El buen uso de las TIC en los planes docentes de enseñanza jurídica: reflexión en torno a la protección de los derechos personalísimos del alumno = The good use of tic in the teaching plans of legal education: Consideration on the protection of the personal rights of the student

11 páginasEn los últimos años los avances tecnológicos han abierto la posibilidad de que la práctica y planificación docente se ejercite a través de herramientas digitales. Las TIC se convierten en un instrumento encaminado a fortalecer la relación entre profesor/alumno y a facilitar la participación, deliberación y colaboración entre los mismos. Este sistema de enseñanza tecnocrático entra en colisión con el derecho a la protección de datos de carácter personal constitucionalmente reconocido y cuyo amparo se ha visto reforzado con la entrada en vigor del Reglamento (UE) 2016/679 del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo de 27 de abril de 2016, relativo a la protección de las personas físicas en lo que respecta al tratamiento de datos personales y a la libre circulación de estos datos.S

La enseñanza universitaria como canal de formación para los futuros profesionales: la aplicación práctica de la teoría jurídica

In this contribution, a proposal for teaching innovation is proposed aimed at making students aware of the practical application of legal theory, that is, to conceive university education as a training channel for future professionals. The implementation of innovative tools in university teaching allows students to develop the participatory character and provide them with communication and learning skills in their professional future. The work will be developed with a group of seventy students of the Degree in Law, aged between 18 and 22 years, during the academic year 2021/2022. The proposal will be developed virtually through training simulators that facilitate the acquisition of skills through situations similar to those that occur in work contexts and that are designed for the student to follow a learning process based on "learning by doing”. In this line, it is intended to develop a pedagogical intervention proposal that incorporates theoretical-practical aspects contemplating a series of activities focused on the areas of research, analysis, reflection and resolution of real cases, while promoting transversal educational actions that will provide give students a more complete and positive vision of themselves, others and their environment that is reflected in their professional future.En la presente contribución se plantea una propuesta de innovación docente encaminada a dar a conocer a los/as alumnos/as la aplicación práctica de la teoría jurídica, es decir concebir la enseñanza universitaria como canal de formación para los futuros profesionales. La implementación de herramientas innovadoras en la enseñanza universitaria permite desarrollar el carácter participativo del alumnado y dotarlo de habilidades comunicativas y de aprendizaje en su futuro profesional. El trabajo se desarrollará con un grupo de setenta estudiantes del Grado en Derecho, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 22 años, durante el curso académico 2021/2022. La propuesta se desarrollará de forma virtual a través de simuladores formativos que facilitan la adquisición de competencias a través de situaciones similares a las que se producen en contextos laborales y que están diseñadas para que el/la alumno/a siga un proceso de aprendizaje basado en el “aprender haciendo”. En esta línea, se pretende desarrollar una propuesta de intervención pedagógica que incorpore aspectos teórico-prácticos contemplando una serie de actividades centradas en los ámbitos de investigación, análisis, reflexión y resolución de casos reales, mientras se promueven a su vez acciones educativas transversales que proporcionarán a los/as estudiantes una visión más completa y positiva de sí mismos, de los demás y de su entorno que se refleje en su futuro profesional

Optimization and Validation of Thermal Desorption Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Ambient Air

Thermal desorption (TD) coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS) is a simple alternative that overcomes the main drawbacks of the solvent extraction-based method: long extraction times, high sample manipulation, and large amounts of solvent waste. This work describes the optimization of TD-GC/MS for the measurement of airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAlls) in particulate phase. The performance of the method was tested by Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1649b urban dust and compared with the conventional method (Soxhlet extraction-GC/MS), showing a better recovery (mean of 97%), precision (mean of 12%), and accuracy (+/- 25%) for the determination of 14 EPA PAHs. Furthermore, other 15 nonpriority PAHs were identified and quantified using their relative response factors (RRFs). Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied for the quantification of PAI Is in real 8 h-samples (PM10), demonstrating its capability for determination of these compounds in short-term monitoring.The authors gratefully thank the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU (Ref.: GIU 13/25, GIU 16/03, and UFI 11/47) and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) for financing the project PROMESHAP (Ref.: CTM 2010-20607). Inaki Elorduy wants to thank the MICINN for his doctoral grant Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacio

The Unfolded Protein Response and the Phosphorylations of Activating Transcription Factor 2 in the trans-Activation of il23a Promoter Produced by β-Glucans

