Structural and optical properties of Zn0.9 Mn0.1 O/ZnO core-shell nanowires designed by pulsed laser deposition

Partilhar documento na coleção da comunidade Laboratório Associado I3NCore-shell ZnO/ZnMnO nanowires on a-Al2O3 and GaN (buffer layer)/Si (111) substrates were fabricated by pulsed laser deposition using a Au catalyst. Two ZnO targets with a Mn content of 10% were sintered at 1150 and 550 °C in order to achieve the domination in them of paramagnetic MnO2 and ferromagnetic Mn2O3 phases, respectively. Cluster mechanism of laser ablation as a source of possible incorporation of secondary phases to the wire shell is discussed. Raman spectroscopy under excitation by an Ar+ laser revealed a broad peak related to the Mn-induced disorder and a redshift in the A1-LO phonon. Resonant Raman measurements revealed an increase in the multiphonon scattering caused by disorder in ZnO upon doping by Mn. Besides the UV emission, a vibronic green emission band assisted by a ∼ 71 meV LO phonon is also observed in the photoluminescence spectra. Core-shell structures with smooth shells show a high exciton to green band intensity ratio ( ∼ 10) even at room temperature. © 2009 American Institute of PhysicsSANDiE Network of Excellence of the EUFCT-PTDC/FIS/72843/200

Survival Of Aids Patients In The Southeast And South Of Brazil: Analysis Of The 1998-1999 Cohort [sobrevida De Pacientes Com Aids Das Regiões Sudeste E Sul Do Brasil: Análise Da Coorte De 1998-1999]

