Equiscala: versão brasileira e estudo de confiabilidade e validade da Equiscale

This articles presents the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the Equiscale, and assesses its reliability and validity. The translation was tested on 11 randomly-selected patients with multiple sclerosis, who were also assessed by the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Functional Independence Measure (FIM), and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). The Equiscale was applied twice (test-retest) by three physical therapists. Test-retest reliability was verified by the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), and comparison between Equiscale and the other scales was made using Spearman correlation coefficient. Test-retest reliability was shown to be adequate (ICC=0.882; 0.906), as well as inter-examiner's (ICC=0.947; 0.933; 0.962). Good correlations were also found between Equiscale and BBS (rs=0.8940; p=0.0002), and EDSS (rs=-0.7139; p=0.0136). Results thus show that the Equiscale Brazilian version presents adequate reliability and validity, proving a useful instrument to assess balance in multiple sclerosis patients.Este estudo consistiu na tradução para o português e na verificação da confiabilidade e validade do teste original de equilíbrio Equiscale. A versão brasileira foi testada em 11 indivíduos com esclerose múltipla selecionados aleatoriamente, que foram inicialmente avaliados pela Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg (EEB), Medida de Independência Funcional e pela Escala do Estado de Deficiência Expandida (EDSS). Foram feitas duas avaliações usando a Equiscala (teste-reteste) por três fisioterapeutas, para verificar a confiabilidade interexaminador. A confiabilidade teste-reteste e interexaminador foi verificada pelo coeficiente de correlação intra-classe (CCI); e a relação entre a Equiscala e as demais escalas, pelo coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. Foi demonstrada adequada confiabilidade teste-reteste (CCI=0,882; 0,906) e interexaminador(CCI=0,947; 0,933; 0,962). Também foi encontrada boa correlação da Equiscala com a Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg (rs=0,8940; p=0,0002) e a EDSS (rs=-0,7139; p=0,0136). Os resultados indicam que a Equiscala apresenta adequada confiabilidade e validade, podendo ser aplicada na avaliação do equilíbrio em pacientes com esclerose múltipla

Efeito do peso para membros inferiores no equilíbrio estático e dinâmico nos portadores de ataxia

The object of this research was to evaluate the effect of ataxia sufferers using weights on the lower members while walking. It is believed that weights on lower members benefits the gait quality of ataxia patients, altering the motor programming and neural connections in the cerebellum that are alterable in motor learning. Twentyone individuals were randomly divided into two groups: with weights (GP n=10) and without weights (SP n=11). Everyone did 20 sessions of physiotherapy and were evaluated before (first evaluation), after treatment (second evaluation), and after 30 days (third evaluation), by means of the Berg Balance, Dynamic Gait Index, Equiscale, Inter-national Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale, Functional Independence Measure. The ANOVA analysis was used for repeated measurements to compare the evolution of variables over time, with a significance the GP individuals managed better results with balance, coordination, and functional independence than those without weights. The GP group managed to maintain the benefit from the first through third evaluations on all scales except the DGI. The study proved the effectiveness of weights in improving the static and dynamic balance, the gait coordination, and functional independence.O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito do uso do peso em membros inferiores durante a marcha, nos indivíduos com ataxia. Acredita-se que o peso em membros inferiores traz benefícios na qualidade da marcha nos pacientes atáxicos, alterando a programação motora e conexões neurais cerebelares que são possíveis de alterações na aprendizagem motora. Divididos aleatoriamente, 21 indivíduos em 2 grupos: com peso (GP n=10) e sem peso (SP n=11). Todos realizaram 20 sessões de fisioterapia, avaliados antes (primeira avaliação), depois do tratamento (segunda) e após 30 dias (terceira), através das escalas de Equilíbrio de Berg, Dynamic Gait Index, Equiscale, International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale e Medida de Independência Funcional. Foi utilizada a análise ANOVA para medidas repetidas para comparar a evolução das variáveis ao longo do tempo, com nível de significância p≤ 0.05. Os indivíduos do GP conseguiram melhores resultados após o tratamento quanto ao equilíbrio, coordenação e independência funcional comparados ao SP, sendo estatisticamente significantes. O GP conseguiu manter o ganho da primeira para a terceira avaliação demonstrada por quase todas as escalas, exceto a DGI. O estudo comprovou a efetividade do peso, melhorando o equilíbrio estático e dinâmico, coordenação da marcha e independência funcional

