluate the effectiveness of the hot application in management of abdominal pain in dysmenorrhoea among adolescent girls,to find the association between the level of pain with the demographic variables of dysmenorrhoea adolescent girls. Hypothesis were formulated such as there will be a significant difference in pain and severity following hot application in dysmenorrhea adolescent girls and there will be significant association between the pain level and selected demographic variable. An experimental study was done among adolescent girls with abdominal pain in dysmenorrhoea. Hot application was given on lower abdomen for 50 adolescent girls were selected respectively by purposive sampling technique.questionnaire and McCaffery numerical pain scale were used for data collection. The findings of the study revealed that there was a significant difference in abdominal pain after hot application in dysmenorrhoea among adolescent girls. The obtained ‘Z’ value 8.245 was significant at 0.05 level. The study revealed a significant difference in abdominal pain after hot application in dysmenorrhoea among adolescent girls. There are association between some of the demographic variables and pain. They are age, onset of menarche, number of days of menstruation, number of pads changed in a day and family history of dysmenorrhoea

Management and valorisation of wastes through use in producing alkali-activated cement materials

There is a growing global interest in maximising the re-use and recycling of waste, to minimise the environmental impacts associated with waste treatment and disposal. Use of high-volume wastes in the production of blended or novel cements (including alkali-activated cements) is well known as a key pathway by which these wastes can be re-used. This paper presents a critical overview of the urban, agricultural, mining and industrial wastes that have been identified as potential precursors for the production of alkali-activated cement materials, or that can be effectively stabilised/solidified via alkali activation, to assure their safe disposal. The central aim of this review is to elucidate the potential advantages and pitfalls associated with the application of alkali-activation technology to a wide variety of wastes that have been claimed to be suitable for the production of construction materials. A brief overview of the generation and characteristics of each waste is reported, accompanied by identification of opportunities for the use of alkali-activation technology for their valorisation and/or management

Population Structure and Sexual Dimorphism in Gastropod Hemifusus pugilinus (Born)

240-241Sex ratio, sexual dimorphism and age at first maturity in Hemifusus pugilinus were analysed. The females were dominant throughout the year in larger length groups while males were dominant in smaller length groups. Gonadial smear showed the age at first maturity in males in 61-65 mm length group and in females in 65-70 mm length group. F-test showed the existence of sexual dimorphism in H. pugilinus. But the SEM studies on the radula of both males and females showed no marked sexual dimorphism in the radular morphology