ANALISA GAMBARAN POST MORTEM MAKROSKOPIS DAN MIKROSKOPIS ORGAN PARU DAN USUS HALUS PADA TIKUS WISTAR SETELAH PEMBERIAN WARFARIN LD-50 DAN LD-100

Introduction : More than 800.000 people died every years from suicide, and in 2012 suicidal acts on 15-29 years old become the second most cause. Suicide by poison is one of the most used, Warfarins role here aside from its therapeutical effect as anticoagulant, and also as rodenticide in household often misused for a way to suicide. This study is aimed to analyze the differences of macroscopic and microscopics representation in lungs and small intestine on Wistar mouse after LD50 dan LD100 Warfarin administration. Method : This is experimental analytic study, using total sample of 27 mouse, male Rattus norvegicus as the sample. These 27 mouse will be divided into 3 group, 9 eachs. First group is administered LD50 Warfarin, second group is administered LD100 Warfarin, and the third group as control. Result : there is no differences in macroscopic aspect of lung control group with group LD50 dan LD100, in microscopic showed massive haemmorhage. On small intestines there is differences from control group with LD50 dan LD100. Conclussion : Toxic effect from warfarin showed in microscopic view of organs with hemorrhage and destruction of its tissues. Keyword : Warfarin, Wistar, Macroscopic and Microscopic view. 1. Staff of Forensic Department, Faculty of Medicine Diponegoro University 2. Staff of Pathologic Anatomy Departmen, Faculty of Medicine Diponegoro University 3. Undergraduate Students, Faculty of Medicine Diponegoro University

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN MERKURI PER ORAL TERHADAP GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGIS GINJAL TIKUS WISTAR

Background Mercury is a harmful heavy metal compound, but commonly used in human life. Mercury consists of elemental, inorganic, and organic. Mercury poisoning cases have long been found. Exposure to mercury damage many organs, including the kidney. Kidney, especially proximal tubule, is the main accumulation site of mercuric chloride (kind of inorganic mercury). Aim To know the effect of mercuric chloride oral administration on Wistar rat kidney’s histopathological appearance. Methods Experimental study with post test only control group design for 14 days, used 27 male Wistar rats, divided randomly into: control (given no mercuric chloride), 10 mg/kgBW mercuric chloride, and 20 mg/kgBW mercuric chloride. Each group consists of 9 rats. On 15th day, rats were terminated, kidneys were harvested, samples were processed, stained with Hematoksilin-Eosin, and examined on 400 times magnification. Proximal tubule destruction degree: normal, mild (tubule dilatation), moderate (parenchym degeneration), and severe (tubule cell necrosis). Results Normal, mild destruction, moderate destruction, and severe destruction on: control: 0, 33,3%, 66,7%, 0 ; 10 mg/kgBW group: 0, 0, 33,3%, 66,7% ; 20 mg/kgBW group: 0, 0, 0, 100%. Destruction degree average was increased from control to 20 mg/kgBW group. Statistical analysis with Kruskal-Wallis test showed significant difference (p<0.001) followed by Mann-Whitney test showed significant difference between control with 10 mg/kgBW group (p=0.002) and control with 20 mg/kgBW group (p<0.001). There was insignificant difference between 10 mg/kgBW and 20 mg/kgBW group (p=0.065). Conclusion Mercuric chloride oral administration caused changes on Wistar rat kidney’s histopathological appearance. Keywords: mercuric chloride, kidney’s histopathology appearance

Efficacy of Combination Dutasteride and Lycopene to Reduce Bleeding in Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH) Post- Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) Overview of Hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 α) Expression and Hematocrit Levels

