Approach to intensely enhancing neck nodes

Cervical node evaluation is one of the most common problems encountered by a radiologist. Here, we present a pictorial review of intensely enhancing neck nodes. While enhancement in a cervical node is a common radiologic finding on contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan, only few conditions cause intense enhancement in cervical nodes. We discuss the common causes of intensely enhancing neck nodes along with pertinent radiologic features and key differentiating points that aid radiologists in reaching a diagnosis. In addition, we discuss certain potential non-nodal mimics, which need to be excluded

Correction to: Magnetic resonance imaging features of the superior cervical ganglion and expected changes after radiation therapy to the head and neck in a long-term follow-up

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Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Generative Model To Construct Blog and Post Networks In Blogosphere

Web graphs have been very useful in the structural and statistical analysis of the web. Various models have been proposed to simulate web graphs that generate degree distributions similar to the web. Real world blog networks resemble many properties of web graphs. But the dynamic nature of the blogosphere and the link structure evolving due to blog readership and social interactions is not well expressed by the existing models. In this research we propose a model for a blogger to construct blog graphs. We combine the existing preferential attachment and random attachment model to generate blog graphs which are type of scale-free networks. The blogger is modeled using read, write, idle states and finite read memory. The combination of these techniques helps in evolution of time stamped blog-blog and post-post network through citations within the blog-blog network. Other parameters like the growth function and the randomness in reading and writing posts help in the formation of graphs with different structural properties. We empirically show that these simulated blog graph exhibits properties similar to the real world blog networks in their degree distributions, degree correlations and clustering coefficient. We believe that this model will help researchers to evaluate and analyze the properties of the blogosphere and facilitate the testing of new algorithms

Case Report: Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis

Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis is a rare genetic disorder. We present and discuss the clinical, radiological, and histopathologic findings in a 36-year-old woman who had juvenile cataract, childhood diarrhea, mental retardation, cerebellar ataxia, and bilateral Achilles tendon xanthomas. She was thoroughly investigated radiologically and biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of xanthomas

Case Report: Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis

Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis is a rare genetic disorder. We present and discuss the clinical, radiological, and histopathologic findings in a 36-year-old woman who had juvenile cataract, childhood diarrhea, mental retardation, cerebellar ataxia, and bilateral Achilles tendon xanthomas. She was thoroughly investigated radiologically and biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of xanthomas

Second Space: A Generative Model for the Blogosphere

Analysing complex natural phenomena often requires synthesized data that matches observed characteristics. Graph models are widely used in analyzing the Web in general, but are less suitable for modeling the Blogosphere. While blog networks resemble many properties of Web graphs, the dynamic nature of the Blogosphere, its unique structure and the evolution of the link structure due to blog readership and social interactions are not captured by the existing models. We describe an agent-based simulation model to construct blog graphs that exhibit properties similar to the real world blog networks in their degree distributions, degree correlation, clustering coefficient and reciprocity. The model can help researchers analyze the Blogosphere and facilitates the development and testing of new algorithms