Dynamic behavior of NATM tunnel under harmonic loading

In modern societies, underground structures like subways, water transport and urban tunnels are using widely due to the rapid population growth and limitations of above ground spaces. Although these structures especially urban tunnels have been reported to experience less damages in comparison with above-ground structures during earthquakes, their damages have direct effects on human lives. In this study, 2D plane strain simulation of a NATM tunnel subjected to harmonic loading is employed to investigate the dynamic effects of the presence of tunnel on the ground responses and on the drift values of a tunnel section using advanced hardening soil constitutive model. The surface settlement, acceleration and drift in both tunnel section and free field are presented as time histories for different PGA and results have been discussed

Characteristics of the Ahmadabad hematite/barite deposit, Iran – studies of mineralogy, geochemistry and fluid inclusions

The Ahmadabad hematite/barite deposit is located to the northeast of the city of Semnan, Iran. Geostructurally, this deposit lies between the Alborz and the Central Iran zones in the Semnan Subzone. Hematite-barite mineralisation occurs in the form of a vein along a local fault within Eocene volcanic host rocks. The Ahmadabad deposit has a simple mineralogy, of which hematite and barite are the main constituents, followed by pyrite and Fe-oxyhydroxides such as limonite and goethite. Based on textural relationships between the above-mentioned principal minerals, it could be deduced that there are three hydrothermal mineralisation stages in which pyrite, hematite and barite with primary open space filling textures formed under different hydrothermal conditions. Subsequently, in the supergene stage, goethite and limonite minerals with secondary replacement textures formed under oxidation surficial conditions. Mi- crothermometric studies on barite samples show that homogenisation temperatures (T H ) for primary fluid inclusions range from 142 to 256°C with a temperature peak between 200 and 220°C. Salinities vary from 3.62 to 16.70 NaCl wt% with two different peaks, including one of 6 to 8 NaCl wt% and another of 12 to 14 NaCl wt%. This indicates that two different hydrothermal waters, including basinal and sea waters, could have been involved in barite mineralisation. The geochemistry of the major and trace elements in the samples studied indicate a hydrothermal origin for hematite and barite mineralisation. Moreover, the Fe/Mn ratio (>10) and plots of hematite samples of Ahmadabad ores on Al-Fe-Mn, Fe-Mn-(Ni+Co+ Cu)×10, Fe-Mn-SiX 2 and MnO/TiO 2 – Fe 2 O 3 /TiO 2 diagrams indicate that hematite mineralisation in the Ahmadabad deposit occurred under hydrothermal conditions. Furthermore, Ba and Sr enrichment, along with Pb, Zn, Hg, Cu and Sb depletion, in the barite samples of Ahmadabad ores are indicative of a low temperature hydrothermal origin for the deposit. A comparison of the ratios of La N /Yb N , Ce N /Yb N , Tb N /La N , Sm N /Nd N and parameters of Ce/Ce* and La/La* anomalies of the hematite, barite, host volcanic rocks and quartz latite samples to each other elucidate two important points: 1) the barite could have originated from volcanic host rocks, 2) the hematite could have originated from a quartz latite lithological unit. The chondrite normalised REE patterns of samples of hematite barite, volcanic host rocks and quartz latite imply that two different hydrothermal fluids could be proposed for hematite and barite miner- alisation. The comparison between chondrite normalised REE patterns of Ahmadabad barite with oceanic origin barite and low temperature hydrothermal barite shows close similarities to the low temperature hydrothermal barite deposits

Evaluation of depression and anxiety in patients with thalassemia: a comparative study

Background: More studies in the field of thalassemia patients focus on medical treatment and less attention to the psychosocial problems aspect. Objective: The aim of this study was evaluation of depression and anxiety in these patients in Qazvin province. Methods: This case-control study has been conducted in Qods Hospital of Qazvin (2016). The study population included thalassemia major patients and control group were participating in this study (n=147 in each group). All subjects completed the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). In addition to clinical history, socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of patients collected and analyzed using proper statistical methods independent t-test, chi-square test. Findings: Borderline abnormal (borderline case) and abnormal states of anxiety were reported 27.2% and 42.2% in case group compared with 22.4% and 6.8% in the control group (P<0.001). In addition, borderline and abnormal states of depression were significantly different in the case group than the control group (respectively 20.4% and 59.2% vs 24.5% and 12.9%, P<0.001). Among patients with thalassemia, depression and anxiety scores significantly were associated with noncompliance and iron chelation, marital status (single) and socioeconomic state (P<0.001). In addition, Moreover, in terms of depression individuals with diabetes, headaches and skin disorders significantly were higher scores of depression and in terms of anxiety individuals with low back pain, headaches and skin disorders were higher scores. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with thalassemia is considerable and related to socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, so it is essential that psychiatric consultation systems created in thalassemia clinics of Qazvin province

The Position of Transaction Cause in the Iranian Law

In the Iranian law, commitment cause has not been mentioned as one of the main conditions of contract and instead it has referred to "transaction cause" in Article 190 of Civil Law and has regarded legitimacy of transaction cause as among main conditions of contract accuracy. This paper is aimed at studying commitment cause in bilateral contracts that justifies commitments correlation principle, and in the unilateral or consent contracts. Finally by focusing on "legitimacy of transaction cause", it explains different states and suggests a logical path with a legal approach for the conflict of will sovereignty and contracts' stability principles with the legitimacy of the transaction cause

The Position of Transaction Cause in the Iranian Law

In the Iranian law, commitment cause has not been mentioned as one of the main conditions of contract and instead it has referred to "transaction cause" in Article 190 of Civil Law and has regarded legitimacy of transaction cause as among main conditions of contract accuracy. This paper is aimed at studying commitment cause in bilateral contracts that justifies commitments correlation principle, and in the unilateral or consent contracts. Finally by focusing on "legitimacy of transaction cause", it explains different states and suggests a logical path with a legal approach for the conflict of will sovereignty and contracts' stability principles with the legitimacy of the transaction cause

The relationship between hardiness and burnout among the teachers of the universities and higher educational institutes - case study

Burnout is the physical, mental and emotional collapse combined with the negative attitudes toward the job and lack of attention to the clients. The most significant signs of burnout include absence from work, successive delays and various psychosomatic complaints and conflict in the workplace. Hardiness is a personal characteristic adjusting the way to cope with the stressful situations. This study examines the relationship between burnout and hardiness of the teachers of a higher education institute. In doing so, there are three factors including emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and lack of personal accomplishment which measure the burnout. Additionally, hardiness has three components of commitment, control and challenge. This survey aims at determining the relationship between the elements through correlation coefficient. The population is composed of all teachers of a higher education institute. The participants were 120 teachers. Given the unknown variance of the population, the variance ratio was equal to p (p-1) to specify the sample. The value of p was equal to q. The error (d) was equal to 0.05 and the sample size composed of 53 persons. After sampling and analyzing the results by the correlation coefficient, it was found that any of the burnout components werecorrelated with the three elements of hardiness

The relationship between hardiness and burnout among the teachers of the universities and higher educational institutes - case study

Burnout is the physical, mental and emotional collapse combined with the negative attitudes toward the job and lack of attention to the clients. The most significant signs of burnout include absence from work, successive delays and various psychosomatic complaints and conflict in the workplace. Hardiness is a personal characteristic adjusting the way to cope with the stressful situations. This study examines the relationship between burnout and hardiness of the teachers of a higher education institute. In doing so, there are three factors including emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and lack of personal accomplishment which measure the burnout. Additionally, hardiness has three components of commitment, control and challenge. This survey aims at determining the relationship between the elements through correlation coefficient. The population is composed of all teachers of a higher education institute. The participants were 120 teachers. Given the unknown variance of the population, the variance ratio was equal to p (p-1) to specify the sample. The value of p was equal to q. The error (d) was equal to 0.05 and the sample size composed of 53 persons. After sampling and analyzing the results by the correlation coefficient, it was found that any of the burnout components werecorrelated with the three elements of hardiness

EyeMirDB: a Web-Based Platform of Experimentally Supported Eye Disease-miRNA Information

Background:&nbsp; Studies of microRNA biology have increased in numerous scientific research domains, including eye science. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that operate as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression by destroying or blocking the translation of target messenger RNA.&nbsp; &nbsp;Despite significant efforts to investigate the miRNA of eye disease, a complete platform of frequent ocular disease with genes, pathways, and miRNA is still unavailable. Material and Methods: Three well-known databases were used as the main data source: DisGeNET, OMIM, and KEGG. The curated genes involved in each disease were manually collected. Then, the annotation information like gene’s sequence, description, chromosome’s number, start and end loci were extracted from the Ensembl data source. Gene’s pathway information was earned from KEGG and Reactome. Finally, experimentally validated gene’s related miRNA has been collected from miRecords, miRTarBase, and TarBase. In order to consider miRNAs expression in ocular tissues. Results: we present EyeMirDB (http://eyemirdb.databanks.behrc.ir/), a web-based platform of consisting of all predicted and validated miRNAs. Information on the annotation of miRNA-related genes was also collected in order to better understand the effects of miRNA. Pathways by which these genes are active were also identified. Right now, EyeMirDB contains 429 curated genes, 1258 pathways, and 2596 validated miRNAs of 25 prevalent ocular diseases. Conclusion: We introduce EyeMirDB, a web-based platform of Eye diseases-related interactions including disease-gene, gene-miRNA, gene-pathway curated information, and annotations, with the optionality of studying all these entities from different viewpoints. This data portal is a good entry point for ocular disease researchers

(1, T) policy for a Two-echelon Inventory System with Perishable-on-the-Shelf Items

This paper deals with an i * Corresponding author Email address:   nventory system with one central warehouse and a number of identical retailers. We consider perishable-on-the-shelf items; that is, all items have a fixed shelf life and start to age on their arrival at the retailers. Each retailer faces Poisson demand and employs (1, T) inventory policy. Although demand not met at a retailer is lost, the unsatisfied demand at the central warehouse is backordered. In this study, the long-run system total cost rate is derived. Moreover, a proposition is proved to define a domain for the optimal solution. Also, a search algorithm is presented to obtain this solution. Further, we extend the existent paper of the well-known (S‑1, S) policy to cope with our considered model. Finally, in a numerical study, we compare (1, T) policy with (S‑1, S) policy in terms of system total cost. The results reveal that when transportation time from the central warehouse to the retailers is long, the (1, T) policy outperforms the (S‑1, S) policy