Factors Determining Differences in the Poverty Degree among Countries

The persistency of poverty around the world is one of the most serious problems that humanity has to face, so in order to arise awareness, it is essential that the measurement of such problem is improved. These improvements also give the incentive to carry out motivating actions, design good policies, gauging progress, and enable holding political leaders accountable for meeting targets. To help make this possible, we provide an examination of how poverty is currently measured, bringing together evidence on the nature and extent of poverty in 91 countries around the world. This article presents research using the Rasch model, an inductive method which uses a synthetic-analytical process. This method enables us to provide a comparison of poverty among countries and identifies the main factors that contribute to it

Processing and bread-making quality profile of Spanish spelt wheat

Spelt wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ssp. spelta Thell.) is an ancient wheat that has been widely cultivated for hundreds of years. Recently, this species has been neglected in most of Europe; however, the desire for more natural and traditional foods has driven a revival of the crop. In the current study, eighty-eight traditional spelt genotypes from Spain, together with nine common wheat cultivars and one modern spelt (cv. Anna Maria) were grown during a period of two years in Andalucia (southern Spain). In each, several traits were measured in to evaluate their milling, processing, and end-use quality (bread-making). The comparison between species suggested that, in general, spelt and common wheat showed differences for most of the measured traits; on average, spelt genotypes had softer grains, higher protein content (14.3 vs. 11.9%) and gluten extensibility (alveograph P/L 0.5 vs. 1.8), and lower gluten strength (alveograph W 187 vs. 438 × 10−4 J). In the baking test, both species showed similar values. Nevertheless, the analysis of this set of spelt genotypes showed a wide range for all measured traits, with higher values than common wheat in some spelt genotypes for some traits. This opens up the possibility of using these materials in future breeding programs, to develop either new spelt or common wheat cultivars

Flaxseed-enriched diets change milk concentration of the antimicrobial danofloxacin in sheep

8 p.Flaxseed is the most common and rich dietary source of lignans and is an acceptable supply of energy for livestock. Flaxseed lignans are precursors of enterolignans, mainly enterolactone and enterodiol, produced by the rumen and intestinal microbiota of mammals and have many important biological properties as phytoestrogens. Potential food-drug interactions involving flaxseed may be relevant for veterinary therapy, and for the quality and safety of milk and dairy products. Our aim was to investigate a potential food-drug interaction involving flaxseed, to explore whether the inclusion of flaxseed in sheep diet affects concentration of the antimicrobial danofloxacin in milkS

Impact of Individual Comorbidities on Survival of Patients with Myelofibrosis

Comorbidities; Myelofibrosis; SurvivalComorbilidades; Mielofibrosis; SupervivenciaComorbiditats; Melofibrosi; SupervivènciaThe comorbidity burden is an important risk factor for overall survival (OS) in several hematological malignancies. This observational prospective study was conducted to evaluate the impact of individual comorbidities on survival in a multicenter series of 668 patients with primary myelofibrosis (PMF) or MF secondary to polycythemia vera (PPV-MF) or essential thrombocythemia (PET-MF). Hypertension (hazard ratio (HR) = 4.96, p < 0.001), smoking (HR = 5.08, p < 0.001), dyslipidemia (HR = 4.65, p < 0.001) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) (HR = 4.26, p = 0.015) were most adversely associated with OS. Diabetes (HR = 3.01, p < 0.001), pulmonary disease (HR = 3.13, p < 0.001) and renal dysfunction (HR = 1.82, p = 0.037) were also associated with an increased risk of death. Multivariate analysis showed that pulmonary disease (HR = 2.69, p = 0.001), smoking (HR = 3.34, p < 0.001), renal dysfunction (HR = 2.08, p = 0.043) and HCV (HR = 11.49, p = 0.001) had a negative impact on OS. When ruxolitinib exposure was included in the model, the effect of each comorbidity on survival was modified. Therefore, individual comorbidities should be taken into account in determining the survival prognosis for patients with MF.This research was supported by an unrestricted grant from Novartis Pharmaceutical. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of Novartis

Adsorption and removal of phenoxy acetic herbicides from water by using commercial activated carbons: experimental and computational studies

In this study, commercial activated carbons (GAB and CBP) were successfully used for the removal of two phenoxy acetic class-herbicides, 4-chloro-2-methyl phenoxy acetic acid and 2.4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (MCPA and 2.4-D) from aqueous solution. The adsorbent materials were characterized, and their equilibrium adsorption capacity was evaluated. The results suggest that the microporous properties of GAB activated carbon enhanced the adsorption capacity, in comparison to CBP carbon. Thus, the increasing in the ionic strength favored the adsorption removal of both pesticides, indicating that electrostatic interactions between the pollutant and the adsorbate surface are governing the adsorption mechanism, but increasing pH values decreased adsorption capacity. Experimental data for equilibrium was analyzed by two models: Langmuir and Freundlich. Finally, computational simulation studies were used to explore both the geometry and energy of the pesticides adsorption.Centro de Estudios de Compuestos OrgánicosComisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la provincia de Buenos Aire

Riesgos en los contratos de obra pública, de conformidad con la forma de remuneración

