Implementation issues in product line scoping

Often product line engineering is treated similar to the waterfall model in traditional software engineering, i.e., the different phases (scoping, analysis, architecting, implementation) are treated as if they could be clearly separated and would follow each other in an ordered fashion. However, in practice strong interactions between the individual phases become apparent. In particular, how implementation is done has a strong impact on economic aspects of the project and thus how to adequately plan it. Hence, assessing these relationships adequately in the beginning has a strong impact on performing a product line project right. In this paper we present a framework that helps in exactly this task. It captures on an abstract level the relationships between scoping information and implementation aspects and thus allows to provide rough guidance on implementation aspects of the project. We will also discuss the application of our framework to a specific industrial project

The measurement of the pp->K+ n Sigma+ reaction near threshold

It is shown that a recent extraction of the total cross section for pp->K+ n Sigma+ from inclusive K+ production data is in conflict with experimental data on the exclusive pp->K+ p Lambda reaction. The result may be interpreted as an upper bound which is not inconsistent with the much lower values that already exist in the literature.Comment: Submitted to PL

Pion photoproduction on the nucleon in the quark model

We present a detailed quark-model study of pion photoproduction within the effective Lagrangian approach. Cross sections and single-polarization observables are investigated for the four charge channels, $\gamma p\to \pi^+ n$, $\gamma n\to \pi^- p$, $\gamma p\to \pi^0 p$, and $\gamma n\to \pi^0 n$. Leaving the $\pi N\Delta$ coupling strength to be a free parameter, we obtain a reasonably consistent description of these four channels from threshold to the first resonance region. Within this effective Lagrangian approach, strongly constrainted by the quark model, we consider the issue of double-counting which may occur if additional {\it t}-channel contributions are included.Comment: Revtex, 35 pages, 16 eps figures; version to appear on PR

Leading particle effect, inelasticity and the connection between average multiplicities in {\bf e+e−e^+e^-} and {\bf pppp} processes

The Regge-Mueller formalism is used to describe the inclusive spectrum of the proton in $p p$ collisions. From such a description the energy dependences of both average inelasticity and leading proton multiplicity are calculated. These quantities are then used to establish the connection between the average charged particle multiplicities measured in {\bf $e^+e^-$} and {\bf $pp/{\bar p}p$} processes. The description obtained for the leading proton cross section implies that Feynman scaling is strongly violated only at the extreme values of $x_F$, that is at the central region ($x_F \approx 0$) and at the diffraction region ($x_F \approx 1$), while it is approximately observed in the intermediate region of the spectrum.Comment: 20 pages, 10 figures, to be published in Physical Review

An SU(3) model for octet baryon and meson fragmentation

The production of the octet of baryons and mesons in e^+ e^- collisions is analysed, based on considerations of SU(3) symmetry and a simple model for SU(3) symmetry breaking in fragmentation functions. All fragmentation functions, D_q^h(x, Q^2), describing the fragmentation of quarks into a member of the baryon octet (and similarly for fragmentation into members of the meson octet) are expressed in terms of three SU(3) symmetric functions, \alpha(x, Q^2), \beta(x, Q^2), and \gamma(x, Q^2). With the introduction of an SU(3) breaking parameter, \lambda, the model is successful in describing hadroproduction data at the Z pole. The fragmentation functions are then evolved using leading order evolution equations and good fits to currently available data at 34 GeV and at 161 GeV are obtained.Comment: 24 pages LaTeX file including 11 postscript figure file

SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA: DESAFIOS TEÓRICOS

This is a reflexive study which aims at exploring the theoretical notions about family and family health that emerge from the literature. At first, the publications about the Family Health Program were selected. The results suggest that the term family health is referred as a strategy and as a proposal of change in the field of health care. However, it arises as an articulated group of principles, objectives, beliefs and practices that may aid in the formation of a theoretical understanding about family health. Secondly, the concepts of family, family health and nursing elaborated by a group that works in the area presented. After that, an approximation between those concepts and the theoretical notions identified by the study is sought. At last, the work is concluded with suggestions for the theoretical advance in the formulation of concepts of family, family health and family nursing.Se trata de un estudio reflexivo com la intención de explorar las nociones teóricas sobre la familia que surgen en la literatura. Inicialmente, fueron seleccionadas las publicaciones sobre el programa « saúde da família». Los resultados indican que el término salud de la familia se refiere a una estrategia y a una propuesta de cambios en el campo de la salud. Sin embargo, surge como un conjunto articulado de principios, objetivos, creencias y prácticas que pueden auxiliar en la composición de un entendimiento teórico sobre la salud de la familia. Enseguida, son presentados los conceptos de familia, salud de la familia y enfermería, elaborados por un grupo que actúa en el área de la familia. A seguir, se busca una aproximación entre las nociones teóricas identificadas por el estudio, finalizando con las sugestiones para el avance teórico en la formulación de los conceptos de familia, salud de la familia y enfermería a la familia.Trata-se de um estudo reflexivo com a intenção de explorar as noções teóricas sobre família e saúde da família que emergem da literatura.Numprimeiro momento, foram selecionadas as publicações sobre o Programa Saúde da Família. Os resultados indicam que o termo saúde da família é referido como uma estratégia e uma proposta de mudança no campo da saúde. Contudo, surge como um conjunto articulado de princípios, objetivos, crenças e práticas, que podem auxiliar na composição de um entendimento teórico sobre saúde da família. No segundo momento, são apresentados os conceitos de família, saúde da família e Enfermagem elaborados por um grupo que atua na área de família.Aseguir, busca-se uma aproximação entre essas noções teóricas identificadas pelo estudo, finalizando com as sugestões para os avanços teóricos na formulação dos conceitos de família, saúde da família e Enfermagem à família

Anesthesia and cognitive performance in children: No evidence for a causal relationship

* Both authors contributed evenly to the manuscript Recent findings of an association between anesthesia administration in the first three years of life and later learning disabilities have created concerns that anesthesia has neurotoxic effects on synaptogenesis, causing later learning problems. An alternative hypothesis is that those children who are likely to undergo surgery early in life have significant medical problems that are associated with a vulnerability to learning disabilities. These two hypotheses were evaluated in a monozygotic concordant–discordant twin design. Data on anesthesia administration and learning abilities and disabilities were available for 1,143 monozygotic twin pairs (56 % female) from the Netherlands Twin Registry. Parents of the twins reported on anesthesia use before age 3 and again between ages 3 and 12 years. Near age 12, educational achievement and cognitive problems were assessed with standardized tests and teacher ratings. Results showed that twins who were exposed to anesthesia before age 3 had significantly lower educational achievement scores and significantly more cognitive problems than twins not exposed to anesthesia. However, there was one important exception: the unexposed co-twin from discordant pairs did not differ from their exposed cotwin. Thus, there is no evidence for a causal relationship between anesthesia administration and later learning-related outcomes in this sample. Rather, there is evidence for early anesthesia being a marker of an individual’s vulnerability for later learning problems, regardless of their exposure to anesthesia