Trans Urethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) is one of the gold operating standards for people with Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH), but the complications, like bleedings, often occur both in durante and post-surgery. The risk of bleeding in TURP is caused by angiogenesis. Hypoxia-Induced Factor-1 Alpha (HIF-1 α) is one of the trigger factors for angiogenesis in BPH. Based on the existing literature, it was found that there was a relationship between lycopene and dutasteride which both had a synergistic effect in inhibiting angiogenesis. However, the mechanism is unknown. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the combination of dutasteride and lycopene on the expression of HIF-1α and hematocrit levels in BPH patients undergoing TURP surgery. This research was an experimental study with "Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial Post Test Only Design". The 22 patients were divided into 2 groups, namely T (dutasteride + lycopene), C (lycopene+plasebo), which were given every 24 hours for a minimum of 30 days until the TURP operation was carried out. The observation of HIF-1α expression used immunohistochemical methods. Different tests were conducted between the groups with Independent T-test. The result shows the combination of dutasteride and lycopene was not significant in reducing the HIF-1α expression, indicated by mean rank in the group (C) (= 21.60), group (T) (= 20.00). The results obtained from the Independent   T-test were (p = 0.410), meaning the difference in HIF-1α expression between the 2 groups was not significant: Average Δ Ht group C (= 1.26); group T (= -0,98). The statistical test with the Independent T-test obtained (p = 0.027), where there were significant differences. Giving a combination of dutasteride and lycopene for at least 30 days pre-TURP surgery was not effective in reducing the expression of hypoxia-induced factor - 1 alpha (HIF-1α) but was effective in reducing hematocrit levels compared to a single administration of dutasteride in BPH patients undergoing TURP surgery

PERBEDAAN GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGIS KULIT TIKUS WISTAR AKIBAT PAPARAN ARUS LISTRIK PADA MEDIA AIR TAWAR DAN AIR LAUT

Latar belakang : Derajat kerusakan jaringan kulit akibat sengatan listrik salah satunya dipengaruhi oleh sifat konduktor media. Air laut pada umumnya memiliki jumlah elektrolit lebih tinggi daripada air tawar sehingga memiliki sifat konduktor listrik lebih baik. Cedera jaringan kulit tidak selalu terlihat dari luar pada kasus trauma listrik di dalam air. Gambaran histopatologis diperlukan dalam menilai kerusakan akibat trauma sengatan listrik di dalam air. Tujuan : Mengetahui perbedaan gambaran histopatologis kulit tikus Wistar yang diberi aliran listrik pada media air tawar dan air laut. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental murni dengan desain The Post Test Only Group Design. Sampel adalah 12 ekor tikus wistar terbagi dalam 2 kelompok. Tiap kelompok terdiri 6 ekor tikus. Kelompok pertama (P1) adalah kelompok yang diberi paparan melalui media air tawar. Kelompok kedua (P2) adalah kelompok yang diberi paparan melalui media air laut. Setiap kelompok akan diberi paparan listrik sebesar 220V dan 100mA selama 45 detik. Kulit bagian punggung akan diambil dan kemudian dilakukan pengecatan Haemotoksilin Eosin. Kerusakan kulit dinilai dari luas daerah jaringan kulit yang mengalami nekrosis di lapisan epidermis dan dinyatakan dalam prosentase Hasil : Hasil statistik menggunakan independent t test terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna luas daerah nekrosis kulit tikus Wistar akibat paparan arus listik melalui media air tawar dan air laut (p=0,0001) Kesimpulan : Terdapat perbedaan gambaran histopatologis kulit tikus Wistar akibat paparan arus listrik melalui media air tawar dan air laut. Kata Kunci : Paparan listrik melalui media air tawar, paparan listrik melalui media air laut, gambaran histopatologis kuli

