DFJ Vinhos : wines in China, a promising but difficult market : a case on internationalization process and positioning strategies

The wine consumption in China has grown significantly and the prognosis for the following years seems very promising. In fact, with the increase of the middle class, the consumption habits within this country have started to shift, namely in what regards to the consumption of imported wines, which have achieved a prime position. Hence, China appears to be a market that no wine producer or exporter can afford to ignore. DFJ Vinhos, which has already occasionally exported to China, is a Portuguese wines’ company that aims to reposition itself within the Chinese wine market, turning occasional exportations into an ambitious project. The goal is to place 15% of its capacity in this market within the following two years. The challenge for José Neiva Correia, DFJ Vinhos’ CEO, is to find the correct place for his wines. Bearing this in mind, the cross point is: whether to position itself in a lower end segment, betting on higher turnovers, or risking in a higher end positioning through a well-orchestrated campaign. Furthermore, the company would have to take into consideration the fierce existing competition, the cultural expectations and the lack of visibility of Portugal’s brand image within this demanding market.O consumo de vinho na China tem vindo a crescer de forma muito significativa, sendo a previsão para os próximos anos bastante promissora. Com efeito, com o aumento da classe média, os hábitos de consumo deste país começaram a alterar-se, nomeadamente no que respeita ao consumo de vinhos importados, os quais se encontram numa posição de destaque. Assim, o mercado Chinês aparenta ser um mercado a não ser ignorado por produtores ou exportadores de vinho. A DFJ Vinhos, a qual esporadicamente tem vindo a exportar para a China, é uma empresa de vinhos portuguesa que pretende recolocar-se no mercado de vinhos chinês, tornando exportações esporádicas num projecto ambicioso. O objectivo é vir a colocar 15% da sua capacidade neste mercado dentro dos próximos dois anos. O desafio de José Neiva Correia, CEO da DFJ Vinhos, é o de encontrar o espaço certo para os seus vinhos. Face ao exposto, a questão é: se deverá posicionar-se num segmento de mercado mais baixo, apostando numa maior rotatividade de produto, ou arriscar num posicionamento mais alto através de uma bem orquestrada campanha de comunicação. Além disso, a empresa teria de ter em conta a feroz concorrência existente, as expectativas culturais, e a falta de visibilidade da “marca Portugal” neste exigente mercado

Intimidade e saúde

L'intimité est précédée par des processus actifs, à travers le cycle de vie. Le lien affectif est établi principalement sur la relation entre attachement mère-enfant, et les comportements et styles de liens ont tendance à avoir un impact sur les relations entre adultes. Le but de cette recherche exploratoire vise à déterminer la transcription physique (conséquences sur la santé) des expériences insatisfaisantes de l'intimité. 60 étudiants (30 femmes, 30 hommes) âgés entre 22 et 27 ans, impliqué dans un jeu de relation amoureuse (durée minimale: 6 mois) ont été contactés pour répondre à une batterie d'instruments (variables d'intérêt: l'intimité, l'identité, concept de soi et des liens). Une bonne santé semble être associée à des valeurs élevées de l'interdépendance et de faibles niveaux de dépendance dans la relation. Dans ces jeunes l'intimité fondée sur la dépendance commis 14% de la santé mentale. L'impact d'une intimité malsaine limitées de près de 9% la santé physique des jeunes adultes en bonne santé.Intimacy is preceded by active processes across the life cycle. The emotional bond is established primarily on the attachment relationship of mother-infant, whose behavioral patterns and linking styles tend to be reflected on adult relationships. The purpose of this exploratory research aims to determine the physical transcription (health consequences) of unsatisfactory experiences of intimacy. 60 university students (30 female, 30 male) aged between 22 and 27 years, involved in a love relationship set (minimum duration: 6 months) were contacted to answer a battery of instruments (variables of interest: intimacy, identity, self-concept and linking). A good health seems to be associated with high values of interdependence and low levels of dependency in the relationship. In these young students intimacy based on dependence commits 14% of mental health. The impact of an unhealthy intimacy limits by nearly 9% physical health of young healthy adults.La intimidad es precedida por los procesos activos, a través del ciclo de vida. El vínculo afectivo se establece principalmente en la relación de apego madre-hijo, y patrones de comportamiento y estilos de los vínculos tienden a repercutir en las relaciones adultas. El propósito de esta investigación exploratoria es determinar la transcripción física (consecuencias para la salud) de la intimidad de experiencias insatisfactorias. Sesenta universitarios (30 mujeres, 30 varones) de edades comprendidas entre 22 y 27 años, que participan en una relación de amor (duración mínima: 6 meses) fueron contactados para responder a una batería de instrumentos (variables de interés: la intimidad, la identidad, el autoconcepto y la vinculación). Un buen estado de salud parece estar asociado con altos valores de interdependencia y bajos niveles de dependencia en la relación. En estos jóvenes la intimidad basada en la dependencia compromete 14% de la salud mental. El impacto de una intimidad insalubre limita casi 9% de la salud física de los adultos jóvenes sanos.A intimidade é antecedida de processos ativos, transversais ao ciclo de vida. O vínculo afetivo estabelece-se primariamente na relação de vinculação mãe-bebê, e os padrões comportamentais e estilos de vinculação tendem a repercutir-se nas relações adultas. O objetivo exploratório desta investigação pretende apurar a transcrição física (consequências na saúde) de vivências insatisfatórias de intimidade. Sessenta universitários (30 do sexo feminino; 30 do sexo masculino), com idades entre 22 e 27 anos, envolvidos numa relação amorosa fixa (duração mínima: 6 meses) foram contactados para responder a uma bateria de instrumentos (variáveis de interesse: intimidade, identidade, autoconceito e vinculação). Um bom estado de saúde parece associar-se a valores elevados de interdependência e baixos valores de dependência na relação amorosa. Nestes jovens a intimidade baseada na dependência compromete 14% da saúde mental. O impacto de uma intimidade pouco saudável limita em quase 9% a saúde física de jovens adultos saudáveis

