CERES-Maize Simulation Model: Establishment of Planting Windows for Grains Maize under Rainfed Conditions

Growing period or planting windows concepts is a useful approach in identifying suitable planting time for crop under rainfed management. It will help farmers to ensure the crop success. A crop simulation model (CERESMaize model) was used to identify the suitable planting time and maize was used as an indicator crop. The model was validated using compiled data to ensure its fitness within the setup acceptable limit. The model was capable to predict maize yield potential close to the actual yield at the experimental trails but always over estimated at the farm production levels. Under local conditions with favourable soil and climate, the yield potential of maize could be expected greater than 7 t/ha. The yield potentials for most of the zones are relatively low towards the end of year due to a dry period, experienced in most of the crop growing cycle. Based on the yield potential trends, it corresponds to rainfall pattern. In combination with a cut off point at 5 t/ha, its shows most of the zones have double planting windows except for two zones (1 and 26), which have a single planting window. In addition, as example the most suitable planting time within the planting window for zone 9 and 10 were also identified. This information can help farmers in planning their farm in order to have the most efficient operation

The evaluation of cartilage differentiations using transforming growth factor beta3 alone and with combination of bone morphogenetic protein-6 on adult stem cells

In our quest to standardize our formula for a clinical trial, transforming growth factor-beta3 (TGF-β3) alone and in combination with bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP-6) were evaluated for their effectiveness in cartilage differentiation. Bone Marrow Stem Cells (BMSCs) and Adipose Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) were induced to chondrogenic lineage using two different media. Native chondrocytes served as positive control. ADSCs and BMSCs proved multipotency by tri-lineage differentiations. ADSC has significantly higher growth kinetics compare to Chondrocyte only p ≤ 0.05. Using TGF-β3 alone, BMSC revealed higher expressions for hyaline cartilage genes compare to ADSCs. Chondrocyte has significantly higher early chondrogenic markers expression to ADSCs and BMSCs, while BMSCs was only higher to ADSC at chondroadherin, p ≤ 0.0001. On mature chondrogenic markers, chondrocytes were significantly higher to ADSCs and BMSCs for aggrecan, collagen IX, sry (sex determining region y)-box9, collagen II and fibromodullin; and only to ADSC for collagen XI. BMSC was higher to ADSC for aggrecan and collagen IX, p ≤ 0.0001. The combination of TGF-β3 + BMP-6 revealed increased gene expressions on both BMSCs and ADSCs for early and mature chondrogenic markers, but no significance difference. For dedifferentiation markers, ADSC was significantly higher to chondrocyte for collagen I. Glycosaminoglycan evaluations with both formulas revealed that chondrocytes were significantly higher to ADSCs and BMSCs, but none was significant to each other, p ≤ 0.0001. Combination of 10 ng TGF-β3 with 10 ng of BMP-6 enhanced chondrogenic potentials of BMSCs and ADSCs compare to TGF-β3 alone. This could be the ideal cocktail for either cell’s chondrogenic induction

Приклади завдань для позакласної роботи з інформатики у початковій школі

У статті коротко описана методика проведення позакласної роботи з інформатики у початковій школі

Whole exome re-sequencing implicates CCDC38 and cilia structure and function in resistance to smoking related airflow obstruction

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality and, whilst smoking remains the single most important risk factor, COPD risk is heritable. Of 26 independent genomic regions showing association with lung function in genome-wide association studies, eleven have been reported to show association with airflow obstruction. Although the main risk factor for COPD is smoking, some individuals are observed to have a high forced expired volume in 1 second (FEV1) despite many years of heavy smoking. We # hypothesised that these ‘‘resistant smokers’’ may harbour variants which protect against lung function decline caused by smoking and provide insight into the genetic determinants of lung health. We undertook whole exome re sequencing of 100 heavy smokers who had healthy lung function given their age, sex, height and smoking history and applied three complementary approaches to explore the genetic architecture of smoking resistance. Firstly, we identified novel functional variants in the ‘‘resistant smokers’’ and looked for enrichment of these novel variants within biological pathways. Secondly, we undertook association testing of all exonic variants individually with two independent control sets. Thirdly, we undertook gene-based association testing of all exonic variants. Our strongest signal of association with smoking resistance for a non-synonymous SNP was for rs10859974 (P = 2.3461024) in CCDC38, a gene which has previously been reported to show association with FEV1/FVC, and we demonstrate moderate expression of CCDC38 in bronchial epithelial cells. We identified an enrichment of novel putatively functional variants in genes related to cilia structure and function in resistant smokers. Ciliary function abnormalities are known to be associated with both smoking and reduced mucociliary clearance in patients with COPD. We suggest that genetic influences on the development or function of cilia in the bronchial epithelium may affect growth of cilia or the extent of damage caused by tobacco smoke

Modelling of hydraulic fracturing process by coupled discrete element and fluid dynamic methods

