Molecular and serological characterization of group A rotavirus isolates obtained from hospitalized children in Jahrom

زمینه و هدف: روتاویروس ها به عنوان یکی از مهمترین عوامل ایجاد کننده گاستروانتریت حاد در کودکان و نوجوانان محسوب می شوند. سازمان بهداشت جهانی در سال 2005 به تمامی کشورهای در حال توسعه شناسایی سروتایپ ها و ژنوتایپ های شایع این ویروس (پایش بیمارستانی) را پیشنهاد نموده است. هدف از این پژوهش، تعیین ژنوتایپ شایع روتاویروس ها با روش RT-PCR در کودکان بستری شده در بیمارستان های شهرستان جهرم به مدت یک سال است. روش بررسی: در این پژوهش توصیفی-تحلیلی، 163 نمونه مدفوع از کودکان زیر 5 سال مبتلا به اسهال شدید بستری شده در دو بیمارستان شهرستان جهرم جمع آوری شد. ابتدا گروه A روتاویروسی با روش آنزیم ایمونواسی (EIA) شناسایی و سپس ژنوتایپ نمونه های مثبت با استفاده از 9 پرایمر اختصاصی با روش RT-PCR تعیین گردید. نتایج با استفاده از آزمون های مربع کای، t-test و آزمون دقیق فیشر مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته ها: از مجموع 163 نمونه جمع آوری شده 75 (2/46) مورد با روش الایزا از نظر وجود روتاویروس مثبت ارزیابی شدند. فراوانی ژنوتایپ های G1، G2، G3، G4، G9 و مخلوط (MIX) به ترتیب: 13 (33/17)، 10 (34/13)، 2 (67/2)، 23 (66/30)، 2 (67/2) و 2 (67/2) بود. بیشترین شیوع مربوط به فصل زمستان با فراوانی 69/22 و کمترین شیوع مربوط به فصل تابستان با فراوانی 29/4 بود (05/0

Synthesis Of Novel Reducing Agent for Formation of Metronidazole-Capped Silver Nanoparticle and Evaluating Antibacterial Efficiency in Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria

In this study, a new type of silver nanoparticles capped with metronidazolium based ionic liquid is synthesized. By this aim, metronidazole is altered to ionic-liquid type structure with citrate counter ion as reducing agent. The produced reducing agent was characterized using 1HNMR and 13CNMR and FT-IR. The capability of metronidazolium-based reducing agent in formation and capping silver nanoparticles was examined in a chemical reaction. More specifically, synthesized silver nanoparticles were synthesized and capped with metronidazolium-citrate based ionic liquid, while the formation of particles in 48 h was monitored by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed the presence of capping agents around silver nanoparticles. The amount of metronidazolium and citrate as capping agents was determined by thermal gravimetric analysis. The prepared crystalline structure of silver nanoparticles was proved by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. PSA analysis and TEM was performed to determine the size of particles. The synthesized silver nanoparticle has the potential to be used as an antibacterial agent in preparation of wound dressing with extra capability and efficacy in aerobic and anaerobic bacterium. In this regard, the antibacterial efficacy of discs from different concentration of silver nanoparticles in calcium alginate medium were evaluated in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterium

Stimuli-responsive hydrogel based on natural polymers for breast cancer

Aims: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women in both high- and low-resource settings. Conventional breast cancer therapies were inefficient and had low patient compliance. Stimuli-responsive hydrogels possessing similar physicochemical features as soft tissue facilitate diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for breast cancer subtypes.Scope: Polysaccharides and polypeptides are major natural polymers with unique biocompatibility, biodegradability, and feasible modification approaches utilized frequently for hydrogel fabrication. Alternating the natural polymer-based hydrogel properties in response to external stimuli such as pH, temperature, light, ultrasonic, enzyme, glucose, magnetic, redox, and electric have provided great potential for the evolution of novel drug delivery systems (DDSs) and various advanced technologies in medical applications. Stimuli-responsive hydrogels are triggered by specific cancer tissue features, promote target delivery techniques, and modify release therapeutic agents at localized sites. This narrative review presented innovation in preparing and characterizing the most common stimuli-responsive natural polymer-based hydrogels for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in the breast cancer area.Conclusion: Stimuli-responsive hydrogels display bioinspiration products as DDSs for breast cancer subtypes, protect the shape of breast tissue, provide modified drug release, enhance therapeutic efficacy, and minimize chemotherapy agents’ side effects. The potential benefits of smart natural polymer-based hydrogels make them an exciting area of practice for breast cancer diagnosis and treatment