Producción CientíficaCurrent views on the control of IL-23 production focus on theregulation ofil23a, the gene encoding IL-23 p19, by NF- Bincombination with other transcription factors. C/EBP homolo-gous protein (CHOP), X2-Box-binding protein 1 (XBP1), acti-vator protein 1 (AP1), SMAD, CCAAT/enhancer-binding pro-tein (C/EBP ), and cAMP-response element-binding protein(CREB) have been involved in response to LPS, but no data areavailable regarding the mechanism triggered by the fungalmimic and -glucan-containing stimulus zymosan, which pro-duces IL-23 and to a low extent the related cytokine IL-12 p70.Zymosan induced the mobilization of CHOP from the nuclearfractions to phagocytic vesicles. Hypha-formingCandidaalsoinduced the nuclear disappearance of CHOP. Assay of tran-scription factor binding to theil23apromoter showed anincrease of Thr(P)-71–Thr(P)-69-activating transcription fac-tor 2 (ATF2) binding in response to zymosan. PKC and PKA/mitogen- and stress-activated kinase inhibitors down-regulatedThr(P)-71–ATF2 binding to theil23apromoter andil23amRNA expression. Consistent with the current concept ofcomplementary phosphorylations on N-terminal Thr-71 andThr-69 of ATF2 by ERK and p38 MAPK, MEK, and p38 MAPKinhibitors blunted Thr(P)-69–ATF2 binding. Knockdown ofatf2mRNA with siRNA correlated with inhibition ofil23amRNA, but it did not affect the expression ofil12/23bandil10mRNA. These data indicate the following: (i) zymosan decreasesnuclear proapoptotic CHOP, most likely by promoting its accu-mulation in phagocytic vesicles; (ii) zymosan-inducedil23amRNA expression is best explained through coordinated B-and ATF2-dependent transcription; and (iii)il23aexpressionrelies on complementary phosphorylation of ATF2 on Thr-69and Thr-71 dependent on PKC and MAPK activities

Raspberry dietary fibre: Chemical properties, functional evaluation and prebiotic in vitro effect

©2020. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This document is the, Published, version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in LWT - Food Science and Technology. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110140Raspberries have high content of antioxidants; however, there is a lack of information about the functional composition of their dietary fibre. In this work, the total dietary fibre and its soluble and insoluble fractions were analysed for extractable and hydrolysable (poly)phenols, non-starch polysaccharides and functional properties with physiological effects and health implications (fat and water retention and swelling capacity, glucose diffusion retardation index, osmotic pressure and antioxidant capacity). Additionally, their prebiotic effect was assessed by an in vitro fermentation model by the analysis of short chain fatty acids. Results show that raspberry fibre contained mainly hydrolysable (poly)phenols; insoluble dietary fibre was the fraction richest in these compounds and also had the highest antioxidant and fat retention capacity, whereas soluble dietary fibre underwent greater hydration. The in vitro fermentations showed that (poly)phenols were responsible to a great extent for the raspberry prebiotic-like effect, in comparison with the fibre fractions. The results confirm that raspberry dietary fibre fractions could be used as functional and prebiotic ingredients for the development of food products with enhanced physical and nutritional properties

Transcriptome analysis of perirenal fat from Spanish Assaf suckling lamb carcasses showing different levels of kidney knob and channel fat

[EN] Introduction: Suckling lamb meat is highly appreciated in European Mediterranean countries because of its mild flavor and soft texture. In suckling lamb carcasses, perirenal and pelvic fat depots account for a large fraction of carcass fat accumulation, and their proportions are used as an indicator of carcass quality. Material and Methods: This study aimed to characterize the genetic mechanisms that regulate fat deposition in suckling lambs by evaluating the transcriptomic differences between Spanish Assaf lambs with significantly different proportions of kidney knob and channel fat (KKCF) depots in their carcasses (4 High-KKCF lambs vs. 4 Low-KKCF lambs). Results: The analyzed fat tissue showed overall dominant expression of white adipose tissue gene markers, although due to the young age of the animals (17–36 days), the expression of some brown adipose tissue gene markers (e.g., UCP1, CIDEA) was still identified. The transcriptomic comparison between the High-KKCF and Low-KKCF groups revealed a total of 80 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The enrichment analysis of the 49 DEGs with increased expression levels in the Low-KKCF lambs identified significant terms linked to the biosynthesis of lipids and thermogenesis, which may be related to the higher expression of the UCP1 gene in this group. In contrast, the enrichment analysis of the 31 DEGs with increased expression in the High-KKCF lambs highlighted angiogenesis as a key biological process supported by the higher expression of some genes, such as VEGF-A and THBS1, which encode a major angiogenic factor and a large adhesive extracellular matrix glycoprotein, respectively. Discussion: The increased expression of sestrins, which are negative regulators of the mTOR complex, suggests that the preadipocyte differentiation stage is being inhibited in the High-KKCF group in favor of adipose tissue expansion, in which vasculogenesis is an essential process. All of these results suggest that the fat depots of the High-KKCF animals are in a later stage of development than those of the Low-KKCF lambs. Further genomic studies based on larger sample sizes and complementary analyses, such as the identification of polymorphisms in the DEGs, should be designed to confirm these results and achieve a deeper understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying fat deposition in suckling lambsSIThe research described here has been funded by the project EpiMilksheep (RTI2018-093535-B-100) funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. MA-G is funded by a predoctoral fellowship from the Junta de Castilla and León Government and the European Social Fun