PENGARUH MADU TERHADAP GAMBARAN MIKROSKOPIS HEPAR PADA TIKUS WISTAR JANTAN YANG DIINDUKSI MONOSODIUM GLUTAMAT

Background: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) has been consumed widely as flavor enhancer. The effect of MSG is reported causing Chinese Restaurant Sindrome, hyperlipidemia, hyperglicemia, and oxydative stress. The toxic effect of liver is reported increasing lipid peroxydation, hepatocytes damage, degeneration and necrosis of liver cells. Honey has potential benefit in decreasing lipid peroxydation in liver as exogenous antioxydant. Honey has a hepatoprotective effect and is expected to repair liver damage caused by MSG. Objective: To prove the effect of multilevel doses of honey administration in liver microscopics appearance on Wistar rats induced by MSG. Method: Experimental laboratory research with a Post Test-Only Control Group Design. Sample consists of 18 male Wistar rats divided by simple random sampling into 3 groups. Group P1, P2 and P3 were given MSG orally with dose 6mg/g/day. After sixty minutes, P2 and P3 were treated orally with honey at a dose of 2g/200g/day (P2) and 4g/200g/day (P3). After 30 days intervention, all samples were terminated, livers were taken for microscopic. Analysed by Kruskal- Wallis test and Mann Whitney test. Result: Histopathologycal examination showed a dominant necrosis 2nd zone in liver induced by MSG and mild damage (parenchym degeneration) in liver microscopic treated by graded doses honey. Kruskal-Wallis test result obtained significant differences between P1,P2, and P3 (p=0.000). Mann Whitney test result obtained significant differences for P1-P2 (p=0.000), P1-P3 (p=0.000) but obtained unsignificant differences P2-P3 (p=0,277). Conclusion: The multilevel doses of honey administration gives a significant difference for liver microscopic appearance on Wistar rats which is induced by MSG. Keywords: Monosodium glutamate, honey, antioxidant, liver microscopic appearance

PERBEDAAN GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI OTOT JANTUNG TIKUS WISTAR AKIBAT PAPARAN ARUS LISTRIK MELALUI MEDIA AIR TAWAR DAN AIR LAU

Latar belakang: Listrik merupakan suatu bentuk energi yang pada keadaan tertentu dapat melukai tubuh bahkan dapat menyebabkan kematian. Sengatan arus listrik dapat menjalar melalui media air. Komplikasi trauma listrik salah satunya adalah serangan jantung. Sengatan listrik mengakibatkan gangguan pada kelistrikan jantung dan merusak otot jantung. Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan gambaran histopatologi otot jantung tikus Wistar akibat paparan arus listrik melalui media air tawar dan air laut. Metode:Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorik dengan rancangan penelitian the post test only group design. Terdapat 2 kelompok perlakuan dimana setiap kelompok terdapat 6 tikus Wistar jantan. Setiap kelompok perlakuan diberi sengatan pada arus listrik bolak-balik, 220V, 200mA, 50Hz selama 60 detik melalui media air laut. Setelah diberi perlakuan, dilakukan dekapitasi pada leher tikus dan diambil organ jantung kemudian dilakukan pembuatan preparat histologi menggunakan pengecatan HE. Setiap sediaan preparat sampel jantung dilakukan pembacaan dalam lima lapangan pandang dengan pembesaran 400x.Sasaran pembacaan adalah inti sel pada otot jantung yang berbentuk persegi. Hasil:UjiIndependent-t test didapatkanhasilp=<0,001, karenap< 0.05 makaterdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok perlakuan 1 dan kelompok perlakuan 2. Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kerusakan sel otot jantung tikus Wistar akibat paparan arus listrik melalui media air laut dan air tawar. Kata kunci: Paparan arus listrik, Gambaran histopatologi otot jantung, Air tawar, Air laut

Analisa Gambaran Post Mortem Makroskopis Dan Mikroskopis Organ Otak Dan Hati Pada Tikus Wistar Setelah Pemberian Warfarin Ld50 Dan Ld 100.