Thiol-reducing agents abate cholestasis-induced lung inflammation, oxidative stress, and histopathological alterations

Cholestasis is not only influences the hepatic function but also damages many other organs. Lung injury is a critical secondary organ damage associated with cholestasis/cirrhosis. Pulmonary histopathological alterations, respiratory distress, and hypoxia are related to cholestasis/cirrhosis-induced lung injury. It has been found that oxidative stress plays a crucial role in this complication. The current study was designed to investigate the effect of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and dithiothreitol (DTT) as thiol-reducing and antioxidant agents against cholestasis-induced lung injury. Bile duct ligated (BDL) rats were monitored for the presence of inflammatory cells, TNF-α, and IgG levels in their broncho-alveolar fluid (BALF) at scheduled time intervals (3, 7, 14, and 28 days post-BDL surgery). These markers reached their highest level in the BALF of BDL rats on day 28 after the surgery. Therefore, in another set of experiments, the BDL animals were treated with NAC (100 and 300 mg/kg/day, i.p, for 28 consecutive days) and DTT (10 and 20 mg/kg/day, i.p, for 28 consecutive days). Meanwhile, a significant increase in the levels of TNF-α and IgG was detected in the BALF of BDL rats. The BALF level of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes was also significantly increased in cholestatic animals. A significant increase in lung tissue biomarkers of oxidative stress was detected in the BDL rats. It was found that NAC and DTT could significantly blunt pulmonary damage induced by cholestasis. The effects of these agents on oxidative stress biomarkers and inflammatory response seem to play a pivotal role in their mechanisms of protective properties

Synthesize of pluronic-based nanovesicular formulation loaded with Pistacia atlantica extract for improved antimicrobial efficiency

One of the current concerns to human health is antibiotic resistance, which promotes the use of antibiotics that are more harmful, expensive, and ineffective. In this condition, researchers are turning to innovative options to combat this alarming situation. Combining herbal medicine with nanotechnology has created a new strategy to increase the effectiveness of phytochemical compounds in overcoming antimicrobial resistance. Pistacia atlantica is one of the promising herbs with medicinal benefits, but its poor solubility in biological fluids is challenging. In this regard, we seek to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of Pistacia atlantica extract-loaded nanovesicle. Cholesterol, Span 40, and Pluronic F127 modified nanoformulation was developed using an environmentally friendly improved heating technique, and it was evaluated for size distribution, zeta potential, morphology, entrapment efficiency (EE%), release behavior, stability, and antimicrobial performance. By using DLS, spherical nanovesicles were identified with a size distribution of 50–150 nm and a zeta potential of −43 mV. The extract's encapsulation efficiency was 72.03%. The developed loaded nanovesicles demonstrated controlled extract release in the tested 96 h and storage stability of at least 12 months at 25 °C. Also, Comparing the two samples, the encapsulated extract had greater antibacterial activity against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas plecoglossicida with MIC of 1320, 570, and 1100 µg/mL, respectively. Besides reducing the misuse of antibiotics by allowing for the controlled release of drugs made from natural sources, we expect the findings described here to help provide alternative plant-based formulations with greater stability and antibacterial activity

A Robust Integrated Approach for Optimal Management of Power Networks Encompassing Wind Power Plants

This paper basically concentrates on providing some significant steps for congestion management of the power systems based on an interval-based robust chance constrained transmission switching (IBRCC-TS) approach for decreasing the congestion of the system while increasing the robustness of the system against uncertainties of the wind turbines. However, the utilization of TS approach in the power system is a severe challenge, since there is no limitation over the switching rate during a certain timespan in the network as well as the power switches\u27 failure uncertainty. Besides, the frequent switching by the TS method decreases the switch maintenance and puts the network reliability at risk. To overcome this problem, the reliability of the circuit breakers (CBs) is considered in the studied model aiming to determine the optimal number of the switching of the CBs. In addition, due to the nonlinear relation of CBs\u27 reliability, a linearization technique is performed to linearize the CBs\u27 reliability relation. Another step which is pursued in this paper is the utilization of energy storage system (ESS) to increase the reliability and decrease the congestion of the system. The effectiveness of the algorithm is compared with some of the well-known meta-heuristic algorithms and the proposed model is implemented on the IEEE 6-bus and 24-bus test systems. The obtained results proved the authenticity and validity of the work

Inhibition of CYP1A1 by pharmaceutical drugs, omeprazol and ketoconazole as a mechanism for activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)

