Quem é o responsável pela criança? Reflexões psicanalíticas sobre a parentalização dos avós

The family configurations have diversified over the years and with that there was a consequent plurality in ways of organizing children s care. Focusing on families whose children are raised by grandparents, we ask ourselves about the functions assumed by them in these families and on the exercise of parental role in this scenario. This research was bolstered at the same time it was guided by clinical psychoanalytic method. Three families crossed the path of this work providing that theory and practice could be expanded and reinvent itself in order to create a singular knowledge. To understand the contemporary family issues, it was broached on historical, cultural and social aspects covered by traditional and modern family until the present day, which contributed to the multiplicity of familiar formats. Based on the fundamental encounter of the infant and the Other, it was discussed the primary parental role that could propitiate possible reflections on the role of grandparents, as well as on the constitution of its parentification process. Parenthood is approached in denatured form, it means, understood beyond the biological field, supporting thus the symbolic field. So, we discuss the impasses and embarrassment of these grandparents, aiming to understand the demands that join with them the grandchildren s creation and how parentification processes were being drawn in these families.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorMestre em Psicologia AplicadaAs configurações familiares se diversificaram ao longo dos anos e, com isso, houve uma consequente pluralização nos modos de organização dos cuidados com a infância. Com o foco em famílias cujas crianças são criadas pelos avós, nos indagamos sobre as funções por eles assumidas nestas famílias e sobre o exercício das funções parentais neste cenário. Este trabalho se amparou, ao mesmo tempo em que foi guiado, pelo método clínico psicanalítico. Três famílias cruzaram o caminho desta pesquisa proporcionando que teoria e práxis pudessem se ampliar e se reinventar a fim de criar um saber singular. Para entender a família contemporânea foram abordadas questões relativas aos aspectos históricos, culturais e sociais percorridos pela família tradicional e moderna até os dias de hoje, que contribuíram para a multiplicidade dos formatos familiares. Com base no encontro fundamental que acontece entre o bebê e o Outro foram discutidas as funções parentais primordiais para que se propiciassem possíveis reflexões sobre a função dos avós, bem como sobre a constituição do seu processo de parentalização. A parentalidade é abordada de forma desnaturalizada, isto é, entendida para além do campo biológico, se sustentando, portanto, no campo do simbólico. Desse modo, discutimos os impasses e embaraços destes avós, almejando entender as demandas que os enlaçam à criação dos netos e como os processos de parentalização foram se desenhando nestas famílias

The relationship between social capital and caries experience : a systematic review and metanalysis