The aim of this study was to evaluate survival time for AIDS patients 13 years and older in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil, according to socio-demographic, clinical, and epidemiological characteristics. The sample was selected from all cases diagnosed in 1998 and 1999 and notified to the Epidemiological Surveillance System of the National STD/AIDS Program. Use of a questionnaire allowed analyzing 2,091 patient charts. Based on the Kaplan-Meier method, estimated survival was at least 108 months after diagnosis in 59.5% of patients in the Southeast and 59.3% in the South. Cox regression models showed, in both regions, an increase in survival in patients on antiretroviral therapy, those classified as AIDS cases according to the CD4 T-cell criterion, females, and those with more schooling. Other factors associated with longer survival in the Southeast were: white skin color, no history of tuberculosis since the AIDS diagnosis, negative hepatitis B serology, and access to a multidisciplinary health team. In the South, age below 40 years was associated with longer survival.27SUPPL. 1S79S92Fonseca, M.G.P., Bastos, F.I., Twenty-five years of the AIDS epidemic in Brazil: Principal epidemiological findings, 1980-2005 (2007) Cad Saúde Pública, (23 SUPPL 3), pp. S333-S344Boletim Epidemiológico AIDST 2008, 1. , Ministério da Saúde, Ano(2004) Critérios De Definição De Casos De AIDS Em Adultos E Crianças, , Ministério da Saúde, Brasília: Ministério da SaúdeDourado, I., Veras, M.A.S.M., Barreira, D., Brito, A.M., Tendências da epidemia de AIDS no Brasil após a terapia antirretroviral (2006) Rev Saúde Pública, (SUPPL 40), pp. 9-17Casseb, J., Fonseca, L.A., Veiga, A.P., Almeida, A., Bueno, A., Ferez, A.C., AIDS incidence and mortality in a hospital based cohort of HIV-1 seropositive patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy in São Paulo, Brazil (2003) AIDS Patient Care STDS, 17, pp. 447-452Crum, N.F., Riffemburg, R.H., Wegner, S., Agan, B.K., Tasker, S.A., Spooner, K.M., Comparison of causes of death and mortality rates among HIV infected persons: Analysis of the pre, early, and late HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy) eras (2006) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 41, pp. 194-200Santos, N.J.S., Tayra, A., Silva, S.R., Buchala, C.M., Laurenti, R., A AIDS no estado de São Paulo: As mudanças no perfil da epidemia e perspectivas da vigilância epidemiológica (2002) Rev Bras Epidemiol, 5, pp. 286-310Messeri, P., Lee, G., Abramson, D.M., Aidala, A., Chiasson, M.A., Jessop, D.J., Antiretroviral therapy and declining AIDS mortality in New York City (2003) Med Care, 41, pp. 512-521Vellozi, C., Brooks, J.T., Bush, T.J., Conley, L.J., Henry, K., Carperter, C.C.J., The study to understand the natural history of HIV and AIDS in the era of effective therapy (SUN Study) (2009) Am J Epidemiol, 169, pp. 642-652Quinn, T.C., HIV epidemiology and the effects of antiviral therapy on long term consequences (2008) AIDS, (22 SUPPL 3), pp. S7-S12Targets and Commitments Made By the Member-States At the United Nation General Assembly Special Session On HIV/AIDS, , http//www.unaids.org/en/dataanalysis/monitoringcountryprogress/2010progr essreportssubmittedbycountries/brazil_2010_country_progress_report_en.pd f, Brazilian Ministry of Health, accessed on Jul/2010Chequer, P., Hearst, N., Hudes, E.S., Castilho, E., Rutherford, G., Loures, L., Determinants of survival in adult Brazilian AIDS patients, 1982-1989.The Brazilian State AIDS Program Co-ordinators (1992) AIDS, 6, pp. 483-487Marins, J.R., Jamal, L.E., Chen, S.Y., Barros, M.B., Hudes, E.S., Barbosa, A.A., Dramatic improvement in survival among adult Brazilian AIDS patients (2003) AIDS, 17, pp. 1675-1682Collet, D., (2003) Modeling Survival Data In Medical Research, , 2nd Ed. Boca Raton: Chapman & HallEpidemiology of HIV/AIDS, United States, 1981-2005 (2006) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 55, pp. 589-592. , Centers for Disease Control and PreventionWong, K.H., Chan, K.C., Lee, S.S., Delayed progression to death and to AIDS in a Hong Kong cohort of patients with advanced HIV type 1 disease during the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (2004) Clin Infect Dis, 39, pp. 853-860Gadelha, A.J., Accacio, N., Costa, R.L.B., Galhardo, M.C., Cotrim, M.R., Souza, R.V., Morbidity and survival in advanced AIDS in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2002) Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo, 44, pp. 179-186Hacker, M.A., Petersen, M.L., Enriquez, M., Bastos, F.I., Highly active antiretroviral therapy in Brazil: The challenge of universal access in a context of social inequality (2004) Rev Panam Salud Pública, 16, pp. 78-83Krishnan, S., Dunbar, M.S., Minnis, A.M., Medlin, C.A., Gerdts, C.E., Padian, N.S., Poverty, gender inequalities and women's risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/AIDS (2008) Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1136, pp. 101-110Antunes, J.L.F., Waldman, E.A., Borrel, C., Is it possible to reduce AIDS death without reinforcing socioeconomic inequalities in health? (2005) Int J Epidemiol, 34, pp. 586-592Castilho, E.A., Szwarcwald, C.L., Brito, A.M., Fatores associados à interrupção de tratamento anti-retroviral em adultos com AIDS, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, 1999-2002 (2006) Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992), 52, pp. 86-92Neme, M.I.B., Carvalho, H.B., Souza, M.F.M., ARV therapy adherence in Brazil (2004) AIDS, (18 SUPPL 3), pp. 515-520Pérez-Hoyos, S., Amo, J., Muga, R., Romero, J., Olalla, P.G., Guerrero, R., Effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy in Spanish cohorts of HIV seroconverters: Differences by transmission category (2003) AIDS, 17, pp. 353-359Porta, D., Forastiere, F., Fusco, D., Perucci, C.A., Lazio AIDS Surveillance Collaborative Group. Socioeconomic status and survival of persons with AIDS before and after introduction of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (2000) Epidemiology, 11, pp. 496-501. , Rapiti EPrograma Nacional DST E AIDS, , http://www.aids.gov.br/cgi/deftohtm.exe?tabnet/aids.def, Ministério da Saúde, accessed on 26/Aug/2009Giovanetti, M.C., Santos, N.J.S., Westin, C.P., Darré, D., Gianna, M.C., A implantação do quesito cor/raça nos serviços de DST/AIDS no Estado de São Paulo (2007) Saúde Soc, 16, pp. 163-170Fry, P.H., Monteiro, S., Maio, M.C., Bastos, F.I., Santos, R.V., AIDS tem cor ou raça? Interpretação de dados e formulação de políticas de saúde no Brasil (2007) Cad Saúde Pública, 23, pp. 497-523Batista, L.E., (2002) Mulheres E Homens Negros: Saúde, Doença E Morte [Doctoral Dissertation], , Araraquara: Fa-culdade de Ciências e Letras, Universidade Estadual PaulistaFonseca, M.G.P., Lucena, F.F.A., Souza, A., Bastos, F.I., AIDS mortality, "race or color", and social inequality in a context of universal access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Brazil, 1999- 2004 (2007) Cad Saúde Pública, (23 SUPPL 3), pp. S445-S455Marins, J.R.P., (2004) Estudo De Sobrevida Dos Pacientes De AIDS Segundo Escolaridade, Co-infecção Hepatite C E Tuberculose. Coorte Brasileira 1995-1996 [Doctoral Dissertation], , Campinas: Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de CampinasFerreira, M.S., Borges, A.S., Avanços no tratamento da hepatite pelo vírus B (2007) Rev Soc Bras Med Trop, 40, pp. 451-462Mussini, C., Manzardo, C., Johnson, M., Monforte, A., Uberti-Foppa, C., Antinori, A., Patients presenting with AIDS in the HAART era: A collaborative cohort analysis (2008) AIDS, 22, pp. 2461-2469Nemes, M.I.B., Alencar, T.M.D., (2008) Equipe Qualiaids. Avaliação Da Assistência Ambulatorial Aos Adultos Vivendo Com HIV/AIDS, , Qualiaids. Relatório 2007/2008. Brasília: Ministério da SaúdeMelchior, R., Nemes, M.I.B., Basso, C.R.B., Castanheira, E.R.L., Alves, M.T.S.B., Buchalla, C.M., Avaliação da estrutura organizacional assistência ambulatorial em HIV/AIDS no Brasil (2006) Rev Saúde Pública, 40, pp. 143-15