La contratación de obra pública en la ejecución de proyectos de infraestructura vial es hasta el momento la actividad más onerosa desarrollada por el Estado colombiano, cuyos procesos se encuentran regidos por las Leyes 80 de 1993, 1150 de 2007, 1474 de 2011 y 1882 de 2018, pero la Ley 80 de 1993 en su reglamentación no determinó la forma ideal de celebrar los contratos de obra pública, por tanto el contratante goza de libre autonomía para elegir el modelo de contratación y su forma de pago (TAPIAS, 2000). Todo proceso de contratación requiere de una fase de planeación, en donde se identifica las necesidades y se elaboran los estudios técnicos que determinen la viabilidad de la obra, una fase de análisis del sector que define los requisitos para contratar, como son la capacidad financiera, organizacional y de administración de riesgos de los posibles proponentes, de las situaciones referentes a la estimación de los riesgos y al valor y la forma de pago de la contratación de obra pública (COLOMBIA COMPRA EFICIENTE, 2014). Los riesgos en cualquier tipo de contratación hacen referencia a los previsibles y a los imprevisibles; los primeros deben estar contemplados tanto en los estudios técnicos como en el diseño y viabilidad de la obra, determinando su costo y duración, mientras que los imprevisibles, por ser indeterminados, corresponden a un porcentaje del costo total de la obra a contratar. En el presente artículo de reflexión se pretende exponer los diferentes riesgos que se pueden presentar en los contratos de obra pública de conformidad con la remuneración o forma de pago por precio global, precios unitarios y administración delegada.Universidad Libre Seccional Pereira -- Facultad de Derecho, Ciencias Políticas y Sociales -- DerechoThe contracting of public works in the execution of road infrastructure projects is so far the most expensive activity carried out by the Colombian state, whose processes are governed by laws 80 of 1993, 1150 of 2007, 1474 of 2011 and 1882 of 2018, but Law 80 of 1993 in its regulations did not determine the ideal way to conclude public works contracts, therefore, the contractor enjoys free autonomy to choose the contracting model and its payment method. Every contracting process requires a planning phase, where the needs are identified and the technical studies that determine the viability of the work are prepared; a phase of analysis of the sector that defines the requirements to hire; such as the financial, organizational and risk management capacity of the potential proponents, of the situations related to the estimation of the risks and the value and method of payment of the contracting of public works. Risks in any type of contract refer to the foreseeable and the unpredictable; the former must be considered both in technical studies and in the design and feasibility of the work, determining its cost and duration; Unpredictable because they are undetermined correspond to a percentage of the total cost of the work to be hired. In this article of reflection it is intended to expose the different risks that may arise in public works contracts in accordance with the remuneration or payment method for global price, unit prices and delegated administration

Adsorption and removal of phenoxy acetic herbicides from water by using commercial activated carbons: experimental and computational studies

In this study, commercial activated carbons (GAB and CBP) were successfully used for the removal of two phenoxy acetic class-herbicides, 4-chloro-2-methyl phenoxy acetic acid and 2.4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (MCPA and 2.4-D) from aqueous solution. The adsorbent materials were characterized, and their equilibrium adsorption capacity was evaluated. The results suggest that the microporous properties of GAB activated carbon enhanced the adsorption capacity, in comparison to CBP carbon. Thus, the increasing in the ionic strength favored the adsorption removal of both pesticides, indicating that electrostatic interactions between the pollutant and the adsorbate surface are governing the adsorption mechanism, but increasing pH values decreased adsorption capacity. Experimental data for equilibrium was analyzed by two models: Langmuir and Freundlich. Finally, computational simulation studies were used to explore both the geometry and energy of the pesticides adsorption.Centro de Estudios de Compuestos OrgánicosComisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la provincia de Buenos Aire

Adsorption and removal of phenoxy acetic herbicides from water by using commercial activated carbons: experimental and computational studies

In this study, commercial activated carbons (GAB and CBP) were successfully used for the removal of two phenoxy acetic class-herbicides, 4-chloro-2-methyl phenoxy acetic acid and 2.4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (MCPA and 2.4-D) from aqueous solution. The adsorbent materials were characterized, and their equilibrium adsorption capacity was evaluated. The results suggest that the microporous properties of GAB activated carbon enhanced the adsorption capacity, in comparison to CBP carbon. Thus, the increasing in the ionic strength favored the adsorption removal of both pesticides, indicating that electrostatic interactions between the pollutant and the adsorbate surface are governing the adsorption mechanism, but increasing pH values decreased adsorption capacity. Experimental data for equilibrium was analyzed by two models: Langmuir and Freundlich. Finally, computational simulation studies were used to explore both the geometry and energy of the pesticides adsorption.Fil: Spaltro, Agustín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; ArgentinaFil: Pila, Matías Nicolás. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Simonetti, Sandra Isabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Física del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Física del Sur; Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional; ArgentinaFil: Alvarez Torrellas, Silvia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: García Rodríguez, Juan. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: Ruiz, Danila Luján. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Díaz Compañy, Andres Carlos Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Física del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Física del Sur; Argentina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Juan, Alfredo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Física del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Física del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Allegretti, Patricia Ercilia. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Argentin

Banda transportadora desde el enfoque Sistema de Visión.

Esta banda transportadora es capaz de detectar en los objetos colores y formas determinados con anterioridad, esto por medio de una cámara HD dada su excelente calidad, por medio de sistemas de visión. Al momento de que los objetos pasen por esta cámara se ingresaran en la base de datos que se creó con las combinaciones requeridas de formas y colores; ya localizando el objeto la banda separara los objetos y los pondrán en el lugar donde pertenecen. Con esto se desea lograr un sistema automatizado capaz de separar u ordenar objetos dados por sus características

Hacia un Diseño Flipped-Classroom para Asignaturas de Diseño y Sistemas de Bases De Datos con Perspectiva Multidisciplinar en el Proceso Comunicativo

Memoria ID-2020/005 Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2020-2021