Implicit Legal Principles and Coherence

El presente trabajo presenta una concepción de los principios jurídicos implícitos compatible con la tesis juspositivista de las fuentes sociales del derecho, a través de tres funciones de la coherencia jurídica: una descriptiva y dos normativas. En la función descriptiva, los principios «describen» (o «explican») las relaciones de coherencia del sistema de normas. En la primera función normativa, los principios se utilizan para resolver algún caso difícil (i. e. lagunas normativas). En la segunda función normativa, los principios se utilizan para detectar incoherencias y, eventualmente, «derrotarlas». Los principios implícitos son inducidos/abducidos a partir de las normas positivas. Se parte de la concepción de las normas y de los sistemas normativos de Alchourrón y Bulygin, y de la distinción de MacCormick entre consistencia y coherencia.The present work presents a conception of implicit legal principles, compatible with the Social Sources Thesis of Legal Positivism, through three functions of legal coherence: a descriptive one and two normative ones. In the descriptive function, the principles «describe» (or «explain») the coherence relations of a system of norms. In the first of the normative functions, principles are used to solve a hard case (i. e. legal gaps). In the second normative function, principles are used to detect incoherencies and, eventually, «defeat» them. Implicit principles are induced/abduced from positive norms of the system. The present work takes as a starting point Alchourrón and Bulygin’s conceptions of norms and normative systems, and the distinction, traced by MacCormick between consistency and coherence

Corporate boards in high-tech firms

Evidence concerning the impact of boards on firms’ governance and performance remains controversial. We explore the issue of board effectiveness by examining the supervisory role boards play and their advisory function. We examine the importance of these two roles in high technology contexts and control for the endogenous nature of the representative variables in boards. Our paper uses a sample of European firms to highlight that in high-tech industries the advisory function of boards provides higher explanatory power for performance than does the monitoring function, and that larger and less independent boards may improve governance and consequently enhance performance.Financial support from the Education Ministry at the Regional Government of Castilla y Leon (GR144

Temperatura corporal y temperatura de calentamiento en el cuidado de pacientes grandes quemados

Objectives: To describe the heating methods and their application to maintain body temperature in majors burn patients.Methodology: Bibliographic review carried out between September 2019 and February 2020 about the thermoregulation and heating of the burn patient in the CINHAL, CUIDEN, PUBMED, MEDES and WOS databases in Spanish and English, documents from the last 10 years, from which 26 were analyzed.Results: Hypermetabolic response and hypothalamic reprogramming cause an increase in basal temperature in burn patients between 37 and 38.5ºC without infectious origin. To decrease the energy expenditure at rest and the hypermetabolic response, it is possible to act through a high ambient temperature between 28 and 32ºC as passive external heating. Discussion: Other external heating methods can achieve this goal such as convective air blankets, heating plates, or surface systems.Conclusions: The recommendation of warming by means of high ambient temperature, which creates hostile environments for workers and patients, should be reviewed through the study of the inclusion of active external warming methods.Objetivos: El objetivo es describir los métodos de calentamiento y su aplicación para el mantenimiento de la temperatura corporal en el paciente gran quemado.Metodología: Revisión bibliográfica realizada entre septiembre de 2019 y febrero de 2020 acerca de la termorregulación y calentamiento del paciente quemado en las bases de datos CINAHL, CUIDEN, PUBMED, MEDES y WOS en español e inglés, de los últimos 10 años, de los cuales fueron analizados 24 documentos.Resultados: La respuesta hipermetabólica y la reprogramación hipotalámica provocan un aumento de la temperatura basal en los pacientes quemados, entre 37 y 38,5ºC sin origen infeccioso. Para disminuir el gasto energético en reposo y la repuesta hipermetabólica se puede aplicar una temperatura ambiental elevada, como calentamiento externo pasivo, entre 28 y 32ºC. Discusión: Existen otros métodos de calentamiento externo activo que pueden conseguir el mismo objetivo como las mantas de aire convectivo, placas térmicas o sistemas de superficie.Conclusión: Debe revisarse la recomendación de calentamiento mediante temperatura ambiental elevada, que crea ambientes hostiles para los trabajadores y los pacientes, a través del estudio de la inclusión de métodos de calentamiento externo activo

Implicit Principles and Social Sources of Law

En este trabajo desarrollaré algunas ideas tendentes a elucidar el modo en que los juristas justifican la validez de principios implícitos. Sintetizando, intentaré responder a preguntas del tipo ¿cuál es la explicación lógica o teórica respecto del modo en que los juristas obtienen principios implícitos? o, ¿cuándo un enunciado normativo vale como un principio implícito de un sistema jurídico determinado? Intentaré demostrar que algunas críticas de Ronald Dworkin contra el positivismo no son adecuadas, en punto a que es posible justificar la vigencia (existencia, validez, etc.) de principios implícitos con arreglo a la tesis juspositivista de las fuentes sociales del derecho y con prescindencia de fuentes morales.In this paper I will develop some ideas to elucidate the way jurists justify the validity of implicit principles. Summarizing, I will try to answer questions such as: what is the logical or theoretical explanation of how jurists obtain implicit principles? Or, when is a normative statement considered an implicit principle of a given legal system? I will try to show that some criticisms of Ronald Dworkin against positivism are not adequate, in that it is possible to justify the validity (existence, etc.) of implicit principles according to the juspositivist thesis of the social sources of law and without reference to moral sources.El presente trabajo es fruto de un proyecto de investigación dirigido junto a Gabriela Scataglini, con financiación de la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, bienio 2014/2016. DECyT 1403 «Principios Jurídicos Implícitos»