A three-dimensional model is presented and used to reproduce the laboratory hydraulic fracturing test performed on a thick-walled hollow cylinder limestone sample. This work aims to investigate the implications of the fluid flow on the behaviour of the micro-structure of the rock sample, including the material strength, its elastic constants and the initialisation and propagation of fractures. The replication of the laboratory test conditions has been performed based on the coupled Discrete Element Method (DEM) and Computational Fluid Dynamics scheme. The numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental data, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The developed model closely validates the overall behaviour of the laboratory sample, providing a realistic overview of the cracking propagation towards total collapse as well as complying with Lame’s theory for thick-walled cylinders. This research aims to provide some insight into designing an accurate DEM model of a fracturing rock that can be used to predict its geo-mechanical behaviour during Enhanced Oil Recovery applications

CERES-Maize simulation model: establishment of planting windows for grains maize under rainfed conditions

Growing period or planting windows concepts is a useful approach in identifying suitable planting time for crop under rainfed management. It will help farmers to ensure the crop success. A crop simulation model (CERESMaize model) was used to identify the suitable planting time and maize was used as an indicator crop. The model was validated using compiled data to ensure its fitness within the setup acceptable limit. The model was capable to predict maize yield potential close to the actual yield at the experimental trails but always over estimated at the farm production levels. Under local conditions with favourable soil and climate, the yield potential of maize could be expected greater than 7 t/ha. The yield potentials for most of the zones are relatively low towards the end of year due to a dry period, experienced in most of the crop growing cycle. Based on the yield potential trends, it corresponds to rainfall pattern. In combination with a cut off point at 5 t/ha, its shows most of the zones have double planting windows except for two zones (1 and 26), which have a single planting window. In addition, as example the most suitable planting time within the planting window for zone 9 and 10 were also identified. This information can help farmers in planning their farm in order to have the most efficient operation

Providing Education Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) Uses Web-based She Smart to Improve Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice in Adolescent Girls

One age category that is particularly susceptible to nutritional problems in adolescent girls. Globally, about 40% of deaths in developing countries are related to Chronic energy deficiency. Adolescents who experience a Chronic energy deficiency have an impact not only on the health of adolescent girls today but can have a long impact to become pregnant women and risk giving birth to a baby with low birth weight. This study to find out the effect of using chronic energy education models using web-based she Smart on knowledge, attitudes, and practice in adolescent girls. This study uses Pre-experimental Design, with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling with a sample number of 47 respondents. This research was conducted in Senior High School 12 Makassar in September-October 2021. Analyze the data using the McNemar test. The results of statistical tests showed that there was an influence on the use of web-based She Smart education model of adolescent girls' knowledge of with p-value= 0.012 (p<0.05), attitude with p-value= 0.031 (p<0.05), and practice with p-value=0.004 (p<0.05). Chronic Energy Deficiency education models using the Web she smarts can increase knowledge, attitudes, and practice before and after adolescent interventions

Effect of Web-based She Smart Education Models on Adolescent Girl's Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice About Obesity

Obesity is a disorder characterized by excessive accumulation of body fat. The nutritional impact is more than just disturbing the aesthetics of appearance. Obesity (overweight and overweight) is a new chronic disorder that soon becomes a global pandemic that is quite difficult to control. To improve the knowledge, attitudes, and Practice of Adolescent Girls about obesity. Use Pre-Experiment with one group pre-test and post-test design. Sampling technique using purposive sampling and obtained a total of 47 respondents. The research was conducted in the Senior High School of 12 Makassar in September-October 2021. Data analysis using the McNemar test. The results of statistics showed that there is an influence on the use of the web-based She Smart education model of the knowledge and attitudes of Adolescent Girls with a value of p-value=0.008 (p<0.05). And there was no influence on the use of the web-based She Smart education model on the Practice of Adolescent Girls with a p-value of 0.453 (p>0.05). There is an influence on providing obesity education before and after intervention through web-based obesity education media in improving knowledge and attitudes but does not affect the Practice of adolescent girls in overcoming the problem of obesity

The Effects of Anemia Education Using Web-based She Smart to Improve Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice in Adolescent Girls

Anemia is a state of hemoglobin levels in the bloodless than normal numbers according to the sex and age group. The impact of anemia in adolescents is a decrease in achievement and learning spirit and can cause symptoms such as paleness, lethargy, decreased appetite, and growth disorders. Anemia has an impact not only on the health of adolescent girls but can have a long impact on the health of the mother and fetus. You can see the influence of anemia education on knowledge, attitudes, and practice. Uses the Pre-experimental method with the design of one group pretest and posttest. Sampling technique using purposive sampling with the number of 47 adolescent girls. The research was conducted at Senior High School 12 Makassar in September-October 2021. Data analysis using the McNemar test. From the results of statistical tests showed that there was an influence on the use of web-based she smart education model on the use of adolescent girls about anemia with p-value = 0.000 (p<0.05), attitude p-value = 0.016 (p<0.05) and action p-value = 0.001 (p<0.05). Anemia education using web-based she smart can improve knowledge, attitudes, and practice before and after an intervention