Respon pertumbuhan vegetatif semaian akibat aplikasi mikroba potensial pada rehabilitasi pohon kakao tanpa penebangan

Usaha yang dapat dilakukan untuk megatasi penurunan produksi pohon kakao tua dan rusak adalah penerapan inarching grafting atau penyambungan tanaman kakao muda unggul berumur minimal 6 bulan yang ditanam di sekitar pohon tua. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji pengaruh aplikasi Trichoderma asperellum dan Azotobacter chroococcum terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif semaian kakao yang akan disambungkan ke pohon kakao tua menggunakan metode inarching grafting. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Petak Terbagi dengan tiga ulangan. Petak Utama yaitu aplikasi T.asperellum sebanyak 4 g L-1 setiap tanaman, dengan empat taraf: tanpa T.asperellum (T0), satu kali (T1), dua kali (T2), dan tiga kali (T3) aplikasi. Anak Petak adalah inokulasi A.chroococcum sebanyak 40 ml x 108 cfu setiap tanaman, dengan 3 taraf: tanpa A.chroococcum (A0), satu kali (A1) dan dua kali (A2) aplikasi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan tidak terdapat interaksi antara aplikasi T.asperellum dengan A.chroococcum, tetapi terdapat pengaruh tunggal dari kedua mikroba potensial yang diaplikasikan. Pada umur semaian 90 hst, aplikasi dua kali A.chroococcum menghasilkan rata-rata tinggi tanaman 155,25 cm, total daun 41 helai dan diameter batang 13,10 mm. Pemberian tiga kali T.asperellum menghasilkan rata-rata tinggi tanaman 150,89 cm,  total daun 41,22 helai dan diameter batang 12,86 mm. Semaian yang diberi mikroba potensial digunakan untuk rehabilitasi pohon kakao tua. An efforts that can be done to overcome the decline in production of old and damaged cocoa trees are the application of inarching grafting or grafting of superior young cocoa plants with a minimum age of 6 months planted around old trees. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the application of Trichoderma asperellum and Azotobacter chroococcumon the vegetative growth of cocoa seedlings which was grafted to old cocoa trees using the inarching grafting method. The research used a Split Plot Design with three replications. The main plot was application of T.asperellum of 4 g L-1 for each seedling and cocoa tree, consisted of four levels. i.e: without T.asperellum (T0), one time application (T1), two times application (T2), and three times application (T3). The subplot factor was A.chroococcum as much as 40 ml x 108 cfu on each seedling and cocoa tree, consisted of three levels, i.e.: without A. chroococcum (A0), one time application (A1) and two times application (A2).  The analysis of variance results showed that no interaction between applications of T.asperellum  with  A.chroococcum, but it had a singular effect for both potential microbial applied. At 90 days after planting, the application of A.chroococcum twice resulted in an average plant height of 155.25 cm, a total of 41 leaves and a stem diameter of 13.10 mm. Application of T.asperellum three times resulted in an average plant height of 150.89 cm, the number of leaves 41.22 sheets and a stem diameter of 12.86 mm. The seedlings that inoculated with potential microbes can be used for rehabilitation of old cacao trees

Morphological Agronomy Character Of Gene Mutation Of Various Varieties Of Soybean (Glycine Max L) On Drought Stress

The research objective is to identify the responsiveness of mutated soybean varieties to the growth and production, which are tolerant to drought stress. The research was held in the experimental garden of the Agricultural Technology Development Center, Maros Regency, using a randomized block design method consist of three treatments: M1 Anjasmoro, M1 Argomulyo and M1 Dena-1. The selection method carried out by leaving the treatment of plants resulting from gamma ray irradiation mutant-1, also the plants were not given water until entered the first generative phase (R1) and showed symptoms of severe wilting. having shown the symptoms, then the plants were given water again to see their recovery. The results showed the best morphological character against drought stress was M1 Dena-1. However, for the growth and production parameters, M1 Anjasmoro was the best. M1 Anjasmoro plant height 86.00 cm, the number of leaves 21,22 strands, plant dry weight 177.54 grams, the fastest flowering age 35.50 days. M1 Anjasmoro gave the best results for the parameters of 100 seeds weight (21.50 grams), seed weight per plant (18.52 grams), seed weight per plot (1.39 kg) production per hectare (2.38 tons), and the fastest harvesting age was obtained in M1 Anjasmoro (83,33 days)

Evaluation of Ethanol Extract of Red Algae (Kappaphycus Alvarezii Doty): Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Content

This study aims to determine the characterization of red algae simplicia and the amount of yield obtained from the manufacture of red algae ethanol extract using the soxhletation method. Red algae were taken from Banggai Islands Regency, South Sulawesi and processed into dry simplicia and characterized by macroscopic examination, determination of water content, content of water soluble extract and ethanol, total ash content and acid insoluble ash content. Simplicia was extracted using 96% ethanol solvent by soxhletation method and calculated the amount of yield obtained. Macroscopic observation of red algae simplicia obtained a brown coarse powder accompanied by a distinctive taste and odor. Determination of the water content of simplicia obtained 7.21%, water soluble extract content 31.54%, ethanol soluble extract content 17.27%, total ash content 33, 96% and 11.42% acid insoluble ash content. The ethanolic extract of red algae using the soxhletation method was obtained as much as 68.92 grams with a total extract yield of 13.78%. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the simplicia characterization of red algae meets the requirements and has a large extract yield

