An Open Resource for Non-human Primate Imaging.

Non-human primate neuroimaging is a rapidly growing area of research that promises to transform and scale translational and cross-species comparative neuroscience. Unfortunately, the technological and methodological advances of the past two decades have outpaced the accrual of data, which is particularly challenging given the relatively few centers that have the necessary facilities and capabilities. The PRIMatE Data Exchange (PRIME-DE) addresses this challenge by aggregating independently acquired non-human primate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) datasets and openly sharing them via the International Neuroimaging Data-sharing Initiative (INDI). Here, we present the rationale, design, and procedures for the PRIME-DE consortium, as well as the initial release, consisting of 25 independent data collections aggregated across 22 sites (total = 217 non-human primates). We also outline the unique pitfalls and challenges that should be considered in the analysis of non-human primate MRI datasets, including providing automated quality assessment of the contributed datasets

Functional rostro-caudal gradient in the human posterior lateral frontal cortex

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Corrélats neuronaux des choix comportementaux chez le singe rhesus (rôle des cortex limbiques)

Dans la vie de tous les jours, résoudre rapidement les problèmes auxquels nous sommes confrontés et prendre des décisions rationnelles est crucial en terme de survie et de qualité de survie de l'organisme. Nous décrivons ici d'une part, un modèle animal de prise de décision et d'autre part, des données neurobiologiques sur le rôle du cortex orbitofrontal et cingulaire antérieur dans les prises de décision. Le paradigme expérimental est une tâche dans laquelle l'environnement est complexe et ambigu. Dans cette tâche, issue de la théorie des jeux, l'animal doit identifier, parmi deux cibles inconnues, celle qui délivre la plus grande quantité de récompense au terme d'un certain nombre d'essai. Cette identification est difficile car chaque cible dispense, à chaque essai, des récompenses variables avec des probabilités fixes. Les résultats comportementaux montrent que l'animal cherche et trouve la meilleure cible. Cette tâche permet ainsi d'étudier les bases neuronales de la prise de décision dans un environnement probabiliste.Les études neurobiologiques combinent enregistrements unitaires dans le cortex orbitofrontal (OFC) et cingulaire antérieur (ACC) ainsi que des inactivations transitoires au sein de l' ACC. Les résultats montrent le rôle de ces deux aires dans le traitement de la dimension récompense de la tâche. Le cortex cingulaire antérieur fixe des valeurs normatives à l'action. Il donne un objectif quantitatif pour la récompense. Cet objectif est la quantité de récompense moyenne correspondant au choix optimal. La connaissance de cette valeur (i.e. la "valeur du jeu") lui vient du conditionnement. L'animal l'a mémorisée et il l'a rappelle en début de tâche. Notre hypothèse est qu'elle lui permet de trouver la bonne solution. Ainsi, ces résultats et hypothèses précisent et raffinent l'idée selon laquelle les cortex de la ligne médiane exercent un contrôle "interne" de l'actionLYON1-BU.Sciences (692662101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Reward encoding in the monkey anterior cingulate cortex.

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is known to play a crucial role in the fast adaptations of behavior based on immediate reward values. What is less certain is whether the ACC is also involved in long-term adaptations to situations with uncertain outcomes. To study this issue, we placed macaque monkeys in a probabilistic context in which the appropriate strategy to maximize reward was to identify the stimulus with the highest reward value (optimal stimulus). Only knowledge of the theoretical average reward value associated with this stimulus--referred to as 'the task value'--was available. Remarkably, in each trial, ACC pre-reward activity correlated with the task value. Importantly, this neuronal activity was observed prior to the discovery of the optimal stimulus. We hypothesize that the received rewards and the task value, constructed a priori through learning, are used to guide behavior and identify the optimal stimulus. We tested this hypothesis by muscimol deactivation of the ACC. As predicted, this inactivation impaired the search for the optimal stimulus. We propose that ACC participates in long-term adaptation of voluntary reward-based behaviors by encoding general task values and received rewards

Anterior cingulate error-related activity is modulated by predicted reward

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Variations of cingulate sulcal organization and link with cognitive performance

Abstract The sulcal morphology of the human medial frontal cortex has received marked interest because of (1) its remarkable link with the functional organization of this region, and (2) observations that deviations from ‘normal’ sulcal morphological variability correlate with the prevalence of some psychiatric disorders, cognitive abilities, or personality traits. Unfortunately, background studies on environmental or genetic factors influencing the ontogenesis of the sulcal organization in this region are critically lacking. We analysed the sulcal morphological organization in this region in twins and non-twin siblings, as well as in control subjects for a total of 599 subjects from the Human Connectome Project. The data first confirm significant biases in the presence of paracingulate sulci in left vs right hemispheres in the whole population (twin: p < 2.4.10−9; non-twin: p < 2.10−6) demonstrating a clear general laterality in human subjects. Second, measures of similarity between siblings and estimations of heritability suggest significant environmental factors, in particular in-womb environment, and weak additive genetic factors influencing the presence of a paracingulate sulcus. Finally, we found that relationships between sulcal organization and performance in cognitive, motor, and affective tests depend on the twin status (Twins versus Non-twins). These results provide important new insights to the issue of the significance of sulcal organization in the human medial frontal cortex

Cognitive control of vocalizations in the primate ventrolateral-dorsomedial frontal (VLF-DMF) brain network

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Reward anticipation, cognition, and electrodermal activity in the conditioned monkey.

International audienceIn the present report, we examine electrodermal activity (skin conductance responses, SCRs) in monkeys trained to perform target-selection (TS) tests. In each test, the animal was presented in successive trials with the same two unequally rewarded targets on a touch screen. The probabilistic contingencies of the rewards associated with each target rendered the selection of the best difficult. Our findings revealed SCRs time-locked to the arm movements toward the rewarded targets, occurring after the target touches. Parameters of the SCRs were stable when the uncertainty of the choices and of the outcomes varied. The results support the hypothesis that the physiological processes indexed by the SCRs are the correlate of anticipatory appetitive behavior. In contrast, there is no evidence that the SCRs reflect cognitive processes associated with the detection of the best target