AVALIAÇÃO EXTERNA E AVALIAÇÃO INSTITUCIONAL: EMBATES E DIÁLOGOS PARA CONSTRUÇÃO DA QUALIDADE SOCIAL

RESUMO O presente artigo estabelece um diálogo entre os processos de avaliação externa de larga escala e de avaliação institucional participativa, a partir da análise de quatro modelos de avaliação à luz de categorias consideradas importantes dentro da lógica emancipatória vista como contraposta à lógica mercadológica. Com isso, propõe-se uma forma de análise dos modelos avaliativos que, longe de ser norteada pelas díades quantitativo/qualitativo, externo/interno, filie-se à lógica emancipatória. Por fim, discute-se a importância de eleger indicadores de qualidade coerentes à epistemologia decolonial, construindo rotas de fuga a uma leitura de qualidade educacional ainda marcada pelo imperialismo cultural e econômico. Trata-se, pois, de um trabalho contra regulatório que subsidiará a reflexão e ação dos profissionais da educação, devidamente articuladas com as forças vivas da escola e expressas num pacto de qualidade negociado, responsavelmente administrado em nome de um futuro comprometido com a justiça social

Protocol's proposal for vestibular rehabilitation in outlying vestibulopatia

INTRODUCTION: Vestibular rehabilitation has been recognized as a treatment of choice for patients with persistent vertigo due to peripheral vestibular dysfunction, providing significant improvements in quality of life. Among the treatments listed have been exercises Cawthorne and Cooksey, sensory integration and body-moving platforms. OBJECTIVE: The research objective was to invent the protocol of exercises in balance with the exercises of Cawthorne and Cooksey associated to the Sensory Integrative. METHOD: It was developed a pilot case, where was evaluated in the patient the balance for the Scale of Balance of Berg and Dynamic Gait Index (DGI); Five Times Sit-to-Stand (FTSTS), that evaluate the activity to sit down and to get up; Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) that evaluate symptoms of vertigo; Scale of Symptoms after Physiotherapeutic Treatment (ESATF), graduates the symptoms after exercises. It was developed a protocol associating 2 techniques, which the ocular exercises, cephalic and of trunk were associated to the swinging. 10 of 20 sessions were accomplished, due to the patient's little regular attendance. RESULTS: Patient obtained improvement from 19 to 22 in DGI; maintained the points of the Berg; she improved from 74 to 67 in DHI. In scale FTSTS she decreased the time from 15 to 14 seconds to accomplish activities of to sit down and to get up. In ESATF it happened oscillate in punctuation. CONCLUSION: After the treatment, the patient obtained an improvement in the appraised balance and improvement of the functional capacity, and she reduced the time spend to accomplish the activity of to sit down and to get up five times of a chair with the crossed arms. Additional studies with the proposed protocol should be accomplished, with a larger number of patients and regular attendance to have a faster adaptation.INTRODUÇÃO: A reabilitação vestibular tem sido reconhecida como tratamento de escolha para pacientes com persistência da vertigem, por causa da disfunção vestibular periférica, proporcionando acentuada melhora na qualidade de vida. Dentre os tratamentos indicados, tem-se os exercícios de Cawthorne e Cooksey, integração sensorial e plataformas com movimentação corpórea. OBJETIVO: O objetivo da pesquisa foi criar um protocolo de exercícios em um balanço, associando os exercícios de Cawthorne e Cooksey à Integração Sensorial. METODOLOGIA: Foi desenvolvido um relato de caso para avaliar uma paciente por meio das seguintes escalas: Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg e Dynamic Gait Índex (DGI) para verificar o equilíbrio; Five Times Sit-to-Stand (FTSTS) para avaliar a atividade de sentar e levantar; Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) para verificar sintomas de vertigem; Escala de Sintomas após Tratamento Fisioterapêutico (ESATF), que gradua a sintomatologia após exercícios. Foi desenvolvido um protocolo associando as duas técnicas, nas quais os exercícios oculares, cefálicos e de tronco eram associados ao balanço. Foram realizadas 10 das 20 sessões previstas, por causa da frequência irregular do paciente às sessões. RESULTADOS: O paciente melhorou de 19 para 22 pontos na DGI, manteve a pontuação na Berg e melhorou de 74 para 67 pontos na DHI. Na escala FTSTS, diminuiu o tempo de 15 para 14 segundos para realizar atividade de sentar e levantar. Na ESATF, houve oscilação da pontuação. CONCLUSÕES: Após o tratamento, a paciente manteve e obteve melhora no equilíbrio e na capacidade funcional e diminuiu o tempo gasto para realizar a atividade de sentar e levantar cinco vezes de uma cadeira com os membros superiores cruzados. Estudos adicionais com o protocolo proposto devem ser realizados, com um número maior de pacientes e maior assiduidade para haver habituação e reabilitação mais precoce.839

Cell-Nanoparticle Interactions at (Sub)-Nanometer Resolution Analyzed by Electron Microscopy and Correlative Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering

A wide variety of nanoparticles are playing an increasingly important role in drug delivery. Label-free imaging techniques are especially desirable to follow the cellular uptake and intracellular fate of nanoparticles. The combined correlative use of different techniques, each with unique advantages, facilitates more detailed investigation about such interactions. The synergistic use of correlative coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering and electron microscopy (C-CARS-EM) imaging offers label-free, chemically-specific, and (sub)-nanometer spatial resolution for studying nanoparticle uptake into cells as demonstrated in the current study. Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy offers chemically-specific (sub)micron spatial resolution imaging without fluorescent labels while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) offers (sub)-nanometer scale spatial resolution and thus visualization of precise nanoparticle localization at the sub-cellular level. This proof-of-concept imaging platform with unlabeled drug nanocrystals and macrophage cells revealed good colocalization between the CARS signal and electron dense nanocrystals in TEM images. The correlative TEM images revealed subcellular localization of nanocrystals inside membrane bound vesicles, showing multivesicular body (MVB)-like morphology typical for late endosomes (LEs), endolysosomes, and phagolysosomes. C-CARS-EM imaging has much potential to study the interactions between a wide range of nanoparticles and cells with high precision and confidence.Peer reviewe

Leaf morphoanatomy in seedlings of Schinus terebinthifolius, under different levels of water saturation

As características morfológicas e anatômicas foliares de espécies vegetais são importantes indicadores de sua ecologia e de seus hábitats. Objetivou-se caracterizar a plasticidade fenotípica de Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi em diferentes condições de saturação hídrica. As mudas foram produzidas em tubetes plásticos, permanecendo em estufa por quatro meses, sendo irrigadas normalmente. Em seguida foram submetidas aos tratamentos: T1- testemunha, T2- alagamento parcial e T3- alagamento total. Após três semanas sob alagamento, foram realizadas descrições anatômicas foliares comparativas e avaliadas as características morfológicas área foliar, área específica foliar, espessura foliar, teor de água e densidade estomática. Durante 10 semanas foram observadas as modificações fenotípicas adaptativas. Foi observado aumento da espessura da base do caule, clorose e abscisão foliar, surgimento de lenticelas e raízes adventícias. Após três semanas de alagamento, não foram verificadas grandes modificações na morfologia das folhas, principalmente para a AF e AEF. Em T3, o teor de água foi maior e a espessura foliar menor. Não houve diferença entre os tratamentos para DE. Quanto aos aspectos anatômicos, observou-se uma redução na espessura do mesofilo e das nervuras, assim como a produção de compostos fenólicos por alguns tipos celulares. Os espaços intercelulares são progressivamente mais amplos nas plantas submetidas ao alagamento.Palavras-chave: Morfometria; alagamento; plasticidade fenotípica; descrição anatômica. AbstractLeaf morphoanatomy in seedlings of Schinus terebinthifolius, under different levels of water saturation. The morphological and anatomical leaf characteristics plant species are important indicators of their ecology and habitat The purpose of this work was to characterize the phenotypic plasticity of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi in different conditions of water saturation. The seedlings were grown in plastic tubets, kept in a greenhouse for four months, and irrigated normally. Then they were treated: T1-control, T2-partial flooding and T3- total flooding. After three weeks under flooding leaf comparative anatomical descriptions were done and the following morphological characteristics were assessed: leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf thickness, water content and stomatal density. Over 10 weeks, were observed the adaptive phenotypic changes. We observed an increase in thickness of the base of the stem, leaf chlorosis and abscission, and the appearance of lenticels and adventitious roots. After three weeks of flooding, there were no major changes in the morphology of the leaves, mainly to AF and AEF. In T3, the water content was higher and leaf thickness. There was no difference between treatments for DE. Concerning the anatomy, we noticed that there was a reduction in the thickness of the mesophyll and vein as well as the production of phenolic compounds by some cell types. The intercellular spaces are progressively larger in plants subjected to flooding. Keywords:Morphometry; flooding; phenotypic plasticity; anatomical description.The morphological and anatomical leaf characteristics plant species are important indicators of their ecology and habitat The purpose of this work was to characterize the phenotypic plasticity of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi in different conditions of water saturation. The seedlings were grown in plastic tubets, kept in a greenhouse for four months, and irrigated normally. Then they were treated: T1-control, T2-partial flooding and T3- total flooding. After three weeks under flooding leaf comparative anatomical descriptions were done and the following morphological characteristics were assessed: leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf thickness, water content and stomatal density. Over 10 weeks, were observed the adaptive phenotypic changes. We observed an increase in thickness of the base of the stem, leaf chlorosis and abscission, and the appearance of lenticels and adventitious roots. After three weeks of flooding, there were no major changes in the morphology of the leaves, mainly to AF and AEF. In T3, the water content was higher and leaf thickness. There was no difference between treatments for DE. Concerning the anatomy, we noticed that there was a reduction in the thickness of the mesophyll and vein as well as the production of phenolic compounds by some cell types. The intercellular spaces are progressively larger in plants subjected to flooding

