Recommended age groups and frequency of mammography screening : a systematic review

Esta revisão teve por objetivo avaliar a força de evidência do atual indicador de desempenho português relativo ao rastreio do Câncer da Mama através da mamografia, de modo a determinar o grupo etário e a periodicidade recomendadas. Foram pesquisados artigos nas principais bases de dados internacionais de literatura médica. Incluímos artigos publicados entre Janeiro de 2006 e Janeiro de 2012 que correspondiam aos objetivos da revisão. Foi utilizada a taxonomia SORT para a classificação dos resultados. Dos 253 artigos encontrados foram selecionados cinco que cumpriam os critérios de inclusão. Estes incluem três revisões sistemáticas (RS), uma meta-análise (MA) e uma norma de orientação clínica (NOC) baseada numa RS. Os artigos selecionados avaliaram a redução da mortalidade por câncer da mama através do rastreio com mamografia. A realização do rastreio mamográfico entre os 50 e os 69 anos é recomendado em todos os artigos que avaliam esta faixa etária. A NOC recomenda o rastreio bienal. Em suma, a mamografia deverá ser realizada entre os 50 e os 69 anos com uma periodicidade bienal. Estes resultados vão ao encontro do atual indicador de desempenho do rastreio do câncer da mama em Portugal.The scope of this review was to assess the strength of evidence for the current Portuguese performance indicator on breast cancer screening with mammography in order to determine the recommended age group and periodicity for screening. A search for articles was conducted in the main international databases of medical literature. Articles published between January 2006 and January 2012 addressing the objectives of this review were included. The SORT taxonomy was used to classify the results. Of the 253 articles, five articles met the inclusion criteria and were selected for review. These included three systematic reviews, one meta-analysis and one clinical guideline based on a systematic review. A reduction in breast cancer mortality with mamography screening was the outcome in all articles selected. Mammography screening between 50 and 69 years was recommended in all articles that assess this age group. The clinical guidelines recommended screening every two years. In conclusion, the current literature recommends mammography for women every two years between the ages of 50 and 69 years. This is consistent with the current performance indicator for breast cancer screening in Portugal

Development of thermo-and pH-sensitive liposomal magnetic carriers for new potential antitumor thienopyridine derivatives

The development of stimuli-sensitive drug delivery systems is a very attractive area of current research in cancer therapy. The deep knowledge on the microenvironment of tumors has supported the progress of nanosystems’ ability for controlled and local fusion as well as drug release. Temperature and pH are two of the most promising triggers in the development of sensitive formulations to improve the efficacy of anticancer agents. Herein, magnetic liposomes with fusogenic sensitivity to pH and temperature were developed aiming at dual cancer therapy (by chemotherapy and magnetic hyperthermia). Magnetic nanoparticles of mixed calcium/manganese ferrite were synthesized by co-precipitation with citrate and by sol–gel method, and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy in transmission mode (STEM), and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). The citrate-stabilized nanoparticles showed a small-sized population (around 8 nm, determined by XRD) and suitable magnetic properties, with a low coercivity and high saturation magnetization (~54 emu/g). The nanoparticles were incorporated into liposomes of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine/cholesteryl hemisuccinate (DPPC:CHEMS) and of the same components with a PEGylated lipid (DPPC:CHEMS:DSPE-PEG), resulting in magnetoliposomes with sizes around 100 nm. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and electrophoretic light scattering (ELS) measurements were performed to investigate the pH-sensitivity of the magnetoliposomes’ fusogenic ability. Two new antitumor thienopyridine derivatives were efficiently encapsulated in the magnetic liposomes and the drug delivery capability of the loaded nanosystems was evaluated, under different pH and temperature conditions.This research was funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) in the framework of the Strategic Funding of CF-UM-UP (UIDB/04650/2020) and through the research project PTDC/QUI-QFI/28020/2017 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028020), financed by the European Fund of Regional Development (FEDER), COMPETE2020, and Portugal 2020. J.M.R. acknowledges FCT, ESF (European Social Fund—North Portugal Regional Operational Program) and HCOP (Human Capital Operational Program) for a PhD grant (SFRH/BD/115844/2016)

In vitro maturation impacts cumulus–oocyte complex metabolism and stress in cattle

FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOThe influence of in vitro maturation (IVM) in oocytes is still not totally understood. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of IVM on the metabolism and homeostasis of bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes. In the present study, we demonstrated1546881893FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO2014/21034-32014/03281-32014/22887-02013/08135-22012/50533-2306978/2014-8The authors would like to thank the staff and students at the LMMD, Marcos Chiaratti, Gustavo Duarte, Marcel Nakashima, Hélio Alves Martins Júnior, José Luis Paz Jara, Patricia Kubo Fontes and Augusto de Castro Netto for their assistance with the sample

Serious fungal infections in Portugal

There is a lack of knowledge on the epidemiology of fungal infections worldwide because there are no reporting obligations. The aim of this study was to estimate the burden of fungal disease in Portugal as part of a global fungal burden project. Most published epidemiology papers reporting fungal infection rates from Portugal were identified. Where no data existed, specific populations at risk and fungal infection frequencies in those populations were used in order to estimate national incidence or prevalence, depending on the condition. An estimated 1,510,391 persons develop a skin or nail fungal infection each year. The second most common fungal infection in Portugal is recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis, with an estimated 150,700 women (15-50 years of age) suffering from it every year. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected people, oral or oesophageal candidiasis rates were estimated to be 19.5 and 16.8/100,000, respectively. Candidaemia affects 2.19/100,000 patients, in a total of 231 cases nationally. Invasive aspergillosis is less common than in other countries as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is uncommon in Portugal, a total of 240 cases annually. The estimated prevalence of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis after tuberculosis (TB) is 194 cases, whereas its prevalence for all underlying pulmonary conditions was 776 patients. Asthma is common (10% in adults) and we estimate 16,614 and 12,600 people with severe asthma with fungal sensitisation and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, respectively. Sixty-five patients develop Pneumocystis pneumonia in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and 13 develop cryptococcosis. Overall, we estimate a total number of 1,695,514 fungal infections starting each year in Portugal.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

What is the impact of interventions that prevent fetal mortality on the increase of preterm live births in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil?

Abstract\ud \ud Background\ud There is a global growing trend of preterm births and a decline trend of fetal deaths. Is there an impact of the decline of fetal mortality on the increase of preterm live births in State of Sao Paulo, Brazil?\ud \ud \ud Methods\ud The time trends were evaluated by gestational age through exponential regression analysis. Data analyzed included the fetal mortality ratio, proportion of preterm live births, fertility rate of women 35 years and over, prenatal care, mother's education, multiple births and cesarean section deliveries. A survival analysis was carried out for 2000 and 2010.\ud \ud \ud Results\ud Preterm births showed the highest annual increase (3.2 %) in the less than 28 weeks of gestation group and fetal mortality ratio decreased (7.4 %) in the same gestational age group. There was an increase of cesarean section births and it was higher in the < 28 weeks group (6.1 %). There was a decreased annual trend of mothers with inadequate prenatal care (6.1 %) and low education (8.8 %) and an increased trend in multiple births and fertility rates of women of 35 years and over. The variables were highly correlated to which other over time. In 2000, 8.2 % of all pregnancies resulted in preterm births (0.9 % in fetal deaths and 7.3 % in live births). In 2010, the preterm birth increased to 9.4 % (0.8 % were preterm fetal deaths and 8.6 % preterm live births).\ud \ud \ud Conclusions\ud The results suggest that 45.2 % could be the maximum contribution of successful interventions to prevent a fetal death on the increase in preterm live births. This increasing trend is also related to changes of the women reproductive profile with the change of the women reproductive profile and access to prenatal care.State Secretary of Health of São PauloPan American Health Organizatio

Changes in infant and neonatal mortality and associated factors in eight cohorts from three Brazilian cities

Stillbirth (SBR), perinatal (PMR), neonatal (NMR) and infant mortality rates (IMR) are declining in Brazil and the factors associated with these falls are still being investigated. The objective of the present study was to assess changes in SBR, PMR, NMR and IMR over time and to determine the factors associated with changes in NMR and IMR in eight Brazilian cohorts. All cohorts are population-based (Ribeirão Preto in 1978/79, 1994 and 2010; Pelotas in 1982, 1993 and 2004; and São Luís in 1997/98 and 2010). Were included data on 41440 children. All indicators were decreased, except in the city of Pelotas, from 1993 to 2004, and except SBR in São Luís. Sociodemographic variables seem to be able to explain reductions of NMR and IMR in Ribeirão Preto, from 1978/79 to 1994, and in São Luís. In Ribeirão Preto, from 1994 to 2010 declines in NMR and IMR seem to be explained by reductions in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Newborn’s gestational age had diminished in all cohorts, preventing even greater reductions of NMR and IMR. Improved sociodemographic variables and reduction of IUGR, seem to be able to explain part of the decrease observed. NMR and IMR could have been reduced even more, were it not for the worsening in gestational age distribution

Avaliação sorológica e molecular do parvovírus B19 (B19V) em doadores de sangue da Fundação Hemocentro de Brasília, Brasil : foco em mulheres em idade fértil

O parvovírus B19 (B19V) pode ser transmitido por via respiratória, verticalmente - da mãe para o feto - e via transfusão de sangue e transplante de órgãos. A infecção por transfusão de sangue ou hemoderivados ocorre devido à resistência do B19V aos métodos de inativação viral. Nosso estudo avaliou a presença do ácido desoxirribonucleico (DNA) B19V e a prevalência de imunoglobulina da classe G (IgG) anti-B19V em mulheres em idade fértil, doadoras de sangue do Distrito Federal, Brasil. Nossos resultados demonstraram a ausência de DNA de B19V nesses doadores. No entanto, foi observada a soroprevalência de IgG anti-B19V em 60,7% dessa população. Este estudo fornece dados importantes da circulação do B19V no Centro-Oeste do Brasil.Parvovirus B19 (B19V) can be transmitted by the respiratory route, vertically - from the mother to the fetus - and via blood transfusion or organ transplantation. Infection by transfusion of blood or blood products occurs due to the resistance of B19V to viral inactivation methods. Our study evaluated the presence of B19V deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and the prevalence of anti-B19V class G immunoglobulin (IgG) in women of childbearing age blood donors of the Federal District, Brazil. Our results demonstrated the absence of B19V DNA in these blood donors. However, the seroprevalence for anti-B19V IgG was observed in 60.7% of this population. This study provides important data of B19V circulation in the Center-West of Brazil

pH-responsive phthalate cashew gum nanoparticles for improving drugs delivery and anti-Trypanosoma cruzi efficacy

Funding Information: The authors acknowledge Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco ( FACEPE ) for a scholarship. This study was supported by funding from the Spanish Group CTS-946 and project P18-RT-3786 . Publisher Copyright: © 2023 Elsevier B.V.Nanotechnology is a crucial technology in recent years has resulted in new and creative applications of nanomedicine. Polymeric nanoparticles have increasing demands in pharmaceutical applications and require high reproducibility, homogeneity, and control over their properties. Work explores the use of cashew phthalate gum (PCG) as a particle-forming polymer. PCG exhibited a pH-sensitive behavior due to the of acid groups on its chains, and control drug release. We report the development of nanoparticles carrying benznidazole. Formulations were characterized by DLS, encapsulation efficiency, drug loading, FTIR, pH-responsive behavior, release, and in vitro kinetics. Interaction between polymer and drug was an evaluated by molecular dynamics. Morphology was observed by SEM, and in vitro cytotoxicity by MTT assay. Trypanocidal effect for epimastigote and trypomastigote forms was also evaluated. NPs responded to the slightly basic pH, triggering the release of BNZ. In acidic medium, they presented small size, spherical shape, and good stability. It was indicated NP with enhanced biological activity, reduced cytotoxicity, high anti T. cruzi performance, and pH-sensitive release. This work investigated properties related to the development and enhancement of nanoparticles. PCG has specific physicochemical properties that make it a promising alternative to drug delivery, however, there are still challenges to be overcome.publishersversionpublishe

FREQUÊNCIA E FATORES ASSOCIADOS À ATIVIDADE FÍSICA NO LAZER ENTRE ADULTOS NO BRASIL E NA AMAZÔNIA LEGAL: ESTUDO DE BASE POPULACIONAL / FREQUENCY AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH LEISURE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG ADULTS IN BRAZIL AND IN THE AMAZON: POPULATION-BASED STUDY

Introdução: A prática regular de atividade física tem sido recomendada como importante estratégia de promoção em saúde,mas a inatividade física ainda permanece alta em várias regiões. Objetivo: Investigar a frequência e fatores associados à atividadefísica de lazer nas regiões brasileiras e nos estados que compõem a sua Amazônia legal. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudotransversal baseado num inquerido domiciliar de residentes de todas as regiões do Brasil, realizada em 2008 pelo InstitutoBrasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Utilizou-se uma amostra de 186.424 indivíduos com idade entre 20 e 59 anos. Avariável dependente foi atividade física de lazer. Resultados: A frequência da AFL no Brasil foi de 13,8% e entre os estados daAmazônia legal foi de 10,8%. A AFL no Brasil foi maior entre as mulheres na idade entre 20 a 29 anos e na Amazônia legal foientre os homens. Independente da região, quanto maior a renda, escolaridade e autoavaliação de saúde maior a frequência deatividade física de lazer. Conclusão: Atividade física de lazer é menos praticada por pessoas com maior vulnerabilidade socioeconômicae pelos moradores da Amazônia Legal, mesmo que eles tenham os mesmos níveis socioeconômicos dos moradoresdo Brasil.Palavras-chave: Atividade motora. Fatores Socioeconômicos. Estudos Transversais. Desigualdades em Saúde.AbstractIntroduction: Regular physical activity (RPA) has been recommended as an important health promotion strategy, but physicalinactivity remains high in several regions. Objective: To investigate the frequency and factors associated with leisure RPA inBrazilian regions and states that make up its legal Amazon. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study based on a populationbasedsurvey in residents of all regions of Brazil, conducted in 2008 by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE,in Portuguese). We used a sample of 186,424 individuals aged between 20 and 59 years. The dependent variable was leisureRPA. Results: The frequency of leisure RPA in Brazil was 13.8% and among the states of the Amazon region was 10.8%. The leisureRPA in Brazil was higher among women aged between 20 to 29 years and in the Legal Amazon was among men. Regardlessof the region, the higher the income, schooling and health self-assessment the frequency of leisure RPA. Conclusion: Leisure RPAis less practiced by people with higher socioeconomic vulnerability and by the inhabitants of the Amazon, even if they have thesame socioeconomic status of the residents of Brazil.Keywords: Motor Activity. Cross-Sectional Studies. Socioeconomic Factors. Health Inequalitie