Mediation in schools. The rol of the Social Education

Este artículo forma parte de una más amplia investigación llevada a cabo en centros escolares con una muestra seleccionada de adolescentes de Educación Secundaria, distribuidos en grupos de discusión. La finalidad es conocer la perspectiva que ellos/as tienen sobre la violencia escolar en su propio hábitat. La muestra está compuesta por 1795 adolescentes de ambos sexos (52% chicos y 48% chicas) con edades comprendidas entre los 11 y 18 años, procedentes de la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía. Los resultados indicaron que el clima escolar y la satisfacción con la vida se asocian de manera positiva con la victimización. Además, la integración comunitaria y el clima familiar se relacionan con la victimización a través de la satisfacción con la vida. El análisis multigrupo en función del sexo indicó que la relación entre el clima escolar y la reputación social, así como entre implicación comunitaria y reputación social resultó significativa únicamente para los chicos.This article is included in a more extensive research done in schools with a selected sample of adolescents of Secondary Education, distributed in groups of discussion. The purpose is to know the perspective they have on schoolviolence in their own habitat. The sample is composed of 1795 adolescents of both sexes (52% boys and 48% girls) aged between 11 and 18 years, from the autonomous community of Andalusia. The results indicated that the school climate and the satisfaction with the life are positively associated with the victimization. In addition, community integration and the family climate are related to victimization through satisfaction with life. The gender-based Multigroup analysis indicated that the relationship between school climate and social reputation as well as between community involvement and social reputation was significant only for children

The genetic ancestry of American Creole cattle inferred from uniparental and autosomal genetic markers

Cattle imported from the Iberian Peninsula spread throughout America in the early years of discovery and colonization to originate Creole breeds, which adapted to a wide diversity of environments and later received influences from other origins, including zebu cattle in more recent years. We analyzed uniparental genetic markers and autosomal microsatellites in DNA samples from 114 cattle breeds distributed worldwide, including 40 Creole breeds representing the whole American continent, and samples from the Iberian Peninsula, British islands, Continental Europe, Africa and American zebu. We show that Creole breeds differ considerably from each other, and most have their own identity or group with others from neighboring regions. Results with mtDNA indicate that T1c-lineages are rare in Iberia but common in Africa and are well represented in Creoles from Brazil and Colombia, lending support to a direct African influence on Creoles. This is reinforced by the sharing of a unique Y-haplotype between cattle from Mozambique and Creoles from Argentina. Autosomal microsatellites indicate that Creoles occupy an intermediate position between African and European breeds, and some Creoles show a clear Iberian signature. Our results confirm the mixed ancestry of American Creole cattle and the role that African cattle have played in their development

The genetic ancestry of american creole cattle inferred from uniparental and autosomal genetic markers.

Cattle imported from the Iberian Peninsula spread throughout America in the early years of discovery and colonization to originate Creole breeds, which adapted to a wide diversity of environments and later received influences from other origins, including zebu cattle in more recent years. We analyzed uniparental genetic markers and autosomal microsatellites in DNA samples from 114 cattle breeds distributed worldwide, including 40 Creole breeds representing the whole American continent, and samples from the Iberian Peninsula, British islands, Continental Europe, Africa and American zebu. We show that Creole breeds differ considerably from each other, and most have their own identity or group with others from neighboring regions. Results with mtDNA indicate that T1c-lineages are rare in Iberia but common in Africa and are well represented in Creoles from Brazil and Colombia, lending support to a direct African influence on Creoles. This is reinforced by the sharing of a unique Y-haplotype between cattle from Mozambique and Creoles from Argentina. Autosomal microsatellites indicate that Creoles occupy an intermediate position between African and European breeds, and some Creoles show a clear Iberian signature. Our results confirm the mixed ancestry of American Creole cattle and the role that African cattle have played in their development

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

Ciencia Odontológica 2.0

Libro que muestra avances de la Investigación Odontológica en MéxicoEs para los integrantes de la Red de Investigación en Estomatología (RIE) una enorme alegría presentar el segundo de una serie de 6 libros sobre casos clínicos, revisiones de la literatura e investigaciones. La RIE está integrada por cuerpos académicos de la UAEH, UAEM, UAC y UdeG

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Cuestiones pedagógicas : revista de ciencias de la educación

Monográfico con el título: "Programas de cooperación y desarrollo de la comunidad"Título, resumen y palabras clave en español e inglésResumen basado en el de la publicaciónTrabajo llevado a cabo en centros escolares con adolescentes de Educación Secundaria, distribuidos en grupos de discusión. Se pretende conocer la perspectiva que ellos y ellas tienen sobre la violencia escolar en su propio hábitat. La muestra está compuesta por 1795 adolescentes de ambos sexos (52% chicos y 48% chicas) con edades comprendidas entre los 11 y 18 años, procedentes de la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía.ES

