Influencia de la densidad de plantas y de la aplicación de enmiendas orgánicas al suelo en el cultivo de cedrón paraguay (Limpia citriodora L.)

El cedrón Paraguay (Lippia citriodora L.) es un rubro de exportación en San Pedro de Ycuamandyyú y las exigencias del mercado hacen que el mismo sea producido sin la utilización de agroquímicos, por lo que se deben buscar opciones alternativas para incrementar la productividad. Con el objeto de estudiar la influencia, que tiene la densidad de plantas y la aplicación de enmiendas orgánicas al suelo en la producción de masa seca de hoja de este cultivo durante el primer año, fue implantado un experimento factorial, en bloques al azar con 3 repeticiones, en la compañía Quiindy-Barbero (San Pedro del Ycuamandyyú), en octubre del 2002. Los tratamientos consistieron en la combinación de 5 densidades de plantas (33.333, 25.000, 20.000, 16.666 y 14.285 pl/há) y 3 enmiendas orgánicas (enmienda cero, enmienda húmica y estiércol bovino), siendo determinado el rendimiento en masa seca de hojas en el primer corte, en el segundo corte y el rendimiento total en el primer año. El aumento de la densidad de plantas produjo un mayor rendimiento en cada uno de los cortes realizados así como en el ciclo total, siendo la población de 33.333 pl/ha el que indujo mayor productividad. La aplicación del estiércol bovino incrementó el rendimiento del cultivo en todos los cortes realizados, reflejándose el mismo efecto en la productividad toral. Ambos factores no interaccionan entre si en las etapas iniciales, pero el efecto combinado se refleja en el segundo corte, principalmente para altas densidades (>20.000 pl/ha)

Optimización de un plan de gestión de procesos constructivos basados en principios Lean Construction para un sistema constructivo de ductilidad limitada del Condominio La Ribera de Santa Clara, Ate-2019

La presente investigación, refiere una investigación de campo exploratoria, que tiene como objetivo desarrollar un plan de gestión para la optimización de procesos constructivos basados en principios Lean Construction en edificaciones con sistema constructivo de ductilidad limitada. Para lo anterior, se dará revisión a los documentos relativos a la productividad de una obra de ductilidad limitada de más de seis pisos ejecutada en la ciudad de Lima. Esta obra ya ha sido ejecutada y concluida, por lo cual se asume como un referente de la realidad percibida en este tipo de obras, basándose en datos reales que le confieren validez a la presente investigación, dichos datos son organizados y analizados con la finalidad de detectar la productividad y proponer las mejoras necesarias que sean aplicables a este tipo de obras. El problema general de optimización de los procesos constructivos fue resuelto mediante los cuatro objetivos específicos propuestos, determinando los niveles de productividad del plan de gestión, optimizando el plan de gestión, determinando el PPC del plan de gestión y midiendo los rendimientos mediante la curva de aprendizaje, todo ello mediante la metodología Lean Construction. Los resultados conseguidos en la presente investigación para cuatro principales partidas estudiadas son de una mejora significativa en las partidas estudiadas obteniendo un TP mejorado en un 8.32%, y un TNC reducido en un 7.75% al aplicar Lean Construction. Además, se ha obtenido un PPC agregado del 75% y los rendimientos a través la curva de aprendizaje han ascendido a un promedio del 94.5%.The present investigation refers to an exploratory field investigation, which aims to develop a management plan for the optimization of construction processes based on Lean Construction principles in buildings with a construction system of limited ductility. For the above, a review will be given to the documents related to the productivity of a work of limited ductility of more than six floors executed in the city of Lima. This work has already been executed and concluded, for which it is assumed as a referent of the perceived reality in this type of works, based on real data that give validity to the present investigation, said data is organized and analyzed with the purpose of detect productivity and propose the necessary improvements that are applicable to this type of works. The general problem of optimization of the construction processes was solved by means of the four specific objectives proposed, determining the productivity levels of the management plan, optimizing the management plan, determining the PPC of the management plan and measuring the yields through the learning curve, all this through the Lean Construction methodology. The results obtained in the present investigation for four main items studied are a significant improvement in the items studied, obtaining an improved TP by 8.32%, and a TNC reduced by 7.75% when applying Lean Construction. In addition, an aggregate PPC of 75% has been obtained and the returns through the learning curve have risen to an average of 94.5%

