Emojis and the Neoliberal Coding of Diversity

This article focuses on the representation of ethnic diversity in multicultural emojis. Multicultural emojis are interpreted in this study as a neoliberal representation of diversity that has reincorporated white supremacist ideology traits, namely color classification, and the Vitruvian Man body design. Thus, I argue that multicultural emojis primarily reflect a typical Western worldview which supports a Eurocentric monoculturalism. Multicultural emojis can, therefore, be interpreted as serving as a set of body depictions whose façade shows diversity while keeping the privilege of the Caucasian body at its core. In the context of this article, code refers to both formulation in the form of symbols and signs, and the signs and signals of communication. The neoliberal coding of the human body, then, highlights how the human body is translated into neoliberal signals or symbols. Neoliberalism values a global market and embraces diversity within this rationale. I argue that instead of trying to eliminate racism by valuing diverse identities equally, neoliberalism lays the ground for the assimilation of diversity into the Western model of subjectivity, which, at its best, offers partial and biased perspectives. To discuss my point, I investigate two visual codes of multicultural emojis: color categorization and the Vitruvian Man body template. I propose that different ethnicities are displayed in emojis through a Jim Crow-type segregative mindset, which defines identity as ‘color.’ At the heart of this thinking, one can find the association of ‘whiteness’ with pureness, and ‘blackness’ with evilness. Second, the body template in multicultural emojis is limited to a Western body-drawing tradition rooted in the sketches of the Vitruvian Man; an illustration that has traditionally represented the Caucasian body model against whose proportions the body of others should be measured and considered normal/abnormal

An investigation on the helminth parasites of Caspian turtle (Mauremys caspica) with a taxonomic note on recovered Falcaustra Lane, 1915 (Nematoda: Kathlaniidae) and Spiroxys Schneider, 1866 species (Nematoda: Gnathostomatidae)

In this study, the digestive tracts of the Caspian turtles (Mauremys caspica) were investigated for the presence of helminth infections. Specimens of roundworms were recovered from the large intestine and stomach of the Caspian turtles. The morphologic measures revealed the infection with nematodes of the genus Falcaustra and Spiroxys. However, some differences were found in the collected Falcaustra specimens compared to the previous descriptions. In parallel, samples were analyzed by sequencing of the ribosomal gene targets. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the Falcaustra species as members of superfamily Cosmocercoidea were grouped with some members of Ascaridoidea and Spiruroidea. Despite the significant morphologic differences, Spiroxys species formed a sister group with ascaroid and cosmocercoid roundworms. Therefore, our molecular findings revealed that the taxonomic position of both nematodes need be revised

Experimental and Modelling of CO2 Absorption in a Bubble Column Using a Water-Based Nanofluid Containing Co-Doped SiO2 Nanoparticles

Acknowledgments The authors are grateful to Shiraz University for supporting this research.Peer reviewe

Factors Affecting Goods and Currency Smuggling in the Draft Bill to Combat Goods and Currency Smuggling

Goods and currency smuggling not only hurts government’s supporting objectives but also causes to lose the effects of government’s tariff and non-tariff policies. While the smugglers do not pay the government right, it leads to reducing investment in the industry, reducing the volume of manufacturing activities in the country and finally reducing the employment. Since the world customs, as the most important executives in foreign trade regulations and key ring of international trade supply chain, are the only organizations responsible to evaluate and monitor the movement of goods crossing the borders they play roles in the context of their objectives and assigned tasks. In order to facilitate foreign trade while applying control regulations, measures to harmonize the customs procedures and systems are essential and indispensable. Factors and processes affecting the customs functions, the atmosphere in which the customs work, and finally, the custom’s approach and interaction with these factors and conditions are the issues that form the investigation of operational environment. In a general classification, the causes of smuggling are divided into three economic, political, and cultural - social categories each of them having consequences and solutions to handle. Todays, the phenomenon of smuggling is so important that any government needs to make decisions for the effective monitoring of this phenomenon. Accordingly, some certain rules must be legislated in order to reduce any risk in this field and stop smugglers. In 1927 and perhaps earlier, in this field some rules have been legislated in Iran but always met the shortcomings. In order to overcome these shortcomings, the rules to combat goods and currency smuggling were legislated in 2013 and approved by Guardian Council. It is hoped to take serious steps to deal with smuggling by the rules

Quality of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Emergency Department Based on the AHA 2015 Guidelines; a Brief Report

Introduction: Adhering to existing guidelines on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can increase the survival rate of the patients. The present study has been designed with the aim of determining the quality of CPR performed in the emergency department based on the latest protocol by the American heart association (AHA).Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study CPR process was audited in patients above 18 years old in need of CPR presenting to the emergency departments of 3 teaching hospitals based on the AHA 2015 guidelines. Less than 60% agreement was considered as fail, 60-70% as poor, 70-80% as moderate, 80-90% as good, and 90-100% as excellent.Results: 80 cases of CPR were audited (55% male).  Location of arrest was the hospital in 58 (72.5%) cases and 48 (60.0%) of the cases happened during the day. 28 (35.0%) cases had orotracheal intubation before the initiation of CPR. 30 (37.5%) patients had a shockable rhythm at the initiation of CPR. Based on the findings, out of the 31 studied items, 9 (29.03%) had excellent agreement, 10 (32.25%) had good, 4 (12.90%) had moderate, 2 (6.45%) had poor, and 6 (19.35%) had fail agreement rate.Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, the quality of applying the principles of basic and advanced CPR in the emergency department of the studied hospital had intermediate, poor and fail agreement with the recommendations of the AHA 2015 in at least one third of the cases

Diagnostic Accuracy of Abdominal wall Ultrasonography and Local Wound Exploration in Predicting the Need for Laparotomy following Stab Wound

Introduction: Screening of patients with anterior abdominal penetrating trauma in need for laparotomy is an important issue in management of these cases. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of abdominal wall ultrasonography (AWU) and local wound exploration (LWE) in this regard.Methods: This diagnostic accuracy study was conducted on ≥ 18 year-old patients presenting to emergency department with anterior abdominal stab wound and stable hemodynamics, to compare the characteristics of AWU and LWE in screening of patients in need of laparotomy.Results: 50 cases with the mean age of 28.44 ± 7.14 years were included (80% male). Sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of AWU were 70.58 (95% CI: 44.04 – 88.62), 93.33 (95% CI: 76.49 – 98.83), and 81.96 (95% CI: 69.91 – 94.01), respectively. These measures were 88.23 (62.25 – 97.93), 93.33 (76.49 – 98.83), and 90.78 (95% CI: 81.67 – 99.89) for LWE, respectively. The difference in overall accuracy of the two methods was not statistically significant (p = 0.0641).Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, AWU and LWE had the same specificity but different sensitivities in screening of anterior abdominal stab wound patients in need of laparotomy. The overall accuracy of LWE was slightly higher (91.48% versus 85.1%)