Effects of Sa 2 and Sa 2.5 Blast Cleaning Surface Preparation on the Adhesion and Corrosion Protection Properties of Coating

Corrosion is a major problem for oil and gas operators as the cost consumed each year in fighting corrosion are staggeringly high. Along with the implementation of cost-effective corrosion prevention methods, the race for reducing cost consumption still goes on. Protective coating is considered to be one of the most economical methods there is. However, in the application of protective coating, the cost allocated for surface preparation exceeds the coating material costs itself by 21 %. The typical standards currently used by PETRONAS required the steel substrates to be blast cleaned to the ISO cleanliness standard of Sa 2.5. Thus this project aims for the practice of a cheaper alternative of cleanliness standards which is Sa 2. Three samples (carbon steel) are blast-cleaned to the standard of Sa 2.5 and three others to the standards of Sa 2. All samples are coated based on coating system No. lA in PTS. Corrosion test (ASTM B117-90) and adhesion test (scratch test) are conducted exclusively to measure the performance of coating system under different surface cleanliness standards. Four samples (two samples with Sa 2 and others with Sa 2.5 cleanliness standards) had undergone corrosion test. Remaining two samples, each with Sa 2 and Sa 2.5 cleanliness respectively, had undergone adhesion test. Calculation on corrosion rate using mass loss method and visual examination for evaluating the rust grade are done to determine the corrosion properties. Inspection using 3D non-contact measurement is conducted to confrrm the critical load experienced by the coating thus demrmining the adhesion properties. Findings for corrosion test shows a equal performance of coating between samples prepared under Sa 2 and Sa 2.5 cleanliness standards - corrosion rate of 0 millimeter per year and a rust grade of 10. Findings for adhesion test shows the critical load experienced by sample prepared under Sa 2 is 51N and higher than the sample prepared under Sa 2.5 which is 43N. However, acoustic emission shows a higher intensity profile from the sample prepared under Sa 2 standards compared to the sample prepared under Sa 2.5. Thus, for the success implementation of surface cleanliness of Sa 2, the performance of the chosen coating system are to result in similar or better performance in comparison to the application of Sa 2.5

Effect of Variability on Cronbach Alpha Reliability in Research Practice

This study aims to describe the effects of variability through data simulation to determine which aspect of variability that maximizes coefficient of Cronbach Alpha reliability.  Cronbach Alpha is widely used for estimation of reliability, in recent still. This study served a conceptual and practical simulation for estimating the profound aspect of Cronbach Alpha coefficient relating to the variability of the data. This study carried out with data simulated using the rand between method by Microsoft Excel then simulate different categorical data responses to different range of items by manipulating sample size, range, number of items, variance and standard deviation. The results show that number of variance and standard deviation of data had the most profound aspect of Cronbach Alpha's reliability other than range. The increasing number on some aspect shows that standard deviation and variance has the stability to shows the positive correlation with the coefficient of Cronbach Alpha reliability other than range

Effects of Sa 2 and Sa 2.5 Blast Cleaning Surface Preparation on the Adhesion and Corrosion Protection Properties of Coating

Corrosion is a major problem for oil and gas operators as the cost consumed each year in fighting corrosion are staggeringly high. Along with the implementation of cost-effective corrosion prevention methods, the race for reducing cost consumption still goes on. Protective coating is considered to be one of the most economical methods there is. However, in the application of protective coating, the cost allocated for surface preparation exceeds the coating material costs itself by 21 %. The typical standards currently used by PETRONAS required the steel substrates to be blast cleaned to the ISO cleanliness standard of Sa 2.5. Thus this project aims for the practice of a cheaper alternative of cleanliness standards which is Sa 2. Three samples (carbon steel) are blast-cleaned to the standard of Sa 2.5 and three others to the standards of Sa 2. All samples are coated based on coating system No. lA in PTS. Corrosion test (ASTM B117-90) and adhesion test (scratch test) are conducted exclusively to measure the performance of coating system under different surface cleanliness standards. Four samples (two samples with Sa 2 and others with Sa 2.5 cleanliness standards) had undergone corrosion test. Remaining two samples, each with Sa 2 and Sa 2.5 cleanliness respectively, had undergone adhesion test. Calculation on corrosion rate using mass loss method and visual examination for evaluating the rust grade are done to determine the corrosion properties. Inspection using 3D non-contact measurement is conducted to confrrm the critical load experienced by the coating thus demrmining the adhesion properties. Findings for corrosion test shows a equal performance of coating between samples prepared under Sa 2 and Sa 2.5 cleanliness standards - corrosion rate of 0 millimeter per year and a rust grade of 10. Findings for adhesion test shows the critical load experienced by sample prepared under Sa 2 is 51N and higher than the sample prepared under Sa 2.5 which is 43N. However, acoustic emission shows a higher intensity profile from the sample prepared under Sa 2 standards compared to the sample prepared under Sa 2.5. Thus, for the success implementation of surface cleanliness of Sa 2, the performance of the chosen coating system are to result in similar or better performance in comparison to the application of Sa 2.5