Haematological parameters in a free-ranging population of Didelphis virginiana from Mexico

The American opossum Didelphis virginiana is the marsupial species with the largest geographic distribution in North America, a very important natural host and key to the maintenance and transmission of many zoonotic pathogenic microorganisms of importance in public health, and one of the wild mammals with the greatest adaptation to the human environment, but despite all that very little is known about some physiological aspects in their free-ranging populations. In the present study, basic haematological parameters of 201 opossums from a synanthropic population of D. virginiana in a rural locality of the state of Yucatan, are first described. The average values of haemoglobin, packed cell volume, red blood cells, and eosinophils were higher in males and adults (except eosinophils) than in females and juveniles, respectively, and juvenile opossums had higher values of lymphocytes, neutrophils, and platelets than males. Non-pregnant females had significantly higher values of mean corpuscular volume, lymphocytes and platelets than pregnant ones, while red blood cell count and segmented neutrophils showed higher values in pregnant females. The establishment of the basic haematological parameters for free-ranging populations of D. virginiana is a very useful reference for both the health monitoring of the populations and further studying the host-parasite relationship of some zoonotic pathogens present in the Yucatan Peninsula

Cardiomiopatía por Covid-19: reporte de un caso en un paciente previamente saludable

A 30-year-old male patient, without major comorbidities, who developed hypoxic pneumonia due to COVID-19, with recovery. He presented with bradycardia, ventricular premature beats, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, and mild pulmonary hypertension. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging confirmed left systolic dysfunction, with longitudinal strain impairment; the right ventricle showed intramural fibrosis of the free wall and also a marked reduction in its strain. Parietal edema or infiltrative pathologies were ruled out, and after several months the ventricular function recovers. The potential cardiac damage caused by SARS-CoV-2, even in young patients without documented comorbidities, is discussed.Paciente masculino de 30 años, sin comorbilidades mayores, que presentó neumonía hipóxica por COVID-19, recuperándose eventualmente. Cursó con bradicardia, ectopias ventriculares, reducción de la fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo e hipertensión pulmonar leve. La resonancia magnética cardiaca confirmó disfunción sistólica izquierda, con deterioro del strain longitudinal; el ventrículo derecho mostró fibrosis intramural de pared libre y también marcada reducción del strain. Se descartaron edema parietal o patologías infiltrativas, y al cabo de varios meses revirtió la falla ventricular. Se discute el potencial daño cardíaco causado por el SARS-CoV-2 aún en sujetos jóvenes sin comorbilidades documentadas

A genome-wide association scan implicates DCHS2, RUNX2, GLI3, PAX1 and EDAR in human facial variation

We report a genome-wide association scan for facial features in B6,000 Latin Americans. We evaluated 14 traits on an ordinal scale and found significant association (P valueso5 10 8) at single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in four genomic regions for three nose-related traits: columella inclination (4q31), nose bridge breadth (6p21) and nose wing breadth (7p13 and 20p11). In a subsample of B3,000 individuals we obtained quantitative traits related to 9 of the ordinal phenotypes and, also, a measure of nasion position. Quantitative analyses confirmed the ordinal-based associations, identified SNPs in 2q12 associated to chin protrusion, and replicated the reported association of nasion position with SNPs in PAX3. Strongest association in 2q12, 4q31, 6p21 and 7p13 was observed for SNPs in the EDAR, DCHS2, RUNX2 and GLI3 genes, respectively. Associated SNPs in 20p11 extend to PAX1. Consistent with the effect of EDAR on chin protrusion, we documented alterations of mandible length in mice with modified Edar funtion

Native American ancestry significantly contributes to neuromyelitis optica susceptibility in the admixed Mexican population

Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) is an autoimmune disease with a higher prevalence in non-European populations. Because the Mexican population resulted from the admixture between mainly Native American and European populations, we used genome-wide microarray, HLA high-resolution typing and AQP4 gene sequencing data to analyze genetic ancestry and to seek genetic variants conferring NMO susceptibility in admixed Mexican patients. A total of 164 Mexican NMO patients and 1,208 controls were included. On average, NMO patients had a higher proportion of Native American ancestry than controls (68.1% vs 58.6%; p = 5 × 10–6). GWAS identified a HLA region associated with NMO, led by rs9272219 (OR = 2.48, P = 8 × 10–10). Class II HLA alleles HLA-DQB1*03:01, -DRB1*08:02, -DRB1*16:02, -DRB1*14:06 and -DQB1*04:02 showed the most significant associations with NMO risk. Local ancestry estimates suggest that all the NMO-associated alleles within the HLA region are of Native American origin. No novel or missense variants in the AQP4 gene were found in Mexican patients with NMO or multiple sclerosis. To our knowledge, this is the first study supporting the notion that Native American ancestry significantly contributes to NMO susceptibility in an admixed population, and is consistent with differences in NMO epidemiology in Mexico and Latin America.Fil: Romero Hidalgo, Sandra. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica; MéxicoFil: Flores Rivera, José. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía; MéxicoFil: Rivas Alonso, Verónica. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía; MéxicoFil: Barquera, Rodrigo. Max Planck Institute For The Science Of Human History; Alemania. Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia; MéxicoFil: Villarreal Molina, María Teresa. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica; MéxicoFil: Antuna Puente, Bárbara. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica; MéxicoFil: Macias Kauffer, Luis Rodrigo. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Villalobos Comparán, Marisela. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica; MéxicoFil: Ortiz Maldonado, Jair. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía; MéxicoFil: Yu, Neng. American Red Cross; Estados UnidosFil: Lebedeva, Tatiana V.. American Red Cross; Estados UnidosFil: Alosco, Sharon M.. American Red Cross; Estados UnidosFil: García Rodríguez, Juan Daniel. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica; MéxicoFil: González Torres, Carolina. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica; MéxicoFil: Rosas Madrigal, Sandra. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica; MéxicoFil: Ordoñez, Graciela. Neuroimmunología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía; MéxicoFil: Guerrero Camacho, Jorge Luis. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía; MéxicoFil: Treviño Frenk, Irene. American British Cowdray Medical Center; México. Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; MéxicoFil: Escamilla Tilch, Monica. Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; MéxicoFil: García Lechuga, Maricela. Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; MéxicoFil: Tovar Méndez, Víctor Hugo. Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; MéxicoFil: Pacheco Ubaldo, Hanna. Instituto Nacional de Antropología E Historia. Escuela Nacional de Antropología E Historia; MéxicoFil: Acuña Alonzo, Victor. Instituto Nacional de Antropología E Historia. Escuela Nacional de Antropología E Historia; MéxicoFil: Bortolini, María Cátira. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Gallo, Carla. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: Bedoya Berrío, Gabriel. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: Rothhammer, Francisco. Universidad de Tarapacá; ChileFil: Gonzalez-Jose, Rolando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Ruiz Linares, Andrés. Colegio Universitario de Londres; Reino UnidoFil: Canizales Quinteros, Samuel. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Yunis, Edmond. Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Estados UnidosFil: Granados, Julio. Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; MéxicoFil: Corona, Teresa. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía; Méxic

Fully automatic landmarking of 2D photographs identifies novel genetic loci influencing facial features