Finite Dimension: A Mathematical Tool to Analise Glycans

There is a need to develop widely applicable tools to understand glycan organization, diversity and structure. We present a graph-theoretical study of a large sample of glycans in terms of finite dimension, a new metric which is an adaptation to finite sets of the classical Hausdorff "fractal" dimension. Every glycan in the sample is encoded, via finite dimension, as a point of Glycan Space, a new notion introduced in this paper. Two major outcomes were found: (a) the existence of universal bounds that restrict the universe of possible glycans and show, for instance, that the graphs of glycans are a very special type of chemical graph, and (b) how Glycan Space is related to biological domains associated to the analysed glycans. In addition, we discuss briefly how this encoding may help to improve search in glycan databases.Fil: Alonso, Juan Manuel. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Matemática Aplicada de San Luis "Prof. Ezio Marchi". Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico, Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto de Matemática Aplicada de San Luis "Prof. Ezio Marchi"; ArgentinaFil: Arroyuelo, Agustina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Matemática Aplicada de San Luis "Prof. Ezio Marchi". Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico, Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto de Matemática Aplicada de San Luis "Prof. Ezio Marchi"; ArgentinaFil: Garay, Pablo Germán. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Matemática Aplicada de San Luis "Prof. Ezio Marchi". Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico, Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto de Matemática Aplicada de San Luis "Prof. Ezio Marchi"; ArgentinaFil: Martín, Osvaldo Antonio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Matemática Aplicada de San Luis "Prof. Ezio Marchi". Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico, Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto de Matemática Aplicada de San Luis "Prof. Ezio Marchi"; ArgentinaFil: Vila, Jorge Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Matemática Aplicada de San Luis "Prof. Ezio Marchi". Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico, Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto de Matemática Aplicada de San Luis "Prof. Ezio Marchi"; Argentin

Finite (Hausdorff) dimension of plants and roots as indicator of ontogeny

The architecture of plants responds to endogenous processes and to the influence of environmental factors. The allometric study of architecture has been a challenge for biology. We define a new finite (Hausdorff) dimension of plants, that considers both the aerial part and the roots, and compute examples. This new finite dimension was introduced recently and, in contrast to the classical Hausdorff dimension, is not zero on finite sets. We propose the finite dimension, as a function of time, as a "signature" of the plant or root. Our first results suggest that the signature is specific to each plant species and its growth period, and constitutes an objective metric that allows to study its ontogenesis in detail.The architecture of plants responds to endogenous processes and to the influence of environmental factors. The allometric study of architecture has been a challenge for biology. We define a new finite (Hausdorff) dimension of plants, that considers both the aerial part and the roots, and compute examples. This new finite dimension was introduced recently and, in contrast to the classical Hausdorff dimension, is not zero on finite sets. We propose the finite dimension, as a function of time, as a "signature" of the plant or root. Our first results suggest that the signature is specific to each plant species and its growth period, and constitutes an objective metric that allows to study its ontogenesis in detail

Violación, aborto y las palabras de la ley

Fil: Alonso, Juan Pablo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Faculta de Derecho. Cátedra Filosofía del Derecho. Buenos Aires, Argentin

Diseño del modelo de negocios y creación de empresa en el sector de autopartes y servicios para vehículos en Bogotá

El presente documento hace referencia a la ejecución del plan de negocios, para la creación de la empresa comercializadora de ofertas de productos en el sector de autopartes y servicios para motorizados en Bogotá, a través del portal web www.motorticket.co. Tener un sitio web no es garantía de ser competitivo, por eso fue necesario definir un producto a partir de sus atributos y características diferenciadoras, diseñado a la medida de los consumidores desde la planeación estratégica, la definición de la cadena de valor, los procesos operativos y el diseño del portal virtual; buscando el camino para cristalizar negocios, rentabilizando el sitio web y la empresa, acompañadas de aliados estrategicos que permiten el posicionamiento en el mercado.Magíster en Ingeniería IndustrialMaestrí

Non-linear models of disability and age applied to census data

It is usually considered that the proportion of handicapped people grows with age. Namely, the older the man/woman is, the more level of disability he/she suffers. However, empirical evidence shows that this assessment is not always true, or at least, it is not true in the Spanish population. This study tries to assess the impact of age on disability in Spain. It is divided into three different parts. The first one is focused in describing the way disability is measured in this work. We used a former index defined by the authors that distinguishes between men and women. The second one is focused in a literature review about the methods used in this paper. This section emphasizes on local regression, feed forward neural networks and BARS. Finally, in the last section estimations are undertaken. Several methods are used and, therefore, there are fairly differences in the results, not only among the methodologies, but also between genders

Why using a general model in Solvency II is not a good idea : an explanation from a Bayesian point of view

The passing of Directive 2009/138/CE (Solvency II) has opened a new era in the European insurance market. According to this new regulatory environment, the volume of own resources will be determined depending on the risks that any insurer would be holding. So, nowadays, the model to estimate the amount of economic capital is one of the most important elements. The Directive establishes that the European entities can use a general model to perform these tasks. However, this situation is far from being optimal because the calibration of the general model has been made using figures that reflects and average behaviour. This paper shows that not all the companies operating in a specific market has the same risk profile. For this reason, it is unsatisfactory to use a general model for all of them. We use the PAM clustering method and afterwards some Bayesian tools to check the results previously obtained. Analysed data (public information belonging to Spanish insurance companies about balance sheets and income statements from 1998 to 2007) comes from the DGSFP (Spanish insurance regulator)