Prediction of subsidence due to underground mining by artificial neural networks

Alternatively to empirical prediction methods, methods based on influential functions and on mechanical model, artificial neural networks (ANNs) can be used for the surface subsidence prediction. In our case, the multi-layer feed-forward neural network was used. The training and testing of neural network is based on the available data. Input variables represent extraction parameters and coordinates of the points of interest, while the output variable represents surface subsidence data. After the neural network has been successfully trained, its performance is tested on a separate testing set. Finally, the surface subsidence trough above the projected excavation is predicted by the trained neural network. The applicability of ANN for the prediction of surface subsidence was verified in different subsidence models and proved on actual excavated levels and in levelled data on surface profile points in the Velenje Coal Mine. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

GPS-derived geoid using artificial neural network and least squares collocation

The geoidal undulations are needed for determining the orthometric heights from the Global Positioning System GPS-derived ellipsoidal heights. There ore several methods for geoidal undulation determination. The paper presents a method employing the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approximation together with the Least Squares Collocation (LSC). The surface obtained by the ANN approximation is used as a trend surface in the least squares collocation. In numerical examples four surfaces were compared: the global geopotential model (EGM96), the European gravimetric quasigeoid 1997 (EGG97), the surface approximated with minimum curvature splines in tension algorithm and the ANN surface approximation. The effectiveness of the ANN surface approximation depends on the number of control points. If the number of well-distributed control points is sufficiently large, the results are better than those obtained by the minimum curvature algorithm and comparable to those obtained by the EGG97 model

Processing of old cadastral surveying data for improvement of land cadastre index map

The main purpose of this graduation thesis is the analysis and reconstruction of old cadastral surveying\ud documentation for improvement of land cadastre index maps for the study area in the city municipality\ud of Novo mesto. In this graduation thesis we were dealing with the cadastral municipality Črešnjice.\ud Theoretical part includes historical review of development of land cadastre in Slovenia and legal\ud setting from beginning up today. In the continuation, there is reconstruction of cadastral surveying\ud documents, analyses of formation of cadastral surveying documents, used measuring tool and\ud methods. The input data for the analysis were obtained at the Archive of the Republic of Slovenia and\ud regional office of The surveying and mapping authority in Novo mesto. The results represent\ud comparison of reconstruct cadastral surveying documentation with current land cadastral index map\ud and usability of cadastral surveying documentation for quality improvement of the land cadastre index\ud map

Deformation analysis: The Fredericton approach

In this article, the Fredericton approach to deformation \ud analysis is presented. It is possible to use several \ud deformation models to determine the differences \ud between the geodetic observations or between the \ud coordinates of points in geodetic network in more \ud epochs. The most appropriate deformation model has \ud been chosen based on statistical testing and available \ud information about dynamics at the area of interest. \ud First, a theoretical background of the approach \ud is described. Then it is applied to the generated \ud observations in two epochs. In the present example, the \ud results of the Fredericton approach differ only slightly \ud from the results obtained with the Delft, Karlsruhe in \ud Hannover approache

Use of Automatic Target Recognition System for the Displacement Measurements in a Small Diameter Tunnel Ahead of the Face of the Motorway Tunnel During Excavation

During construction of the Sentvid tunnel a unique opportunity arose to measure the 3D displacements ahead of the motorway tunnel excavation face, since the exploratory tunnel was already constructed in the axis of the main tunnel. According to reviewed literature such measurements had not been performed yet and several problems regarding equipment and complete scheme of the experiment needed to be overcome. The paper gives a brief description of the Sentvid tunnel project, presents significant factors that affected the choice of the geodetic equipment and describes the scheme of the experiment. A special attention is focused on the problems relating to the operation of the instrument in demanding environmental conditions (water, dust)

Determination of the nonverticality of high chimneys

This article deals with practical examples of the applications of modern tachymeters in the determination of the nonverticality of high industrial chimneys, as an alternative to the classic methods. The possibility of a reflectorless measuring mode to determine the point cloud at the chimney's circumference is described. Using these points, we are able to model the chimney as a mathematically correct body using the least squares adjustment method. Subsequently, the unknown nonverticality of the chimney is determined as the deviation of the primary axis of the modelled body from the vertical

Libraries and the library system of Slovenia

This paper provides a brief introduction to the Republic of Slovenia and presents a history of its library system. Although the first “public” library opened in 1569 and the first “public” research library in 1701, the current library system originated in the twentieth century, after World War I. The library system of Slovenia today is an organized network consisting of publicly funded libraries of all types, which have been in continuous development since the end of World War II. Several academic and research libraries started using informationretrieval systems in the early 1970s, while other Slovenian libraries started using automated services during the late 1980s. Slovenian libraries have recently reached a relatively high level of development and are now focused on providing digital resources and other new services to their users. While digital libraries are active these days and several acquisition consortia are currently providing user access to numerous resources after a long period of stable and significant growth, the recent global financial crisis provoked austerity measures that are threatening the continued development of the country’s library system.published or submitted for publicatio

Mine surveillance measurements during the building of NOP II shaft

The Velenje Coal Mine is building a new shaft NOP II for the \ud transportation of coal from the mine. The entrance of the shaft, \ud which is determined on the surface, and the bottom of the \ud shaft, which is expected in the point determined at the bottom \ud of the shaft, must be within the same vertical and horizontal \ud coordinate system. The starting points for the measurements \ud are the points determined on the surface, which are stable \ud or have a determined direction and velocity. The transfer of \ud the coordinate system from the surface into the shaft can be \ud carried out with the measurements using various methods. \ud The results of the measurements and the calculations are the \ud coordinate points in the shaft that are in the same coordinate \ud system as those on the surface. They are very suitable for the \ud determination of the designed NOP II shaft. At the beginning \ud of this task, we planned to determine the coordinates of the \ud starting points with a maximum precision. Based on the \ud results of an analysis, we can conclude that we performed \ud each phase of the work very well and achieved the tasks set

Micropropagation of the narrow endemic Hladnikia pastinacifolia (Apiaceae)

The monotypic Hladnikia pastinacifolia Rchb. is a narrow endemic species, with an extremely small distribution area in Slovenia, prone to any kind of threat that could lead to species extinction. Tissue culture techniques are proposed as a conservation measure for rapid propagation and ex-situ conservation. Tissue culture was initiated from seeds and juvenile plants obtained from natural sites on a solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, with and without growth regulators. We tested various combinations and concentrations of growth regulators, and the best proliferation of axillary shoots, on average 14, was obtained on MS medium with 5 μM BAP and 3 μM IBA and 3% sucrose. Rooting was achieved after transferral of the shoots to an MS medium with 2 μM IBA and 3% sucrose. The rooted plants were acclimatized on a mixture of limestone sand, potting soil and vermiculite in a ratio of 10:2:2, with pH in the range of 7.5–8.0. In vitro propagation methods provide an important opportunity for the propagation and preservation of H. pastinacifolia by rapidly increasing the number of plants, without disturbing the wild population