Omeprazole (OMP) and ketoconazole (KTZ) have been shown to activate the AHR signaling pathway in spite of the fact that they bind to the receptor with low or no affinity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether KTZ and OMP can act as indirect activator of AHR. In order to evaluate the effects of KTZ and OMP on AHR signaling, we measured cytochromes p450 (CYP1A1) enzyme activity by ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) assay as endpoint. FICZ, at 1nM concentration, caused a transient elevation in the catalytic activity of CYP 1A1. KTZ and OMP were found to be inducer of CYP1A1 at concentrations above 50 µM. At early time of incubation (3hr), a dose-dependent inhibition of FICZ-induced EROD activity was seen. When OMP or KTZ were added together with FICZ, a prolonged activation of CYP1A1 was observed at later time of incubation (24h). Taken together, our findings support the earlier observation that we shown that CYP 1A1 inhibitors can act as an AHR activator though inhibition of metabolic degradation of FICZ. </p

Synthesize of pluronic-based nanovesicular formulation loaded with Pistacia atlantica extract for improved antimicrobial efficiency

One of the current concerns to human health is antibiotic resistance, which promotes the use of antibiotics that are more harmful, expensive, and ineffective. In this condition, researchers are turning to innovative options to combat this alarming situation. Combining herbal medicine with nanotechnology has created a new strategy to increase the effectiveness of phytochemical compounds in overcoming antimicrobial resistance. Pistacia atlantica is one of the promising herbs with medicinal benefits, but its poor solubility in biological fluids is challenging. In this regard, we seek to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of Pistacia atlantica extract-loaded nanovesicle. Cholesterol, Span 40, and Pluronic F127 modified nanoformulation was developed using an environmentally friendly improved heating technique, and it was evaluated for size distribution, zeta potential, morphology, entrapment efficiency (EE%), release behavior, stability, and antimicrobial performance. By using DLS, spherical nanovesicles were identified with a size distribution of 50–150 nm and a zeta potential of −43 mV. The extract's encapsulation efficiency was 72.03%. The developed loaded nanovesicles demonstrated controlled extract release in the tested 96 h and storage stability of at least 12 months at 25 °C. Also, Comparing the two samples, the encapsulated extract had greater antibacterial activity against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas plecoglossicida with MIC of 1320, 570, and 1100 µg/mL, respectively. Besides reducing the misuse of antibiotics by allowing for the controlled release of drugs made from natural sources, we expect the findings described here to help provide alternative plant-based formulations with greater stability and antibacterial activity

Investigations of antiproliferative and antioxidant activity of β-lactam morpholino-1,3,5-triazine hybrids

TARAMAPUBMEDTARAMASCOPUSTARAMAWOSThis article reports for the first time the synthesis of some novel β-lactam morpholino-1,3,5-triazine hybrids by a [2+2]-cycloaddition reaction of imines 7a–c, 9a–c and 11 with ketenes derived from substituted acetic acids. The reaction was totally diastereoselective, leading exclusively to the formation of cis-β-lactams 8a–l, 10a–f and 12a–c. The synthesized compounds were tested for activity towards SW1116, MCF-7 and HepG2 cancer cell lines and non-cancerous HEK-293 cell line by MTT assay. None of the compounds exert an observable effect on HepG2, MCF-7 and HEK-293 cells, but compounds 7b, 8f, 8g, 8l, 10c, and 10e exhibited excellent growth inhibitory activity (IC50 7b > 8f > 8g. Collectively, the in vitro capabilities of some of these morpholino-triazine imines and β- lactams suggest possible applications to development of new antioxidants and DNA binding therapeutics.Şiraz Üniversitesi (96-GR-SC-23

Three-Component Synthesis of Chromeno β-Lactam Hybrids for Inflammation and Cancer Screening

International audienceHighly diastereoselective synthesis of chromeno β-lactam hybrids was achieved by an efficient one-pot three-component reaction. With this procedure, the desired β-lactam products were obtained in good yields and with exclusive cis stereoselection, by combining a variety of benzaldehydes, malononitrile, and either 5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione or 4-hydroxycoumarin in the presence of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane under reflux conditions. These adducts were structurally characterized on the basis of IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR spectral data and elemental analysis. Each of the synthesized compounds was screened for anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. β-Lactams 5b and 8b showed a 53.4 and 19.8 anti-inflammatory ratio, respectively, and 5b appeared more active than the well-known dexamethasone corticosteroid used for the treatment of rheumatoid and skin inflammation. β-Lactams 5a, 5b, 5e, 5f, 5g, 8c, 8j and 8p also showed good antitumor activity against the SW1116 (colon cancer) cell line without notable cytotoxicity towards the HepG2 control cell line