Quercus suber geographic variation: preliminary results of the Iberian Península provenance trials

Cork oak (Quercus suber L.) has a great social and ecological importance in the Iberian Peninsula. Yet, a large proportion of cork oak stands is old and natural regeneration is often problematic. During the last decade large areas were reforested with this species in the context of the Common Agriculture Policy (CAP) both in Portugal and Spain. Survival rates were often low due to inappropriate nursery and installation techniques, as well as to the use of unsuitable genetic material. In fact, the cork oak adaptability to environmental conditions is poorly understood; moreover climate change scenarios foreseen enhanced water deficits in the Mediterranean region. In order to allocate the most adequate seed sources to each set of climatic conditions in future afforestation activities and considering that an important source of variation in the characteristics related with adaptability may be at the provenance level, we evaluated inter-provenance variability and phenotypic plasticity for growth, survival, morphological structure and drought tolerance five years after plantation, in four test sites located across the Iberian Peninsula and covering a wide range of ecological conditions. Such trials are part of a multi-locality provenance test belonging to a Network that was bring up by Concerted action. European network for the evaluation of genetic resources of cork oak for appropriate use in breeding and gene conservation strategies. where 35 cork oak populations covering all the natural distribution area are represented

Saponinas antifúngicas de Swartzia langsdorffii

Chromatographic fractionation of the EtOH extract from the leaves of Swartzia langsdorffii afforded the pentacyclic triterpenes oleanolic acid and lupeol, and two saponins: oleanolic acid 3-sophoroside and the new ester 3-O-b-D-(6'-methyl)-glucopyranosyl-28-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl-oleanate. Their structures were elucidated from spectral data, including 2D NMR and HRESIMS experiments. Antifungal activity of all isolated compounds was evaluated, using phytopathogens Cladosporium cladosporioides and C. sphaerospermum, and human pathogens Candida albicans, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis and Cryptococcus neoformans

Influenza severe cases in hospitals, between 2014 and 2016 in Portugal

Rede Portuguesa de Laboratórios para o Diagnóstico da GripeBackground: Since 2009, the Portuguese Laboratory Network (PLNID) for Influenza Diagnosis has integrated 15 Laboratories in mainland and Atlantic Islands of Azores and Madeira. This PLNID added an important contribute to the National Influenza Surveillance Program regarding severe and hospitalized influenza cases. The present study aims to describe influenza viruses detected in influenza like illness (ILI) cases: outpatients (Outp), hospitalized (Hosp), and intensive care units (ICU), between 2014 and 2016. Methods: The PLNID performs influenza virus diagnosis by biomolecular methodologies. Weekly reports to the National Influenza Reference Laboratory ILI cases tested for influenza. Reports include data on detecting viruses, hospital assistance, antiviral therapeutics, and information on death outcome. Were reported during two winter seasons 8059 ILI cases,being 3560 cases in 2014/15 (1024 in Outp, 1750 Hosp, and 606 in ICU) and 4499 cases in 2015/2016 (1933 in Outp, 1826 Hosp, and 740 in ICU). Results: The higher percentage of influenza positive cases were detected in Outp in both seasons, 18% during 2014/15 and 20% in 2015/16. In 2014/15,influenza cases were more frequent in individuals older than 65 years old and these required more hospitalizations,even in ICU. In 2015/16,the influenza cases were mainly detected in individuals between 15-64 years old. A higher proportion of influenza positive cases with hospitalization in ICU were observed in adults between 45-64 years old.During the study period,the predominant circulating influenza viruses were different in the two seasons: influenza B and A(H3) co-circulated in 2014/15,and influenza A(H1)pdm09 was predominant during 2015/16. Even when influenza A is notthe dominant virus, A(H3) and A(H1)pdm09 subtypes correlate with higher detection rate in hospitalized cases (Hosp and UCI), with higher frequencies in adults older than 45. Influenza B,detected in higher proportion in outpatients, was frequently relatedwith influenza cases in younger age groups: 0-4 and 5-14 years old. Conclusions: This study highlights the correlation of theinfluenza virus type/subtype that circulates in each season with the possible need for hospitalization and intensive care in special groups of the population. Circulation of influenza A subtypes can cause more frequentdisease in individuals older than 45, with need of hospitalization including intensive care. On the other hand, influenza B is more frequently associated with less severe cases and with infection in children and younger adults. Influenza B circulation might predict lower number of hospitalizations.The identification of influenza type in circulation,byPLNID ineach season, could guide action planning measures in population health care.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio