Evaluation of ergonomic factors and postures that cause muscle pains in dentistry students’ bodies

Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders commonly experienced by dental professionals are one of the main occupational health problem affecting their health and well-being.This study was conducted to evaluate ergonomic factors and profession-related postures and also investigate relationship between demographic factors and work condition with pain in dental students. Material and Methods: 60 freshman and sophomore dentistry students were randomly chosen as the subjects of control group, and 60 of 5th and 6th-year students were selected as the members of exposure group. Data related to the subjects such as sex, doing exercise, severity of musculoskeletal pain were obtained through questionnaire. Students’ postures were directly observed while treating patients and they were scored by REBA method. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using Man-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman and Kendall correlation tests. Results: 80.8% of the subjects were not aware of the correct ergonomic postures for dental procedures. Severity of musculoskeletal pain in the exposure group (15.9± 4.2) was significantly higher than the control group (10.5 ±3.2), ( p <0.001). Risk of the most subjects (84%) was at the medium level. Students who were more involved in clinical activities experienced more muscular pains. Conclusions: The musculoskeletal disorders are probable prolonged in working hours in static positions, incorrect work postures, implying more force and even tools and instruments. Therefore, students who are aware of ergonomic principals of their own profession would be able to maintain their health through activities and lifelon

Comparative antibacterial effects of essential oils of Melissa officinalis and Deracocephalum moldavica L. against some pathogenic bacteria in food in vitro

زمینه و هدف: استفاده از نگهدارنده&zwnj;های شیمیایی و مضرات آنها، سبب شده که تولید کنندگان مواد غذایی اخیرا گرایش به استفاده از نگهدارنده&zwnj;های طبیعی در مواد غذایی پیدا کنند. اسانس&zwnj;های گیاهی که همان روغن&zwnj;های فرار (volatile oils) می باشند، روغن&zwnj;های مایع و معطر گیاهان اند. گیاهان معطر حاوی اسانس هایی با خواص ضد میکروبی هستند. در این مطالعه اثرات ضدباکتریایی اسانس&zwnj;های بادرنجبویه (Melissa officinalis) و بادرشبو (Dracocephalum moldavica) علیه 4 باکتری بیماریزای مواد غذایی در شرایط آزمایشگاهی بررسی شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی پس از تهیه باکتری های مورد بررسی، با روش انتشار بر روی دیسک قطر هاله ممانعت از رشد و با روش میکرودایلوشن حداقل غلظت ممانعت از رشد و حداقل غلظت کشندگی برای هر دو اسانس بادرنجبویه و بادرشبو تعیین شد و جهت مقایسه نتایج از نرم افزار SPSS با آزمون T test استفاده گردید و سطح اختلاف معنی دار کمتر از 0/05 انتخاب شد(P&lt; 0/05). یافته ها: نتایج این مطالعه بیانگر تاثیر ضد میکروبی قوی دو اسانس فوق روی این باکتری ها بود. باکتری استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس با حداقل غلظت ممانعت کنندگی mg/mL 1/2 (برای هر دو اسانس) حساس&zwnj;ترین باکتری در مقابل اسانس&zwnj;های بادرنجبویه و بادرشبو بود. در این میان اسانس بادرنجبویه اثرات ضد باکتریایی قوی&zwnj;تری علیه باکتری&zwnj;های مورد آزمایش در مقایسه با اسانس بادرشبو داشت. نتیجه گیری: نتایج حاصل بیانگر توان مهارکنندگی و ضد باکتریایی اسانس های بادرنجبویه و بادرشبو علیه این میکروارگانیسم های بیماریزا می باشد که می تواند بعنوان یک ماده ضد میکروبی گیاهی، جایگزینی مناسب برای ترکیبات شیمیایی ضد باکتری باشد و در صنایع غذایی و داروسازی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد

Patient with cryptogenic cirrhosis

Cryptogenic cirrhosis is cirrhosis of uncertain etiology, with no definitive clinical and histological criteria for a specific disease. More than half of such patients are women, the average age is about 60, and patients generally have only mild liver enzyme abnormalities. Cryptogenic cirrhosis\u27s pathophysiology is unknown; therefore, further research is required to elucidate the underlying etiology. The problem of liver cirrhosis is extremely important since this pathology occurs mainly in young and healthy people. In patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis, aminotransferase (AST and ALT) levels are usually only mildly elevated or normal. In our case report, a 41-year-old male patient was approved to the emergency department due to migraine pain. Liver enzymes were high in the blood analysis taken from the patient. As a result of the liver ultrasound carried out on the patient, it was reported to have decreased liver size and irregular boundaries and compatible with chronic liver disease. The patient used various analgesics due to migraine in his 20s. However, no cause could be identified for the patient\u27s liver failure

Mucormycosis And Hemophagocytosis Syndrome in A Patient Following Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a malignant disease that affects the bone marrow and may affect red blood cells, white blood cells(myeloblasts), and platelets. Some cases of disease may be asymptomatic and can be diagnosed from random blood tests. AML mostly affects cells that are not fully developed, causing these cells to fail to perform their normal functions. If this disease is left untreated, it gets worse quickly and can be fatal. Genetic factors may cause the development of AML, but the exact cause is not known. There are environmental factors in AML etıology (eg, chemicals, radiation, tobacco, chemotherapy), in some patients, AML may occur due to  clonal hematopoiesis manifest as a myelodysplastic syndrome, myeloproliferative neoplasms, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, aplastic anemia and more. Here we present a case report of 59 years old male patient presenting to the clinic with malaise and referred to haematology department due to pancytopenia. However, further investigations confirmed AML

Deberes educativos, de desarrollo y educativos en la taxonomía de los objetivos de formación

Every person has ability of creative thinking. However, not every person can be called a creative person. Creative people are those who are smart and possess the ability to grasp realities and reactions to these realities. At the same time, people who achieve extraordinary inventions or realize creative acts can also be referred to as creative people. The creative way of thinking is the type of thinking resulting from inventing new things or improving other actions. The creative way of thinking is used to generate a large number of ideas. The main characteristic of the creative way of thinking as an intellectual system is the ability to analyze any problem, establish systematic relations, reveal contrasts, find out ideal solutions for these contrasts, and forecast possible versions for the development. The research carried out once more proved that the creative way of thinking is important for life. From this reason, the society that wants to achieve great successes and implement creative potential must try to make students improve their creative ways of thinking.Toda persona tiene capacidad de pensamiento creativo. Sin embargo, no todas las personas pueden llamarse personas creativas. Las personas creativas son aquellas que son inteligentes y poseen la capacidad de comprender las realidades y las reacciones a estas realidades.Al mismo tiempo, las personas que logran inventos extraordinarios o realizan actos creativos también pueden denominarse personas creativas. La forma creativa de pensar es el tipo de pensamiento resultante de inventar cosas nuevas o mejorar otras acciones.La forma creativa de pensar se utiliza para generar una gran cantidad de ideas. La característica principal de la forma creativa de pensar como sistema intelectual es la capacidad de analizar cualquier problema, establecer relaciones sistemáticas, revelarcontrastes, encontrar soluciones ideales para estos contrastes y pronosticar posibles versiones para el desarrollo. La investigación llevada a cabo una vez más demostró que la forma creativa de pensar es importante para la vida. Por esta razón, la sociedad que quiere lograr grandes éxitos e implementar el potencial creativo debe tratar de hacer que los estudiantes mejoren sus formas creativas de pensar

On the Role of Intonation in Defining the Boundary of Words in English and Azerbaijani Utterances

The article deals with segmental and suprasegmental boundary tools. As is known, the boundary signals of meaningful units come at the beginning or end of the word. The place of stress in the compared languages differs from each other, and this distinction is manifested in boundary signals.In the live speech, the time spent on the pronunciation of each syllable varies quite a bit, but the time interval spent on the pronunciation of a whole rhythmic group remains unchanged. Occurring, repeatedly stressed syllables in English at a specific time interval are considered a characteristic feature of the rhythm of this language. In other words, in the communication process, rhythmic division in this language is perceived based on temporal-dynamic contrasts between stressed and unstressed syllables. In the communication process, rhythmic division in this language is perceived based on temporal-dynamic contrasts between stressed and unstressed syllables.Research shows that in the Azerbaijani language, there is one primary stress in the attributive word combinations, which falls on the first component of the word combinations. In this case, the stress in those combinations has a unifying character and forms a rhythmic group. Since English belongs to the group of analytic languages, words in this language undergo very little change within the text. Thus, intra-textual syntactic relations are realized in English, not using suffixes but prepositions