Polymorphisms in receptors involved in opsonic and nonopsonic phagocytosis, and correlation with risk of infection in oncohematology patients

Producción CientíficaHigh-risk hematological malignancies are a privileged setting for infection by opportunistic microbes, with invasive mycosis being one of the most serious complications. Recently, genetic background has emerged as an unanticipated risk factor. For this reason, polymorphisms for genes encoding archetypal receptors involved in the opsonic and nonopsonic clearance of microbes, pentraxin-3 (PTX3) and Dectin-1, respectively, were studied and correlated with the risk of infection. Fungal, bacterial, and viral infections were registered for a group of 198 patients with highrisk hematological malignancies. Polymorphisms for the pentraxin-3 gene (PTX3) showed a significant association with the risk of fungal infection by Candida spp. and, especially, by Aspergillus spp. This link remained even for patients undergoing antifungal prophylaxis, thus demonstrating the clinical relevance of PTX3 in the defense against fungi. CLEC7A polymorphisms did not show any definite correlation with the risk of invasive mycosis, nor did they influence the expression of Dectin-1 isoforms generated by alternative splicing. The PTX3 mRNA expression level was significantly lower in samples from healthy volunteers who showed these polymorphisms, although no differences were observed in the extents of induction elicited by bacterial lipopolysaccharide and heat-killed Candida albicans, thus suggesting that the expression of PTX3 at the start of infection may influence the clinical outcome. PTX3 mRNA expression can be a good biomarker to establish proper antifungal prophylaxis in immunodepressed patients

Recensiones

Óscar Alzaga Villaamil. La conquista de la transición (1960-1978). Memorias documentadas (María Garrote de Marcos) Artemi Rallo Lombarte. Investiduras fallidas y Constitución ignota (Nieves Alonso García) Juan Francisco Sánchez Barrilao. Pluralismo ordinamental y Derecho constitucional: El Derecho como relaciones entre ordenamientos jurídicos (Patricia García Majado) María Salvador Martínez. Partidos políticos. El estatuto constitucional en los partidos y su desarrollo legal (Eva Sáenz Royo) María Garrote De Marcos. El sistema electoral español: memoria, balance y cambio (Carlos Fernández Esquer) María Isabel González Pascual. La salvaguarda de la autonomía política ante las crisis (Andrés Dueñas Castrillo) Ángel Sánchez Navarro y Rosa Fernández Riveira (Dirs.). Reflexiones para una democracia de calidad en una era tecnológica y Jordi Barrat i Esteve y Miguel Pérez Moneo (Eds.). La digitalización de los partidos políticos y el uso del voto electrónico (José Luis Mateos Crespo

Endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor IRE1α enhances IL-23 expression by human dendritic cells

Producción CientíficaHuman monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) exposed to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) undergo bioenergetic changes that influence the immune response. We found that stimulation with PAMPs enhanced glycolysis in DCs, whereas oxidative phosphorylation remained unaltered. Glucose starvation and the hexokinase inhibitor 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) modulated cytokine expression in stimulated DCs. Strikingly, IL23A was markedly induced upon 2-DG treatment, but not during glucose deprivation. Since 2-DG can also rapidly inhibit protein N-glycosylation, we postulated that this compound could induce IL-23 in DCs via activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. Indeed, stimulation of DCs with PAMPs in the presence of 2-DG robustly activated inositol-requiring protein 1α (IRE1α) signaling and to a lesser extent the PERK arm of the unfolded protein response. Additional ER stressors such as tunicamycin and thapsigargin also promoted IL-23 expression by PAMP-stimulated DCs. Pharmacological, biochemical, and genetic analyses using conditional knockout mice revealed that IL-23 induction in ER stressed DCs stimulated with PAMPs was IRE1α/X-box binding protein 1-dependent upon zymosan stimulation. Interestingly, we further evidenced PERK-mediated and CAAT/enhancer-binding protein β-dependent trans-activation of IL23A upon lipopolysaccharide treatment. Our findings uncover that the ER stress response can potently modulate cytokine expression in PAMP-stimulated human DCs.Plan Nacional de Salud y Farmacia (Proyecto SAF2013-44521-R