Orientador: Jaqueline Vilela BulgareliDissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de PiracicabaResumo: O conceito de capital social, em seus níveis individual e contextual/comunitário, faz-se presente nas pesquisas da área de saúde coletiva há algumas décadas. Mais recentemente vem sendo empregado na área de saúde bucal, com número escasso ainda de estudos, no entanto é possível verificar resultados de associações positivas tanto no contexto geral como da principal patologia bucal, a cárie dental. O objetivo deste estudo foi buscar evidências da relação entre capital social com a doença cárie dentária. As bases de dados PubMed Central, ISI Web of Knowledge, Centro Latino-Americano e do Caribe de Informação em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Índice Bibliográfico Espanhol de Ciências de Saúde (IBECS), Bibliografia Brasileira de Odontologia (BBO), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), The Cochrane Library e Banco Internacional da Literatura Médica (MEDLINE), foram utilizadas para pesquisa dos artigos. Todos os estudos com humanos, de todas as faixas etárias e línguas, publicados até outubro de 2016, que relacionassem o capital social com a cárie dental, foram incluídos nesta revisão. Foram encontrados 1021 artigos, dos quais 151 estavam duplicados. Os 870 estudos restantes foram lidos por título e de acordo com os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 56 foram selecionados e lidos na íntegra. A leitura resultou na seleção de 5 artigos para amostra, e destes apenas 3 foram incluídos na metanálise. Os dados de capital social contextual foram avaliados na metanálise, tendo sido divididos em dois subgrupos, coesão social e empoderamento de vizinhança. Na análise final p valor mostrou-se siginificativo, com p<0,001, mostrando que tanto a coesão social como o empoderamento de vizinhança estão associados com a experiência de cárie. Para o modelo fixo, o indivíduo que possui maior capital social contextual detém 3,97 chances de não ter a doença cárie. No modelo randômico, o indivíduo tem 2,39 chances de não ter a doença. Os resultados da metanálise reforçam a importância do capital social comunitário na experiência de cárie dos indivíduos, mostrando que o alto nível de capital social comunitário tem relação direta com menores índices de experiência de cárie nos indivíduos. Devido a falta de dados nos estudos, não foi possível avaliar a relação entre o capital social na dimensão individual com experiência de cárie nos indivíduosAbstract: The concept of social capital, in its individual and community levels, has been present in research in the area of collective health for some decades. More recently it has been used in the area of oral health, with few studies yet, but it is possible to verify the results of positive associations in both the general context and the main oral pathology, dental caries. The objective of this study was to search for evidence of the relationship between social capital and dental caries disease. The databases PubMed Central, ISI Web of Knowledge, Latin American and Caribbean Center for Health Sciences Information (LILACS), Spanish Bibliographical Index of Health Sciences (IBECS), Brazilian Bibliography of Dentistry (BBO), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), The Cochrane Library and the International Bank for Medical Literature (MEDLINE), were used to research articles. All human studies, of all age groups and languages, published until October 2016, that relate social capital to dental caries, were included in this review. 1021 articles were found, of which 151 were duplicates. The remaining 870 studies were read by title and according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 56 were selected and read in their entirety. The reading resulted in the selection of 5 articles for the sample, of which only 3 were included in the meta-analysis. Contextual social capital data were evaluated in the meta-analysis and were divided into two subgroups, social cohesion and neighborhood empowerment. In the final analysis p value was significant, with p <0.001, showing that both social cohesion and neighborhood empowerment are associated with the caries experience. For the fixed model, the individual who possesses the highest social capital contextual, holds 3.97 chances of not having the caries disease. The random model the individual has 2.39 chances of not having the disease. The results of the meta-analysis reinforce the importance of community social capital in the caries experience of individuals, showing that the high level of community social capital is directly related to lower caries experience rates in individuals. Due to lack of data in the studies, it was not possible to evaluate the relationship between social capital in the individual dimension with caries experience in individualsMestradoOdontologia em Saude ColetivaMestra em Odontologia em Saúde Coletiv

Avaliação do equilíbrio e da flexibilidade de indivíduos em estágios iniciais de progressão da Doença de Parkinson

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação)A Doença de Parkinson (DP) é uma doença crônica, progressiva, degenerativa do sistema nervoso central, sendo o segundo distúrbio neurodegenerativo mais prevalente em pessoas com mais de 50 anos de idade. Considerando os sinais motores da DP associados ao processo de envelhecimento, as alterações de flexibilidade e equilíbrio associadas podem ter um importante impacto sobre as atividades de vida diárias, particularmente a marcha. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a flexibilidade e equilíbrio de indivíduos com DP nos estágios 1 e 2 da escala Hoehn & Yahr (HY). Trata-se de um estudo transversal no qual participaram 10 indivíduos no estágio 1 da HY e 12 indivíduos no estágio 2 da HY. A amostra foi de conveniência e composta pelos participantes do projeto de extensão universitária da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, que proporciona atendimento de Fisioterapia em grupo para indivíduos com DP. Para a avaliação da flexibilidade foi utilizado o Banco de Wells (BW), no qual o participante é avaliado na posição sentada, com os joelhos estendidos, os tornozelos em dorsiflexão, com as solas dos pés apoiados e deve flexionar o tronco com os membros superiores estendidos. O alcance dos membros superiores é registrado em uma régua, sendo considerado para análise o maior valor alcançado ao final do movimento após 3 tentativas. Para avaliar o equilíbrio foi usado o Mini-BESTest (MBT), que é um teste que consiste em 14 itens e cada um tem 3 níveis de pontuação (de 0 a 2), sendo que 0 significa um grave comprometimento no equilíbrio e 2 representa nenhum comprometimento no equilíbrio; tendo como 28 a pontuação máxima possível. Para análise estatística foram utilizados os testes Shapiro-Wilk, para verificar a normalidade dos dados, e o teste de t-Student para a comparação entre os grupos, considerando p< 0,05. Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos no MBT (p=0,416) e no BW (p=0,166). Deste modo, considerando as características funcionais de flexibilidade e equilíbrio, ao comparar indivíduos com DP classificados nas HY 1 e 2, os mesmos apresentam igual desempenho

Presença cristã no metaverso: perspectivas e desafios pastorais a partir do estudo de caso do LagoVerso