Validasi Metode Analisis Cemaran DNA Babi Pada Bakso Sapi Menggunakan Primer Mitokondria D-Loop22 Dengan Metode Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): Analysis Method Validation of Pig DNA Contamination in Cow Meatballs Using Mitochondrial Primer D-Loop22 by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Method

The frequency of non-halal ingredient mixing, such as porkin on the food processed products of meatballs, has become an issue to the public, especially for moslems. Therefore, a reliable and valid method with high sensitivity is needed to specifically detect the pig contamination. This research aims to obtain a valid and reliable method by proposing polymerase chain reaction (PCR)  using mitochondrial D-Loop22 primer as a method in handing halal food authentication. The sample consisted of beef as a negative control, pork and pork meatballs as a positivecontrol, and five samples of meat balls found in Makassar for halal inspection.The method validation assay was conducted by testing the primary specificity on the fresh tissue (beef and pork) and testing the sensitivity by making a series of pig DNA dilution (1:10;  1:102;   1:103;   1:104)   and the variations of contaminated pig:cow (%b/b) : 0.05% , 0.1%, 1%, and 5%. The result of PCR amplification on agarose gel electrophoresis of 0.8% showed that method was able to detect the pig DNA contamination specifically in pigs and not amplify other DNA, and could still be detected up to pig contamination specifically in pigs and not amplify the other DNAs and could still be detected up to pig contamination of 0.05% and on DNA dilution of 1:103. Meanwhile, on the five samples analyzed, there were  not found pig DNA contamination characterized by no formed amplification bands

Pengaruh Perendaman Ekstrak Daun Ketapang (Terminalia Cattapa) Terhadap Kelulushidupan Dan Histologi Hati Ikan Mas (Cyprinus Carpio) Yang Diinfeksi Bakteri Aeromonas Hydrophila

Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengobati serangan bakteri A. hydrophila yaitu menggunakan bahan alami seperti ekstrak daun ketapang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan ekstrak daun ketapang sebagai antibakteri A. hydrophila, mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan ekstrak daun ketapang (T. cattapa) terhadap kelulushidupan dan histologi ikan mas yang diinfeksi bakteri A. hydrophila. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimental dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan dalam penelitian tersebut adalah perlakuan A (0 ppm), B (500 ppm), C (1000 ppm) dan D (1500 ppm). Ikan mas yang digunakan sebanyak 120 ekor, kemudian disuntik bakteri A. hydrophila dengan kepadatan 107 CFU/mL secara intramuskular. Perendaman ekstrak daun ketapang dilakukan pada hari ke 2 pasca penyuntikan selama 15 menit. Nilai rata-rata kelulushidupan tertinggi hingga terendah berturut-turut yaitu 66,67% (perlakuan D), 55,67% (perlakuan C), 40% (perlakuan B) dan 3,33% (perlakuan A). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada uji sensitivitas ekstrak daun ketapang mampu memberikan efektivitas antibakteri secara in vitro. Perendaman dengan ekstrak daun ketapang menunjukkan hasil pengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap kelulushidupan ikan mas. Pengamatan gambaran histologi hati diketahui adanya nekrosis, kongesti, degenerasi vakuola dan melanomakrofag. Perendaman ekstrak daun ketapang mampu mengobati ikan mas yang diinfeksi bakteri A. hydrophila pada dosis 1500 ppm. One of the effort to heal bacterial A. hydrophila infection is using natural ingredient such as ketapan leaves. The aims of this research were to determine the ability of ketapan leaves extract as an antibacterial of A. hydrophila, the soaking effect of ketapan leaves (T. cattapa) extract toward the survival rate and histology of Carp infected by A. hydrophila. This research used experimental method with Completely Randomized Design 4 treatments and 3 replication. These treatments were 0 ppm (treatment A), 500 ppm (treatment B), 1000 ppm (treatment C) and 1500 ppm (treatment D). The experimental Carps used were 120 fish and injected by A. hydrophila with density of 107 CFU/mL intramuscularly. The soaking of ketapan leaves extract was carriedout 15 minutes and done on the 2nd day post-infection. The results showed that the average survival rate from the highest to the lowest were 66.67% (treatment D), 55.67% (treatment C), 40% (treatment B) and 3.33% (treatment A) respectively. The result of this research showed that on antibacterial sensitivity test of ketapan leaves extract was able to make an antibacterial effect from in vitro test. The soaking of ketapan leaves extract showed a significant effect (P<0.05) toward the survival rate of Carp. The results of histological observation of the liver showed necrosis, congestion, vacoula degeneration and melanomacrofage. The soaking of ketapan leaves extract could heal Carp infected by A. hydrophila at dosage of 1500 ppm

Analysis of Students' Metacognition Level in Solving Scientific Literacy on the Topic of Static Fluid

