Art Research and Curriculum to Accomplish Multicultural Goals

If there were no budget constraints, art education would be nice. Most people agree it’s fun to do, and students do enjoy it. But most people also think it\u27s a frill and unnecessary. As thinking art educators, we must address these issues and the concerns of our policy makers. We must definitively respond to the questions of why we spend all that time, effort, and money teaching art

Long-Range Proton Conduction Across Free-Standing Serum Albumin

Free‐standing serum‐albumin mats can transport protons over millimetre length‐scales. The results of photoinduced proton transfer and voltage‐driven proton‐conductivity measurements, together with temperature‐dependent and isotope‐effect studies, suggest that oxo‐amino‐acids of the protein serum albumin play a major role in the translocation of protons via an “over‐the‐barrier” hopping mechanism. The use of proton‐conducting protein mats opens new possibilities for bioelectronic interfaces

Marked changes in electron transport through the blue copper protein azurin in the solid state upon deuteration

Measuring electron transport (ETp) across proteins in the solid-state offers a way to study electron transfer (ET) mechanism(s) that minimizes solvation effects on the process. Solid state ETp is sensitive to any static (conformational) or dynamic (vibrational) changes in the protein. Our macroscopic measurement technique extends the use of ETp meas-urements down to low temperatures and the concomitant lower current densities, because the larger area still yields measurable currents. Thus, we reported previously a surprising lack of temperature-dependence for ETp via the blue copper protein azurin (Az), from 80K till denaturation, while ETp via apo-(Cu-free) Az was found to be temperature de-pendent \geq 200K. H/D substitution (deuteration) can provide a potentially powerful means to unravel factors that affect the ETp mechanism at a molecular level. Therefore, we measured and report here the kinetic deuterium isotope effect (KIE) on ETp through holo-Az as a function of temperature (30-340K). We find that deuteration has a striking effect in that it changes ETp from temperature independent to temperature dependent above 180K. This change is expressed in KIE values between 1.8 at 340K and 9.1 at \leq 180K. These values are particularly remarkable in light of the previously reported inverse KIE on the ET in Az in solution. The high values that we obtain for the KIE on the ETp process across the protein monolayer are consistent with a transport mechanism that involves through-(H-containing)-bonds of the {\beta}-sheet structure of Az, likely those of am-ide groups.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures, 2 Supplementary figure

Electron Hopping Across Hemin-Doped Serum Albumin Mats on Centimeter-Length Scales

Protein-based free-standing mats can be used as macroscopic electron mediators. We demonstrate how molecular-doping of a serum albumin mat with hemin, permits electron hopping between adjacent hemin molecules and results in the highest measured centimetre length scales conductance for a protein-based material yet reported. The hemin-doped protein mats display both biocompatibility and fabrication simplicity, which present advantages for their use in bioelectronic devices

Direct evidence for heme-assisted solid-state electronic conduction in multi-heme c-type cytochromes

Multi-heme cytochrome c (CytC) proteins are key for transferring electrons out of cells, to enable intracellular oxidation to proceed, also in the absence of O2. In these proteins most of the hemes are arranged in a linear array suggesting a facile path for electronic conduction. To test this, we studied solvent free electron transport across two multi-heme CytC-type: MtrF (deca-heme CytC) and STC (tetra-heme CytC). Transport is measured across monolayers of these proteins in solid state configuration between Au electrodes. Both proteins showed 1,000x higher conductance than single heme, or heme-free proteins, but similar to monolayers of conjugated organics. Conductances are found to be temperature-independent (320-80K), suggesting tunneling as the transport mechanism based on present experimental data. This mechanism is consistent with modelling the I-V curves, results of which could be interpreted by having protein-electrode coupling as rate limiting, rather than transport within the proteins

Lunar navigation study, sections 1 through 7 Final report, Jun. 1964 - May 1965

Lunar navigation analysis using passive nongyro, inertial navigation, and radio frequency technolog

Lunar navigation study, summary volume Final report, Jun. 1964 - May 1965

Lunar surface navigation and guidance study to implement lunar surface vehicle exploration mission

A structural and physical study of sol–gel methacrylate–silica hybrids: intermolecular spacing dictates the mechanical properties

Sol–gel hybrids are inorganic/organic co-networks with nanoscale interactions between the components leading to unique synergistic mechanical properties, which can be tailored, via a selection of the organic moiety. Methacrylate based polymers present several benefits for class II hybrids (which exhibit formal covalent bonding between the networks) as they introduce great versatility and can be designed with a variety of chemical side-groups, structures and morphologies. In this study, the effect of high cross-linking density polymers on the structure–property relationships of hybrids generated using poly(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl methacrylate) (pTMSPMA) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) was investigated. The complexity and fine scale of the co-network interactions requires the development of new analytical methods to understand how network evolution dictates the wide-ranging mechanical properties. Within this work we developed data manipulation techniques of acoustic-AFM and solid state NMR output that provide new approaches to understand the influence of the network structure on the macroscopic elasticity. The concentration of pTMSPMA in the silica sol affected the gelation time, ranging from 2 h for a hybrid made with 75 wt% inorganic with pTMSPMA at 2.5 kDa, to 1 minute for pTMSPMA with molecular weight of 30 kDa without any TEOS. A new mechanism of gelation was proposed based on the different morphologies derived by AC-AFM observations. We established that the volumetric density of bridging oxygen bonds is an important parameter in structure/property relationships in SiO2 hybrids and developed a method for determining it from solid state NMR data. The variation in the elasticity of pTMSPMA/SiO2 hybrids originated from pTMSPMA acting as a molecular spacer, thus decreasing the volumetric density of bridging oxygen bonds as the inorganic to organic ratio decreased