Social vulnerability on maternal health in immigrants. A problem of interculturality

The scientific literature indicates how often migrants tend to be the most vulnerable population groups, especially women of childbearing age, that regularly show greater foetal and neonatal mortality, and more complications during pregnancy and postpartum.The study followed a qualitative methodology for collecting and analysing data and was conducted in Porto. Participants were 25 recent immigrant mothers from Eastern European countries, Brazil, Portuguese-speaking African countries and six native Portuguese recent mothers (for comparison), contacted through social associations and institutions. Data suggests that healthcare depends not only on accessibility but especially on social opportunities and intercultural integration in the host countr

Caregiving in severe mental illness: the psychometric properties of the Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire in Portugal

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Despite the achievements of previous research, caregiving assessments in severe mental illness should be crossculturally validated in order to define risk groups or to evaluate family work. This study reports on the psychometric properties of the European version of the Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire (IEQ-EU) in Portugal.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A Portuguese translation of the IEQ-EU was developed according to the 'European Psychiatric Services: Inputs Linked to Outcome Domains and Needs' (EPSILON) group guidelines. We then studied 194 caregivers who were related to patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders in psychiatric outpatient services. All relatives were assessed using the IEQ-EU. In order to describe the corresponding patients' sample, the majority (n = 162) was evaluated with the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHO-DAS II); 108 patients were also assessed with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The factor structure of the Portuguese version of the questionnaire was similar to the original; internal consistency was good, with Cronbach's α ranging from 0.71 to 0.87 in the IEQ-EU scales (total score and domains: tension, supervision, worrying, urging); test-retest reliability yielded intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) from 0.80 to 0.94, concerning the same scores. Ecological validity was confirmed. Most caregiving consequences were reported on the worrying domain of the IEQ-EU.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Validity and reliability of the Portuguese IEQ-EU translation were established. Specifically the four IEQ-EU subscale domains seem to be valid in Portugal.</p

Implementação em Portugal de um estudo de prevalência da demência e da depressão geriátrica: a metodologia do 10/66 Dementia Research Group

