5 research outputs found
On relation of two processes with independent increments applied in queueing systems
In the paper, by using two processes ξt and η (t), t ≥ 0 with independent increments, one of which is without negative overshoots and the second one is homogeneous in time, we study a homogeneous Markov process ξt, t ≥ 0, and we find the Laplace transform of the generating function of transitional probabilities of the process ξt, t ≥ 0.Publisher's Versio
On the distribution of the maximum of sums of a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables
The authors find in terms of generating functions the distribution of the maximum of sums of independent and identically distributed random variables with no negative jumps different from −1.Publisher's Versio
On controlled poisson processes
We consider a special class of two-dimensional Markov processes, finding the relationship between transition probabilities of two such classes.Publisher's Versio
European Society of Cardiology: Cardiovascular Disease Statistics 2019
Aims The 2019 report from the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Atlas provides a contemporary analysis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) statistics across 56 member countries, with particular emphasis on international inequalities in disease burden and healthcare delivery together with estimates of progress towards meeting 2025 World Health Organization (WHO) non-communicable disease targets. Methods and results In this report, contemporary CVD statistics are presented for member countries of the ESC. The statistics are drawn from the ESC Atlas which is a repository of CVD data from a variety of sources including the WHO, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, and the World Bank. The Atlas also includes novel ESC sponsored data on human and capital infrastructure and cardiovascular healthcare delivery obtained by annual survey of the national societies of ESC member countries. Across ESC member countries, the prevalence of obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) and diabetes has increased two- to three-fold during the last 30 years making the WHO 2025 target to halt rises in these risk factors unlikely to be achieved. More encouraging have been variable declines in hypertension, smoking, and alcohol consumption but on current trends only the reduction in smoking from 28% to 21% during the last 20 years appears sufficient for the WHO target to be achieved. The median age-standardized prevalence of major risk factors was higher in middle-income compared with high-income ESC member countries for hypertension {23.8% [interquartile range (IQR) 22.5–23.1%] vs. 15.7% (IQR 14.5–21.1%)}, diabetes [7.7% (IQR 7.1–10.1%) vs. 5.6% (IQR 4.8–7.0%)], and among males smoking [43.8% (IQR 37.4–48.0%) vs. 26.0% (IQR 20.9–31.7%)] although among females smoking was less common in middle-income countries [8.7% (IQR 3.0–10.8) vs. 16.7% (IQR 13.9–19.7%)]. There were associated inequalities in disease burden with disability-adjusted life years per 100 000 people due to CVD over three times as high in middle-income [7160 (IQR 5655–8115)] compared with high-income [2235 (IQR 1896–3602)] countries. Cardiovascular disease mortality was also higher in middle-income countries where it accounted for a greater proportion of potential years of life lost compared with high-income countries in both females (43% vs. 28%) and males (39% vs. 28%). Despite the inequalities in disease burden across ESC member countries, survey data from the National Cardiac Societies of the ESC showed that middle-income member countries remain severely under-resourced compared with high-income countries in terms of cardiological person-power and technological infrastructure. Under-resourcing in middle-income countries is associated with a severe procedural deficit compared with high-income countries in terms of coronary intervention, device implantation and cardiac surgical procedures. Conclusion A seemingly inexorable rise in the prevalence of obesity and diabetes currently provides the greatest challenge to achieving further reductions in CVD burden across ESC member countries. Additional challenges are provided by inequalities in disease burden that now require intensification of policy initiatives in order to reduce population risk and prioritize cardiovascular healthcare delivery, particularly in the middle-income countries of the ESC where need is greatest
On a distribution of the process describing a service system with unreliable devices
In the paper, the distribution is found for the process {ηt, ξt}, t ≥ 0, in the terms of Laplace transformation. The considered process describes the queuing system with nonhomogeneous Poisson stream of demands and n unreliable devices. It is essential that the process {ηt, ξt}, t ≥ 0, for ξt ≥ n is a homogeneous with respect to the second component Markov process. The results obtained in the paper are based on the theory of matrices and solution of the system of linear integral equations.Publisher's Versio