We report a genome-wide association study for facial features in > 6,000 Latin Americans. We placed 106 landmarks on 2D frontal photographs using the cloud service platform Face++. After Procrustes superposition, genome-wide association testing was performed for 301 inter-landmark distances. We detected nominally significant association (P-value < 5×10− 8) for 42 genome regions. Of these, 9 regions have been previously reported in GWAS of facial features. In follow-up analyses, we replicated 26 of the 33 novel regions (in East Asians or Europeans). The replicated regions include 1q32.3, 3q21.1, 8p11.21, 10p11.1, and 22q12.1, all comprising strong candidate genes involved in craniofacial development. Furthermore, the 1q32.3 region shows evidence of introgression from archaic humans. These results provide novel biological insights into facial variation and establish that automatic landmarking of standard 2D photographs is a simple and informative approach for the genetic analysis of facial variation, suitable for the rapid analysis of large population samples.- Introduction - Results And Discussion -- Study sample and phenotyping -- Trait/covariate correlation and heritability -- Overview of GWAS results and integration with the literature -- Follow-up of genomic regions newly associated with facial features: Replication in two human cohorts -- Follow-up of genomic regions newly associated with facial features: effects in the mouse -- Genome annotations at associated loci - Conclusion - Methods -- Study subjects -- Genotype data -- Phenotyping -- Statistical genetic analysis -- Interaction of EDAR with other genes -- Expression analysis for significant SNPs -- Detection of archaic introgression near ATF3 and association with facial features -- Annotation of SNPs in FUMA -- Shape GWAS in outbred mic

Latin Americans show wide-spread Converso ancestry and imprint of local Native ancestry on physical appearance

Historical records and genetic analyses indicate that Latin Americans trace their ancestry mainly to the intermixing (admixture) of Native Americans, Europeans and Sub-Saharan Africans. Using novel haplotype-based methods, here we infer sub-continental ancestry in over 6,500 Latin Americans and evaluate the impact of regional ancestry variation on physical appearance. We find that Native American ancestry components in Latin Americans correspond geographically to the present-day genetic structure of Native groups, and that sources of non-Native ancestry, and admixture timings, match documented migratory flows. We also detect South/East Mediterranean ancestry across Latin America, probably stemming mostly from the clandestine colonial migration of Christian converts of non-European origin (Conversos). Furthermore, we find that ancestry related to highland (Central Andean) versus lowland (Mapuche) Natives is associated with variation in facial features, particularly nose morphology, and detect significant differences in allele frequencies between these groups at loci previously associated with nose morphology in this sample.Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celula

Latin Americans show wide-spread Converso ancestry and imprint of local Native ancestry on physical appearance

Historical records and genetic analyses indicate that Latin Americans trace their ancestry mainly to the intermixing (admixture) of Native Americans, Europeans and Sub-Saharan Africans. Using novel haplotype-based methods, here we infer sub-continental ancestry in over 6,500 Latin Americans and evaluate the impact of regional ancestry variation on physical appearance. We find that Native American ancestry components in Latin Americans correspond geographically to the present-day genetic structure of Native groups, and that sources of non-Native ancestry, and admixture timings, match documented migratory flows. We also detect South/East Mediterranean ancestry across Latin America, probably stemming mostly from the clandestine colonial migration of Christian converts of non-European origin (Conversos). Furthermore, we find that ancestry related to highland (Central Andean) versus lowland (Mapuche) Natives is associated with variation in facial features, particularly nose morphology, and detect significant differences in allele frequencies between these groups at loci previously associated with nose morphology in this sample.Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celula

Disentangling Signatures of Selection Before and After European Colonization in Latin Americans

Throughout human evolutionary history, large-scale migrations have led to intermixing (i.e., admixture) between previously separated human groups. Although classical and recent work have shown that studying admixture can yield novel historical insights, the extent to which this process contributed to adaptation remains underexplored. Here, we introduce a novel statistical model, specific to admixed populations, that identifies loci under selection while determining whether the selection likely occurred post-admixture or prior to admixture in one of the ancestral source populations. Through extensive simulations, we show that this method is able to detect selection, even in recently formed admixed populations, and to accurately differentiate between selection occurring in the ancestral or admixed population. We apply this method to genome-wide SNP data of ∼4,000 individuals in five admixed Latin American cohorts from Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru. Our approach replicates previous reports of selection in the human leukocyte antigen region that are consistent with selection post-admixture. We also report novel signals of selection in genomic regions spanning 47 genes, reinforcing many of these signals with an alternative, commonly used local-ancestry-inference approach. These signals include several genes involved in immunity, which may reflect responses to endemic pathogens of the Americas and to the challenge of infectious disease brought by European contact. In addition, some of the strongest signals inferred to be under selection in the Native American ancestral groups of modern Latin Americans overlap with genes implicated in energy metabolism phenotypes, plausibly reflecting adaptations to novel dietary sources available in the Americas