ResumoIntroduçãoA demência e a depressão têm um impacto social muito significativo. Em Portugal, escasseiam dados epidemiológicos em pessoas idosas na comunidade. Em países em desenvolvimento, o 10/66 Dementia Research Group (DRG) conduziu múltiplos estudos sobre a prevalência e a incidência destes quadros. Os protocolos de avaliação 10/66‐DRG foram validados extensivamente nesses países, havendo vantagens potenciais na aplicação em regiões europeias com populações idosas de baixa escolaridade. Neste estudo, fundamentamos e descrevemos a implementação em Portugal da metodologia 10/66‐DRG para estudo da prevalência da demência e da depressão geriátrica.Materiais e métodosO trabalho de campo desenrola‐se numa fase única, em áreas geográficas definidas, sendo avaliados detalhadamente e de forma sistemática todos os residentes de 65 anos ou mais. A informação é recolhida dos participantes e de informadores próximos (www.alz.co.uk/1066/).ResultadosSelecionámos e mapeámos uma área urbana (em Fernão Ferro) e outra rural (em Mora), definindo amostras finais de 702 e 779 pessoas, respetivamente. Os instrumentos de avaliação foram cuidadosamente traduzidos e adaptados ao contexto português. Teve lugar um treino rigoroso dos entrevistadores, assegurando a fiabilidade de cotação interobservadores.Discussão e conclusãoA aplicação dos protocolos 10/66‐DRG permitirá obter dados robustos de prevalência de demência e de depressão, com amostras comunitárias de pessoas idosas em Portugal. Dada a validade internacional da metodologia utilizada, estes resultados serão comparáveis com os de outros centros 10/66, à escala mundial.AbstractIntroductionDementia and depression have a huge social impact. In Portugal, epidemiological data is scarce regarding community dwelling elderly people with these conditions. In developing countries, the 10/66 Dementia Research Group‐DRG has conducted multiple studies on the corresponding prevalence and incidence. The 10/66‐DRG protocols for population‐based studies were extensively validated in those countries, and there is a rationale to apply them in low literacy elderly populations in Europe. We describe the implementation of the protocols related to the prevalence study (on dementia and geriatric depression) in Portuguese settings.Materials and methodsThis is a one‐phase survey, in which all people 65+ years living in defined catchment areas are comprehensively evaluated. Information is collected directly from participants and from a related informant (www.alz.co.uk/1066/).ResultsWe selected and mapped an urban area (in Fernão Ferro) and a rural one (in Mora). The final samples were n=702 and n=779 respectively. Questionnaires were carefully translated and culturally adapted. Rigorous training procedures took place to ensure inter‐rater reliability.Discussion and conclusionsThe implementation of the 10/66‐DRG protocols will lead to robust data on the prevalence of dementia and depression in community samples of elderly people in Portugal. Given the international validity of our methodology, these results will be comparable with those from other 10/66 centres around the world

Prediction of depression in European general practice attendees: the PREDICT study

Background Prevention of depression must address multiple risk factors. Estimating overall risk across a range of putative risk factors is fundamental to prevention of depression. However, we lack reliable and valid methods of risk estimation. This protocol paper introduces PREDICT, an international research study to address this risk estimation. Methods/design This is a prospective study in which consecutive general practice attendees in six European countries are recruited and followed up after six and 12 months. Prevalence of depression is assessed at baseline and each follow-up point. Consecutive attendees between April 2003 and September 2004 who were aged 18 to 75 were asked to take part. The possibility of a depressive episode was assessed using the Depression Section of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. A selection of presumed risk factors was based on our previous work and a systematic review of the literature. It was necessary to evaluate the test-retest reliability of a number of risk factor questions that were developed specifically, or adapted, for the PREDICT study. In a separate reliability study conducted between January and November 2003, consecutive general practice attendees in the six participating European countries completed the risk factor items on two occasions, two weeks apart. The overall response rate at entry to the study was 69%. We exceeded our expected recruitment rate, achieving a total of 10,048 people in all. Reliability coefficients were generally good to excellent. Discussion Response rate to follow-up in all countries was uniformly high, which suggests that prediction will be based on almost a full cohort. The results of our reliability analysis are encouraging and suggest that data collected during the course of PREDICT will have a satisfactory level of stability. The development of a multi-factor risk score for depression will lay the foundation for future research on risk reduction in primary care. Our data will also provide the necessary evidence base on which to develop and evaluate interventions to reduce the prevalence of depression

Prolonged mechanical ventilation patient outcome after discharge from an intensive care unit

Background: Mechanical ventilation (MV) is one of the pillars of therapy in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) as many patients require ventilatory support. This study aimed to analyze the outcome of Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation (PMV) patients after discharge from an Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of 142 medical charts of patients admitted to an ICU and a Special Care Unit (SCU) in Brazil from 2012 to 2014. Results: Participants’ mean age was 66.5 and the majority were men (58.5%). Outcome in the ICU was correlated with laparotomies before (p=0.043) and after (p=0.049) admission, sepsis (p=0.013), dialysis-requiring acute kidney injury (AKI) (p<0.001), and hemodynamic instability (p=0.003). Dialysis requiring AKI (p=0.012), non-dialysis-requiring AKI (p=0.023) and atelectasis (p=0.045) during ICU stay were correlated with death in SCU patients. Only hemodynamic instability (p=0.002) and diarrhea (p=0.045) were correlated with outcome in the SCU. Additionally, 91 (64.1%) PMV patients in the ICU were discharged to the SCU, 50 (35.2%) died, and one (0.7%) was transferred to another hospital. Furthermore, 15 (16.5%) SCU patients were discharged to the Home Care Program and one (1.1%) was transferred to another hospital. Conclusions: PMV patients exhibited longer hospital stay and higher mortality. Dialysis-requiring AKI and hemodynamic instability were associated with increased risk of death. Only a few PMV patients were successfully discharged or referred to Home Care.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Prevalence and acceptability of psychological and/or economic intimate partner violence, and utilization of mental health services by its survivors in Lithuania