Properties of Interfaces in the two and three dimensional Ising Model

To investigate order-order interfaces, we perform multimagnetical Monte Carlo simulations of the $2D$ and $3D$ Ising model. Following Binder we extract the interfacial free energy from the infinite volume limit of the magnetic probability density. Stringent tests of the numerical methods are performed by reproducing with high precision exact $2D$ results. In the physically more interesting $3D$ case we estimate the amplitude $F^s_0$ of the critical interfacial tension $F^s = F^s_0 t^\mu$ to be $F^s_0 = 1.52 \pm 0.05$. This result is in good agreement with a previous MC calculation by Mon, as well as with experimental results for related amplitude ratios. In addition, we study in some details the shape of the magnetic probability density for temperatures below the Curie point.Comment: 25 pages; sorry no figures include

Slight resistance to the residual effect of closantel in a field strain of Haemonchus contortus which showed an increased resistance after one selection in the laboratory

On the strength of a complaint of suspected resistance to closantel, a field strain of Haemonchus contortus was isolated from sheep on a farm near Pretoria and tested for resistance to the remedy, both without exposure to closantel in the laboratory (designated the "unselected" substrain of the parasite) and after a single selection with closantel (called the "selected" substrain). For comparative purpose a few sheep were treated with rafoxanide to ascertain whether the efficacy of this drug was unchanged. While the unselected substrain appeared to show only slight increased resistance to the residual effect of closantel drenched at a dosage rate of 5 mg/kg, there was a dramatic increase in resistance after one selection. The, residual efficacy (determined by the modified NPM test of Groeneveld & Reinecke, 1969, as outlined by Reinecke, 1973), 13-14 days after treatment with closantel was reduced from the registered claim of the remedy in South Africa of >80% effective in >80% of the treated flock to "ineffective", or <50% effective in < 50% of the treated flock. Furthermore, there also appeared to be a slight increase in the resistance of this substrain to rafoxanide, as its efficacy was reduced from 99-100% to about 92%. This sharp reduction in efficacy after a single selection with closantel seemed to indicate that the slight increase in resistance of the unselected substrain was probably due not to possible variation in the repeatability of the trail method but to repeated treatment with closantel on the farm.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Methods of infesting sheep with gastro-intestinal nematodes after cryopreservation : dosing of larvae in gelatin capsules compared to dosing of larvae in water suspension

Cryopreservation of the infective larvae (L₃) of nematodes is being used increasingly for the routine maintenance of pure strains of nematodes in the laboratory. Gelatin capsules are frequently used to administer the L₃ of nematodes to sheep, but with some nematode species this method usually does not give good results with cryopreserved larvae. The development in sheep of cryopreserved L₃ of Trichostrongylus spp. and other ovine nematodes was compared when the larvae were administered either in a suspension or in gelatin capsules with or without the use of CuS0₄ to stimulate the oesophageal groove reflex. Significantly larger numbers of cryopreserved L₃ developed when dosed per os in suspension than when the L₃ were dosed in gelatin capsules. Stimulation of the oesophageal groove did not appear to affect the numbers of worms that developed from L₃ dosed in suspension. It is speculated that L₃ in suspension bypass the rumen to go directly into the abomasum, while those in gelatin capsules enter the rumen, thus closely approximating the natural infestation of grazing ruminants. In these trials, however, only cryopreserved L₃ were used. Sufficient numbers of cryopreserved L₃ of Trichostrongylus falculatus and T. colubriformis in suspension developed, so that it seems unlikely that laparotomy will be required for routine infestations in the laboratory.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.am201

Cryopreservation of some common nematodes of ruminants for up to 11,3 years

Infective larvae of selected batched of the following nematode species from sheep and cattle were examined for survival and infectivity (by injection into either the abomasum, the duodenum, or the jugular vein) after having been stored in liquid nitrogen for 103-136 months: Haemonchus contortus, Haemonchus placei, Ostertagia circumcincta, Ostertagia ostertagi, Marshallagia marshalli, Cooperia spp., Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Trichostrongylus falculatus, Nematodirus spathiger, Nematodirus helvetianus, Oesophagostomum columbianum, Oesophagostomum radiatum, Chabertia ovina and Dictyocaulus filaria. Excluding D. filaria, a mean of 97,7% of the ovine and 96,0% of the bovine nematode larvae were alive when thawed. Compared with previous investigations in this series, little or no reduction occurred with time in either the survival or the viability of the nematodes from cattle, or in the survival of those from sheep. In contrast, the larvae developed poorly in sheep, possibly owing to parenteral treatment of the animals with Ivermectin at a dosage of 0,4 mg/kg, either 6 or 8 days before they were infected.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.mn201

AS COURAÇAS E SEU PAPEL NO ESTUDO DA EVOLUÇÃO DO RELEVO, EM MARACAÍ/SP

O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar o papel das couraças como indicador da evolução do relevo, principalmente no que diz respeito ao desenvolvimento da rede de drenagem. As couraças ferruginosas teriam sido formadas concomitantemente às depressões fechadas, e com o rebaixamento do nível de base foram expostas. Atualmente, a maioria das couraças observadas está em áreas de depressões que foram capturadas pela rede de drenagem, constituindo-se como registros da evolução do relevo

Fasciola in horses in the Republic of South Africa : a single natural case of Fasciola hepatica and the failure to infest ten horses either with F. hepatica or Fasciola gigantica

The faeces of 11 horses were examined for Fasciola spp. eggs. One of them was positive for Fasciola hepatica, a finding which was confirmed post-mortem. The 10 negative horses were subsequently infested with either F. hepatica or Fasciola gigantica, each animal receiving orally from 500-9 500 metacercariae. No clinical signs were observed and no fluke eggs were detected in the faeces, and neither immature nor adult Fasciola worms were recovered from the horses slaughtered 16-26 weeks post-infestation with F. hepatica and 28-34 weeks post-infestation with F. gigantica, respectively. The results indicate that horses have a high level of resistance to both South African Fasciola spp. Factors which can probably explain the conflicting reports for the prevalences of fascioliasis in horses throughout the world and the varying results obtained in experimental infestations are briefly considered.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.lmchunu2014mn201

The compound Poisson limit ruling periodic extreme behaviour of non-uniformly hyperbolic dynamics

We prove that the distributional limit of the normalised number of returns to small neighbourhoods of periodic points of non-uniformly hyperbolic dynamical systems is compound Poisson. The returns to small balls around a fixed point in the phase space correspond to the occurrence of rare events, or exceedances of high thresholds, so that there is a connection between the laws of Return Times Statistics and Extreme Value Laws. The fact that the fixed point in the phase space is a repelling periodic point implies that there is a tendency for the exceedances to appear in clusters whose average sizes is given by the Extremal Index, which depends on the expansion of the system at the periodic point. We recall that for generic points, the exceedances, in the limit, are singular and occur at Poisson times. However, around periodic points, the picture is different: the respective point processes of exceedances converge to a compound Poisson process, so instead of single exceedances, we have entire clusters of exceedances occurring at Poisson times with a geometric distribution ruling its multiplicity. The systems to which our results apply include: general piecewise expanding maps of the interval (Rychlik maps), maps with indifferent fixed points (Manneville-Pomeau maps) and Benedicks-Carleson quadratic maps.Comment: To appear in Communications in Mathematical Physic