Pengaruh inflasi, BI rate, dan pertumbuhan ekonomi terhadap laba Bank Syariah di Indonesia periode 2014-2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh inflasi, BI Rate dan pertumbuhan ekonomi terhadap laba bank syariah di seluruh Indonesia tahun 2014 sampai dengan 2017. Dalam penelitian ini, data diperoleh melalui website resmi dari Bank Indonesia dan OJK. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif, objek dalam penelitian ini adalah bank syariah dengan sampel 48. Variabel dalam penelitian ini meliputi variabel bebas yang terdiri dari inflasi, BI Rate dan pertumbuhan ekonomi sedangkan variabel terikatnya yakni laba bank syariah. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitin ini adalah uji asumsi klasik yang meliputi normalitas, multikolonieritas, heteroskedastisitas ,autokorelasi dan regresi linear berganda. Untuk pegujian hipoesis dilakukan dengan mnggunakan uji statistik yaitu uji t (parsial) dan uji f (simultan). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa dari ketiga variabel bebas yang secara parsial berpengaruh terhadap laba bank syariah hanya BI Rate, karena nilai sigifikansi dari BI Rate lebih rendah dari 5% atau 0,05 yakni 0,030 0,05 dan pertumbuhan ekonomi sebesar 0,363 > 0,05 sehingga inflasi dan pertumbuhan ekonomi secara parsial tidak berpengaruh terhadap laba bank syariah. Sedangkan untuk hasil uji simultan, inflasi, BI Rate dan pertumbuhan ekonomi memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap laba bank syariah, karena nilai f hitung > f tabel yaitu 5,169 > 2,82 dan niai sig yaitu 0,004 < 0,05. Nilai koefisien determinasi aaau R Square sebesar 0,261 atau 26%. Ini menunjukan bahwa variabel bebas (inflasi, BI Rate, dan pertumbuhan ekonomi) berpengaruh terhadap naik turunya laba bank syariah sebesar 26%, sedangkan sisanya 74% di pengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak dapat disebutkan. Sehingga dari dari ketiga variable bebas, yang paling berpengaruh terhadap laba bank syariah adalah BI Rate dan secara bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap laba bank syariah. Oleh karena itu di harapkan inflasi, BI rate dan pertumbuhan ekonomi dijdikan bahan pertimbannga oleh bank syariah dalam mengambil dan menetapkan kebijakan. Kata kunci: inflasi, BI Rate, pertumbuhan ekonomi, laba ban

The Development of Education Character Policy and Programs in Information Society of Kampung Cyber Yogyakarta

This ariticle presents studies about the Strengthening Character Education policy and practised in Kampung Cyber Yogyakarta's information society. The aim of this research was to describe how character education policy materializes in Kampung Cyber community's efforts in developing character education programs. The research was a qualitative research with a case study approach. The data were obtained through interviews, observation and documentation in the field directly. The results were divided into two things according to the main study. First, related to the dimensions and second related to the results of character education development in Kampung Cyber. The results show that the development of character education in Kampung Cyber covered five primary characters and targeted three fundamental problems: foundational problems, structural problems and operational problems. In general, the product of character education in Kampung Cyber was positive, because they can increase social-communal awareness, improve religious practice, and the synergy of character education and its natural habituation. Keywords: &nbsp;Education Character Policy, Strengthening Education Characte

Sustainable Waste Management in Malaysia: Leveraging Supply Chain Solutions for a Greener Future