The purpose of this study is to describe students' metacognition level in solving scientific literacy. This research use the descriptive method. The subject of this research is 99 students of grade XI in SMA Batik 2 Surakarta. Data collection methods used are test methods which its instruments based on an indicator of scientific literacy and metacognition ability. Data analysis techniques use quantitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the achievement of scientific literacy in science as a body of knowledge, science as a way of thinking, science as a way of investigating, and science as an interaction between technology and society is still low at below 35%. This is due to 84% student occupy in low metacognition level that is 30% students in tacit use level, 54% students in aware use level, and only 16% students occupy in high metacognition level that is in strategic use level

Pelayanan Administrasi Kependudukan Di Desa Tahalupu Kecamatan Huamual Belakang Kabupaten Seram Bagia Barat

This research is a study that uses qualitative methods to determine and analyze Population Administration Services in Tahalupu Village, Huamual Belakang District, West Seram Regency. This research was conducted in Tahalupu Village, Huamual Belakang Subdistrict, West Seram Regency. Primary data collection was carried out through interviews with a number of informants who were directly involved in the administration service process. The results of this study describe that the quality of population administration services in Tahalupu Village is generally categorized as not good, this is evidenced by the main tasks of service employees who have not been carried out optimally because the facilities / infrastructure in the Tahalupu Village office, Huamual Belakang District, West Seram Regency are not adequate

Upaya Meningkatkan Akhlak Anak Usia Dini (5-6 Tahun) Melalui Pembelajaran Tematik Berbantuan Media Audiovisual Di Paud Al-kamal Laut Dendang

This classroom action research conducted to determine the moral improvement of early childhood (5-6 years) through thematic learning aided audiovisual media. The research location is Al-Kamal school of early childhood of Education Foundation Al-Kamal Laut Dendang. While the subject of this research is the B group students that consist of 20 students.The method that was used in this research is qualitative method with a classroom action research (PTK) model. The actions carried out in three cycles. Each cycle consists of several stages: planning, action, observation and reflection. Data collected through test instruments, observation sheet and documentation. The data that have been obtained was analyzed descriptively with the steps: data Reduce, presented the data and appealing conclusions.The results of this study indicate that the child's knowledge of Morals at pre-action to cycle one from 15 people got BM categoris with a value of 2.39 (less than 60%), and MM categories of 5 people with a value of 2.60 (60-69).Reduced to 9 people who received BM categories increased to be 11 people MM categories. Morals knowledge of children in cycle 2 to cycle 3 from 7 people got BM categories with 2.39 value (less than 60%) and amounted to be 8 people got MM categories with 2.60 value (60-69).The next category of BSH amounted to 5 people with 2.80 value (70-79), increased to 5 people who got BSH category, and BSB 15 with 3:20 value (80-100).Morals of children's skills from pre-action to cycle 1 of 11 people got BM categories with 2.39 value (less than 60%) and MM 9 people with 2.60 value (60-69).. Reduced to 5 people who received BM categories and MM category increased to 15 people with 2.60 value (60-69).Morals skills of children in cycle 2 to cycle 3, 4 people got BM categories with 2.39 value (less than 60%), and amounted 7 people MM categories with 2.60 value (60-69), who got the next BSH category amounted to 9 people. Increased to 3 people who got BSH category with 2.80 value (70-79), and 17 people who got BSB categories with 3.20 value (80-100).The response of the children on the knowledge and skills of the character in the pre-action to cycle 1 is good enough, because the children have started to understand the character's behavior.Furthermore, the response of moral knowledge and skills of the children from cycle 2 to cycle 3 good and fun because the children already understand the behavior of good character. Therefore, the children are motivated to do a good moral behavior in the classroom and out of the classroom

Analisis Disparitas Pendapatan Antar Wilayah di Provinsi Jambi (Pendekatan Entropy Theil Indeks)

This research aims to know the economic growth of the kabupaten/kota in Jambi province and to find out the economic gaps between areas in Jambi province by using the index and the Theil Entropy model using data GDP as well as the total population of the year 2011 till the year 2015. The results obtained on a regional basis the rate of development of GDP experienced a fluctuation of the years 2011 to 2015 average of 6.79%. During the period that shows the rate of economic growth was the highest average of Sarolangun Regency 7.43%. Theil Entropy of the approach over a period of years 2011 to 2015 year average index of inequalities between different areas in Jambi province is 0.426 this value indicates the index of the gap

Bilangan Peroksida Minyak Goreng Curah Dan Sifat Organoleptik Tempe Pada Pengulangan Penggorengan

The reactions that occur during the frying oil will damage the stability and the fried ingredients. The objective of research in general is to determine the effect of frying on the number of repeated frying to peroxide value, organoleptic characteristic of tempe and cooking oil. Design research using Complete Random Design (CRD) 2 repetition one factor that is repeated frying (1, 5, 10, 15, and 20). Variable in this research is bulk cooking oil and tempe. Chemical analysis consisted of the determination of water content of tempe (oven method) and the number of bulk cooking oil peroxides (AOCS Cd 8-53). The Data are then analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANAVA) with further test LSD (Least Significant Difference). The more repeated frying peroxide number is increasing. Color and aroma becomes less good tempe and cooking oil with repeated frying