Anales de Edafología y Agrobiología Tomo 38 Número 1-2

Suelos: Suelos volcánicos españoles. (ll. Olot (Gerona). Características morfológicas y químicas, por C. Vizcayno Muñoz, J. García Vicente y M. T. García González.-- Suelos volcánicos españoles. IV. Olot (Gerona). Mineralogía de la fracción arcilla, por C. Vizcayno Muñoz, M. T. García González y J. García Vicente.-- Suelos del Norte de la Sierra de Francia, por J. F. Gallardo y J. A. Egida.-- Caracterización de un suelo desarrollado sobre cenizas volcánicas de la Sierra Ecuatoriana, por Juan L. de Olmedo y Luis Mejía.-- Evolución de los minerales de la arcilla en cuatro perfiles de la Sierra de Francia (Salamanca), por M. Ledesma, M. A. Vicente, J. Gallardo y J. A. Egida.--Calores de adsorción de fosfatos de trialquilo por montmorillonita, por G. Dios Cancela y S. González García.-- Interacción del 1-2 propilén carbonato con montmorillonita. l. Estudio rontgenográfico y térmico, por G. Dios Cancela.-- Acción de la hidrólisis ácida sobre los ácidos húmicos. Componente proteica, por J. Cegarra y F. Costa.-- Evaluación del peso molecular-promedio ponderal (Mw) de ácidos húmicos por un método combinado de gel-filtración y difusión, por F. l. González Vila y F. Martín Martínez.-- Estudio de la distribución vertical de Eumycetes en los Andosoles de Tenerife: Perfil Izaña, por G. Vivancos Gallego y A. M. Borges Alvarez.-- Ecological importance of antibiotics in soil: Production of antibiotics by species of Penicillium in an Andosol in the province of Navarra, Spain, by A. T. Mortínez and C. Ramírez.--Fertilidad de Suelos.-- Effect of iron-nickel interacti ons on the availability of copper and manganese, by Hi S. G. Misra and R. S. Dwivedi.-- Efecto del uso del suelo sobre algunos indicadores de fertilidad en dos subórdenes (Andept y Tropet) del Altiplano de Pasto, Colombia. l. Materia orgánica y bases cambiables, por Ricardo Guerrero, Alvaro Dávila y Carlos Torres.-- Efecto del uso del suelo sobre algunos indicadores de fertilidad en dos subórdenes (Andept y Tropet) del Altiplano de Pasto, Colombia. II Disponibilidad de Cu, Zn, Fe y B, por Ricardo Guerrero, Alvaro Dávila y Carlos Torres.-- Efecto de la fertilización de soja con distintas formas de azufre, por C. Lluch, M. Gómez y J. Olivares.-- Equipo automático para cultivo hidropónico con solución circulante, por Mª P. Sánchez Conde y P. Azuara.-- Influencia del pH, arcilla y mecanismos de reacción del fósforo en el suelo sobre la capacidad tampón del ion fosfato, por J. A. Díez.-- Nutrición y Fisiología Vegetal.-- Efecto de la interacción NaCl- P sobre el contenido foliar de Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu y B, en plantas, por A. Cerda y F. T. Bingham.-- Crecimiento y metabolismo nitrogenado en plantas de Nicotiana rustica L. irradiadas con UV cercano. l. Caracteres vegetativos y aminoácidos, por MªT. Piñal, J. Barceló y C. Morales.-- Crecimiento y metabolismo nitrogenado en plantas de Nicotiana rustica L. irradiadas con UV cercano.II. Acidos nucleicos: ADN y ARN, por Mª T. Piñol y C. Morales.-- Interacciones entre K, Ca y Mg a nivel de su absorción y distribución en plantas de tomate, por l. Agüi, M. Gómez y L. Recalde Efecto de la proporción K, Ca y Mg en la solución nutritiva sobre la absorción y distribución de micronutrientes, por l. Agüi, M. C. Alvarez-Tinaut y L. Recalde Martínez.-- Evolución del proceso de biosíntesis proteica a través de la composición de aminoácidos libres en savia de tomatera por V. Hernando, P. Buenadicha y M. Torres- Correlaciones entre bioelementos en especies pratenses bajo los efectos de la madurez. l. Leguminosas, por A. Valdés Amado, B. García Criado y J. M. Gómez Gutiérrez. Los efectos del régimen hídrico y de distintos niveles de fertilidad .sobre el rendimiento, calidad y tamaño del tomate de invierno. V Efectos del régimen hídrico y del PK sobre el tamaño del fruto, por V. Hernando y B. Orihuel Gasque.-- Notas.--Aviso importantePeer reviewe