Sustainable waste management has become a critical global concern, and Malaysia is no exception. With the country's increasing urbanization and economic growth, waste generation has risen significantly, posing environmental and social challenges. This paper explores the concept of sustainable waste management in Malaysia and proposes leveraging supply chain solutions as a pathway towards a greener future. The study examines the current waste management practices, their limitations, and the potential environmental impacts. It highlights the need for integrated and innovative approaches encompassing the entire waste management supply chain, from collection to disposal. By adopting sustainable supply chain practices, such as waste segregation, recycling, and waste-to-energy conversion, Malaysia can achieve more efficient resource utilization, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and minimize landfill usage. Furthermore, the paper addresses the role of government policies, private sector engagement, and public awareness in fostering a successful transition towards sustainable waste management. The findings and recommendations presented in this study contribute to the ongoing efforts to develop a comprehensive and eco-friendly waste management system in Malaysia and serve as a model for other developing nations facing similar challenges

Exact string matching algorithms : survey, issues, and future research directions

String matching has been an extensively studied research domain in the past two decades due to its various applications in the fields of text, image, signal, and speech processing. As a result, choosing an appropriate string matching algorithm for current applications and addressing challenges is difficult. Understanding different string matching approaches (such as exact string matching and approximate string matching algorithms), integrating several algorithms, and modifying algorithms to address related issues are also difficult. This paper presents a survey on single-pattern exact string matching algorithms. The main purpose of this survey is to propose new classification, identify new directions and highlight the possible challenges, current trends, and future works in the area of string matching algorithms with a core focus on exact string matching algorithms. © 2013 IEEE

PENERAPAN BRANDING PRODUK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEREKONOMIAN MASYARAKAT DESA NGAMPEL KHUSUSNYA PELAKU UMKM

Desa Ngampel terletak di wilayah Kecamatan Manyar, Kabupaten Gresik. Desa Ngampel terdiri atas 8 rukun tetangga dan 3 rukun warga. Di desa Ngampel terdapat satu dusun yakni Dusun Mulyorejo. Banyak masyarakat Desa Ngampel yang mempunyai Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah terutama pada bidang makanan. Namun, Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah itu masih belum banyak diketahui oleh masyarakat luar Desa Ngampel. Hal itu membuat pelaku UMKM sedikit kesulitan dalam mengembangkan usahanya lebih luas lagi. Oleh karena itu penulis mengadakan sosialisasi branding produk. Metode yang digunakan adalah observasi dan survey. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah adanya antusias warga ketika mengikuti sosialisasi branding yang bisa dilihat dari semangat mereka ketika bertanya perihal bagaimana cara agar promosi yang dilakukan itu berhasil. Kesimpulannya adalah masyarakat memiliki keinginan untuk mengembangkan usahanya agar bisa lebih dikenal oleh masyarakat luas tidak hanya dari Desa Ngampel sendiri. Namun mereka belum tau harus memulai dari mana sehingga ketika membuat sebuah usaha hanya sekedar mendirikan tanpa didukung oleh adanya sebuah merk

Assessment of the accuracy and precision of MyRTKnet real-time services

From a network of ninety-six (96) Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS), the Department of Survey and Mapping Malaysia (DSMM) has developed a reliable real-time data streaming service known as the Malaysia Real-Time Kinematic GNSS Network (MyRTKnet). MyRTKnet is now operating on Leica SpiderNet system that is configured to provide coordinate to users in Geocentric Datum of Malaysia 2000 (GDM2000). As the name implied, GDM2000 is a geocentric datum for Malaysia, developed based upon the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) 2000 or ITRF2000. One could argue that the quality of coordinates provided by MyRTKnet are less optimal as the latest realisation of ITRF at present is ITRF2014. This study aims to investigate the accuracy and precision of the resultant coordinates from MyRTKnet real-time services through a comparison with the control-quality coordinates from a network of post-processed data at some independent points for positioning purpose. Meanwhile for mapping purpose, the coordinates from Network Real-Time Kinematic (NRTK) at selected Cadastral Reference Marks (CRM) points were compared with their known values. The results show that the observed points in ITRF2000 move approximately 37 cm away from the points in ITRF2014 due to the constant movement of Sundaland Block. Meanwhile for the assessment of NRTK technique, there is no significant displacement for coordinates in ITRF2000 but ITRF2014 with the values of 4.4 and 39.8 cm at KDOJ point, respectively. The discrepancy in ITRF2014 could be due to the improper datum transformation procedure. For mapping, NRTK technique is still not reliable to be adopted for determination of boundaries based on the results derived as the vector displacements for two (5.5 cm and 8.1 cm) out of three CRM exceed the allowable limit (5 cm). In conclusion, it is worth noting that, NRTK technique adopted for positioning should addressed a proper datum transformation process (ITRF2014 to ITRF2000) to improve quality of data meanwhile for mapping works, the NRTK technique is still unreliable to be implemented