Background Lithuania has one of the highest averages in the European Union when it comes to psychological and/or economic intimate partner violence (PE-IPV). IPV survivors are several times more likely to have mental health conditions than those without IPV experiences. The aim of this article is to study the prevalence, characteristics and attitudes of PE-IPV survivors in Lithuania, and the predictors of them accessing mental health services. Methods A cross-sectional study based on a national survey representative of the adult population. The survey was implemented by a third-party independent market research company employing an online survey panel. Logistic regression models were used in the analysis. Results Almost 50% of women in Lithuania experience PE-IPV. Females are significantly more likely to experience it than males. The vast majority of women find PE-IPV unacceptable; however, only one-third of survivors seek any type of help. Only one-tenth approach mental health services, with divorcees being at higher odds of doing so. Conclusions Further research is needed to explore predictors and contextual factors of why IPV survivors seek mental healthcare, or not. Policy implications include the need to eliminate IPV and mental health stigma; develop accessible mental health services and effective treatment approaches

Implementing a prevalence study of dementia and geriatric depression in Portugal: the 10-66 Dementia Research Group methodology

RESUMO - Introdução: A demência e a depressão têm um impacto social muito significativo. Em Portugal, escasseiam dados epidemiológicos em pessoas idosas na comunidade. Em países em desenvolvimento, o 10/66 Dementia Research Group (DRG) conduziu múltiplos estudos sobre a prevalência e a incidência destes quadros. Os protocolos de avaliação 10/66-DRG foram validados extensivamente nesses países, havendo vantagens potenciais na aplicação em regiões europeias com populações idosas de baixa escolaridade. Neste estudo, fundamentamos e descrevemos a implementação em Portugal da metodologia 10/66-DRG para estudo da prevalência da demência e da depressão geriátrica. Materiais e métodos: O trabalho de campo desenrola-se numa fase única, em áreas geográficas definidas, sendo avaliados detalhadamente e de forma sistemática todos os residentes de 65 anos ou mais. A informação é recolhida dos participantes e de informadores próximos (www.alz.co.uk/1066/). Resultados: Selecionámos e mapeámos uma área urbana (em Fernão Ferro) e outra rural (em Mora), definindo amostras finais de 702 e 779 pessoas, respetivamente. Os instrumentos de avaliação foram cuidadosamente traduzidos e adaptados ao contexto português. Teve lugar um treino rigoroso dos entrevistadores, assegurando a fiabilidade de cotação interobservadores. Discussão e conclusão: A aplicação dos protocolos 10/66-DRG permitirá obter dados robustos de prevalência de demência e de depressão, com amostras comunitárias de pessoas idosas em Portugal. Dada a validade internacional da metodologia utilizada, estes resultados serão comparáveis com os de outros centros 10/66, à escala mundial.ABSTRACT - Introduction: Dementia and depression have a huge social impact. In Portugal, epidemiological data is scarce regarding community dwelling elderly people with these conditions. In developing countries, the 10/66 Dementia Research Group-DRG has conducted multiple studies on the corresponding prevalence and incidence. The 10/66-DRG protocols for population- -based studies were extensively validated in those countries, and there is a rationale to apply them in low literacy elderly populations in Europe. We describe the implementation of the protocols related to the prevalence study (on dementia and geriatric depression) in Portuguese settings. Materials and methods: This is a one-phase survey, in which all people 65+ years living in defined catchment areas are comprehensively evaluated. Information is collected directly from participants and from a related informant (www.alz.co.uk/1066/). Results: We selected and mapped an urban area (in Fernão Ferro) and a rural one (in Mora). The final samples were n = 702 and n = 779 respectively. Questionnaires were carefully translated and culturally adapted. Rigorous training procedures took place to ensure inter-rater reliability. Discussion and conclusions: The implementation of the 10/66-DRG protocols will lead to robust data on the prevalence of dementia and depression in community samples of elderly people in Portugal. Given the international validity of our methodology, these results will be comparable with those from other 10/66 centres around the world.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio