Development of in vitro systems to study IFN signalling in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)

Type I interferon (IFN I) triggers specific signalling pathways leading to the activation of the innate immune defence of vertebrates against viral infections. In contrats, type II IFN (IFN II) is generally accepted to be part of the adaptive response. Among IFN I-stimulated genes, those coding the Mx proteins play a main role due to the direct antiviral activity of these proteins. The study of Mx genes in gilthead seabream, one of the most important species in the Mediterranean aquaculture, is especially interesting, as this species displays a high natural resistance to viral diseases, and behaves as asymptomatic carrier and/or reservoir of several viruses, such as viral nervous necrosis virus (VNNV), infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), and viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV), which are pathogenic to other fish species. Three Mx genes (Mx1, Mx2, and Mx3) have been identified in S. aurata, showing the three proteins a wide spectrum of antiviral activity. The structure of the three promoters (pMx1, pMx2 and pMx3) has been disclosed, and their response to IFN I, IPNV and VHSV indicated a clear induction of the three promoters, with some differences in the kinetics and magnitude of the response. Several studies evidenced the important role of Mx transcription regulation on virus-host interaction: i) Mx promoters can respond to both IFN I and IFN II, thus Mx might be the link between innate and adaptive immunity; ii) Mx activation is blocked by several viruses, thus Mx transcription is the target of their IFN I antagonistic activity; and iii) A fish cell line modified with the promoter of a fish Mx gene was used to measure viraemia in serum with high sensitivity. Therefore, assessing the regulatory mechanisms controlling the transcription of fish Mx genes could significantly contribute to both, understanding virus-host interactions, and designing strategies to control viral infections. In our case, this approach can also give light to understand the successful antiviral strategies developed by gilthead seabream in nature. Thus, the purpose of the present work was to develop three stable transgenic cell lines expressing the firefly luciferase gene under the control of the gilthead seabream Mx promoters. These in vitro systems were established and their response to poly I:C, and to two viral infections was characterized. In the case of IPNV, a clear antagonistic activity was observed for pMx2, as the activity of the promoter was 78.53% lower, however, this effect was not observed for pMx1 and pMx3. When cells were infected with VHSV, no changes in the promoters’ activity were detected, thus indicating that seabream Mx promoters are not targeted by VHSV antagonistic activity. These results confirm the specificity of the interactions between each virus/promoter combination, and support the use of the three cell lines developed as useful tools to characterize virus-host interactions in this species. Further studies aimed at the identification of the molecular mechanisms behind our observations will allow us to get more insight into this complex system.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Fortalecer las habilidades comunicativas de los niños y niñas de quinto de primaria a través de la lúdica colegio José Martí

El presente trabajo parte de reconocer que en los estudiantes de grado quinto de la IED José Martí se presentan problemas en el adecuado desarrollo de sus habilidades comunicativas. El abordaje de la misma parte del reconocimiento de la misma y profundización en trabajos de la misma naturaleza que circulan en el contexto educativo

Differential induction of the gilthead seabream Mx1, Mx2 and Mx3 promoters by IPNV and VHSV

Type I interferon (IFN I) system triggers specific signalling pathways leading to the activation of the innate immune defence of vertebrates against viral infections. The complex expression regulation of Interferon Stimulated Genes (ISGs) is responsible for the control of the IFN I response. Hence, one of the key issues in understanding virus-host interactions relies on the knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms governing ISGs expression. Among ISGs, the Mx proteins play a main role due to their direct antiviral activity. The study of Mx genes in the farmed fish gilthead seabream is especially interesting, since this species displays an unusually high natural resistance to viral diseases, and behaves as an asymptomatic carrier and/or reservoir of several viruses, such as infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) and viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV), pathogenic to other fish species. Three independent Mx genes (Mx1, Mx2, and Mx3) have been identified in this species, showing the three proteins a wide spectrum of antiviral activity. The structure of the three promoters (pMx1, pMx2 and pMx3) has been disclosed, and their response to poly I:C characterized in RTG-2 cells, where a clear induction of the three promoters, although with some differences in the kinetics and magnitude of the response, was observed. To further analyse these promoters, the response of pMx1, pMx2 and pMx3 to two viral infections has been evaluated in the present study. For that purpose, RTG-2 cells were transiently transfected with plasmids containing each promoter driving the luciferase gene, and subsequently inoculated with either IPNV or VHSV. Although the three promoters were induced by IPNV and VHSV, several differences were recorded. In general, the response was stronger in cells inoculated with VHSV compared to IPNV-inoculated cells, and the fold induction was higher for pMx2. These results highlight the specific regulation that controls the activity of each promoter, and support the idea that a complex interaction between host cells, specific Mx promoters, and viruses, is the responsible of the final outcome of a viral infection, in terms of Mx induction. The authors want to thank Dr. C. P. Dopazo (University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain) for supplying the VHSV isolate used in this work.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Qué necesitan los estudiantes de Periodismo para su inserción laboral. Análisis de la demanda del mercado laboral de las empresas de comunicación.

PIMCD nº 176, realizado por el grupo Research and Learning of Media and Communications Management. Investigación y Enseñanza de la Gestión de los Medios y la Comunicación (MediaCom UCM) www.ccinf.es/mediacom/Primera fase de trabajo para fijar descriptores que identifiquen comportamientos formativos de entrada en el mercado laboral. En esta fase se han encontrado 442 oferentes de contratos en prácticas para estudiantes de Periodismo. Los datos obtenidos se articulan de acuerdo a dos subsecciones: sectores empresariales y empresas; a su vez, cada subsector, atendiendo al índice de recepción de alumnos y la descripción cualitativa de los puestos.Depto. de Periodismo y Comunicación GlobalFac. de Ciencias de la InformaciónFALSEsubmitte

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GUIA DIDACTICA / PLANEACION DIDACTICA (NMS

Case-Control Analysis of the Impact of Anemia on Quality of Life in Patients with Cancer: A Qca Study Analysis

The impact of anemia on the quality of life (QoL) in cancer patients has been studied previously; however, the cut-off point used to define anemia differed among studies, thus providing inconsistent results. Therefore, we analysed the clinical impact of anemia on QoL using the same cut-off point for hemoglobin level to define anemia as that used in ESMO clinical practice guidelines. This post-hoc analysis aimed to determine the impact of anemia on QoL in cancer patients through the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of life questionnaire version 3.0 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and Euro QoL 5-dimension 3-level (EQ-5D-3L) questionnaire. We found that cancer patients with anemia had significantly worse QoL in clinical terms. In addition, anemic patients had more pronounced symptoms than those in non-anemic patients. Anemia is a common condition in cancer patients and is associated with a wide variety of symptoms that impair quality of life (QoL). However, exactly how anemia affects QoL in cancer patients is unclear because of the inconsistencies in its definition in previous reports. We aimed to examine the clinical impact of anemia on the QoL of cancer patients using specific questionnaires. We performed a post-hoc analysis of a multicenter, prospective, case-control study. We included patients with cancer with (cases) or without (controls) anemia. Participants completed the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life questionnaire version 3.0 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and Euro QoL 5-dimension 3-level (EQ-5D-3L) questionnaire. Statistically significant and clinically relevant differences in the global health status were examined. From 2015 to 2018, 365 patients were included (90 cases and 275 controls). We found minimally important differences in global health status according to the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire (case vs. controls: 45.6 vs. 58%, respectively; mean difference: -12.4, p < 0.001). Regarding symptoms, cancer patients with anemia had more pronounced symptoms in six out of nine scales in comparison with those without anemia. In conclusion, cancer patients with anemia had a worse QoL both clinically and statistically