Background: its about 800.000 people die caused of suicide in a year. In 2012, suicide is the second most common cause of death in juvenile, range of age is 15-29 yo (WHO). One of common cause in suicide is using poison, and one of them is medical drugs. Warfarin is a substance which belong to medical drug as a human therapeutic agent but also can be use as a rodenticide. This study was aimed to analyze the effect of Warfarin administration in Wistar Rats organs especially brain and liver in a macroscopic and microscopic presentation.Aim: to know macroscopic and microscopic view after the provision of warfarin a dose of LD-50 and LD-100.Method: Laboratoric experimental study with 27 male Wistar Rats divided into 3 groups. Two treatment groups were given single dose Warfarin LD-50 200mg/kg BW and Warfarin LD100 400mg/kg BW. This study was conducted in Biology Faculty UNES and Patology Anatomy Laboratory WASPADA Semarang for histopatology examination.Result: Prominent abnormality findings on microscopic representation including haemorrhage ptechiae and blood vessel enlargement in almost every organ, meanwhile damaging happened in liver. Microscopic representation examination showed haemorrhage, nekrosis, and inflammation signs.Conclusion: There are prominent abnormality characteristics in macroscopic representation as well as microscopic Wistar Rats organ examination after Warfarin LD-50 and LD-100 administration, most important at liver

Mixed Lung Cancer in 46 Years Old, Male Smoker, Untreated Patient

Lung cancer is a large heterogeneous family of malignancies, with tumors containing more than one subtype are very common. Over 50 different histologi­cal variants are recognized within the WHO typing system. Small Cell Lung Cancer comprises approximately 20% of all lung cancers and exhibits a neuroendocrine phenotype while Non Small Cell Lung Carsinoma (NSCLC) lacks these features and makes up the remaining 80% of cases. This case was reported in view of the rarity of this combination of morphologic patterns. The incidence of c- SCLC (Combined- Small Cell Lung Carsinoma) has been reported ranging from less than 1% to 14.6% of all SCLC. Mixed lung cancer in untreated patients suggests a common endodermal origin for c-SCLC which contains small-cell and non-small-cell pulmonary tumors. Quoix et al found that presentation as a solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) is particularly indicative of a c-SCLC. Combined- Small Cell Lung Carsinoma contains a squamous cell and/or adenocarcinoma component. It’s becoming more important for pathologists to correctly subclassify NSCLC’s as distinct tumor entities, or as components of c-SCLC cause it’s more agrresive. A 46-year-old smoker man was referred because of rapid growth of a solitary nodule mass revealed by chest radiography with brain and limfonodes metastases. There was mixed histological feature including adenocarsinoma, squamous cell carsinoma and large cell carsinoma. The patient is dead after a few weeks later. It was revealed a panel immunohistochemistry stain (CK-7, CK-20, TTF-1, P63 and Chromoganin). It was concluded as c- SCLC

Pengaruh Madu Terhadap Gambaran Mikroskopis Testis Pada Tikus Wistar Yang Diinduksi Monosodium Glutamat

Background: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a food seasoning that is often consumed excessively although it is harmful to the body, including on testis. The harmful effect of MSG on testis must be highlighted because it can leaf to infertility. Honey as an antioxidant can counteract the harmful effects of MSG on testis.Aim: To prove the effect of multi level doses of honey on microscopic structure of testis in wistar rats induced to monosodium glutamate.Methods: True experimental study "post test only control group design"using 18 wistar rats were divided into 3 groups, P1 was administered MSG 6 mg/g BW/day, P2 was adminstered MSG 6 mg/g BW/day then honey 2 g/200 g BW/day, P3 was adminstered MSG 6 mg/g BW/day then honey 4 g/200 g BW/day. The treatment was 30 days, then the rats were terminated and the microscopic structure of testis was observed with Johnsen Criteria.Results: P1 showed histological structural damage of testis and 80% of seminiferous tubules were in the category of early maturity arrest. P2 showed the repairment of histology structure of testis compared to P1 and 73.33% seminiferous tubules were in the category of late maturity arrest. P3 showed better histological structure of testis compared to others and 53.33% of the seminiferous tubules in the category of obstructive cases/normal. Hypothesis test showed significant difference between each group ( p&lt;0.05).Conclusions: Administration of multi level doses of honey give protective effect to the histological structure of testis which was exposed to MSG