The digital network since its creation has been a space for reflection and practice of faith, therefore, a theological and pastoral place. The research seeks to identify the challenges and opportunities for pastoral action in the metaverse, through the case study of LagoVerso, the first Brazilian Christian church in this digital ecology. The article analyzes the characteristics of this environment and investigates its potentialities as one of the new agoras where the Gospel can be communicated. The research used to develop the case study, besides the method of participant observation of two services, an in-depth interview with the developer of the project. Just as the experience of the web affects our living and spiritual habits, the experience of faith impacts the development in the digital communication ecosystem. Based on the presence and practices of Lagoinha Baptist Church in this environment, we seek to raise important questions for “digital evangelization”.A rede digital desde sua criação tem sido um espaço de reflexão e prática da fé, portanto, um lugar teológico e pastoral. A pesquisa busca identificar os desafios e oportunidades para a ação pastoral no metaverso, através de um estudo de caso do LagoVerso, primeira igreja cristã brasileira nessa ecologia digital. O artigo analisa as características desta ambiência e verifica suas potencialidades como uma das novas ágoras onde o Evangelho pode ser comunicado. A pesquisa utilizou para desenvolver o estudo de caso, além do método de observação participante de dois cultos, uma entrevista em profundidade com o desenvolvedor do projeto. Assim como a experiência da rede afeta nossa vivência e hábitos espirituais, a experiência de fé impacta o desenvolvimento no ecossistema comunicativo digital. A partir da presença e das práticas da Igreja Batista da Lagoinha neste ambiente, busca-se levantar questões importantes para a «evangelização digital»

La tolerancia y el respeto a las diferencias: efectos de una actividad educativa en la escuela

Una versión de este estudio en portugués fue publicada originalmente en Brasil: Del Prette, Z. A. P., Domeniconi, C., Amaro, L., Laurenti, A., Benitez, P. & Del Prette, A. (2012). Tolerancia e respeito as diferenças: Efeitos de uma atividade educativa na escola. Psicologia: Teoria e Práttica, 14 (1), 168-182.Se trata de una investigación de intervención experimental que evaluó el impacto de una actividad educativa en la escuela cuyo propósito era promover la tolerancia y el respeto a las diferencias. Participaron 300 niños, divididos en tres grupos: uno de control (sin intervención) y dos experimentales (dramatización y presentación audiovisual de una historia infantil, ambos procedimientos con la temática de la preferencia por equipos de fútbol). La intervención se evaluó, antes y después, por medio de una escala de diferencial semántico en que los niños atribuían adjetivos positivos y negativos al propio equipo y al equipo adversario. Los resultados mostraron (1) que la evaluación más favorable al proprio equipo se mantuvo en los dos momentos y (2) la evaluación inicial más desfavorable al equipo adversario mejoró después de la intervención de forma significativa. Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados para la función social de la escuela en la formación socioemocional de los alumnos, así como la importancia de la evaluación de alternativas pedagógicas orientadas a este objetivo. Por último, se señalan las limitaciones del estudio y se hacen sugerencias respecto a la investigación futura.A study of an experimental intervention that evaluated the impact of an educational activity in schools to promote tolerance and respect for differences is reported. A total of 300 children participated, divided into three groups: one control (without intervention), and two experimental groups (drama and audiovisual presentation of a children’s story, focusing on the topic of preferences for soccer teams). The intervention was assessed before and after, with a semantic differential scale range in which children attributed positive and negative adjectives to their own team as well as the opposing team. The results showed: (1) a more favorable evaluation of one’s own team maintained during the two specific moments, (2) the initially more unfavorable evaluation, towards the opposing team, improved significantly after the intervention. The implications of the results are discussed in relation to the school social function of improving students’ social-emotional development, as well as the importance of evaluating pedagogical alternatives addressing this objective. Some limitations regarding this study and also research referrals are presented

Síntese de novos sistemas benzotiadiazolas com conjugações p-estendidas utilizando a reação de acoplamento Suzuki

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Secretion Mechanism across Wall

Yeast organisms are widely explored by humans for different biotechnological applications. During their growth, they need to adapt and interact themselves with the environment medium. For this purpose, organisms uptake nutrients and at the same time secrete different molecules include proteins to extracellular medium. This phenomenon requires the use of specialized structures to regulate entry and exit of molecules called transporters. Two transporters, namely Proteins and Vesicles, are specialized in translocating molecules in and out across the wall. The knowledge of these systems is important and served to bring novel applications of yeast. Taking together, this book chapter is divided into two parts: at first, it primarily accounts on few examples of protein (carbohydrates and peroxisome proteins) and vesicle (intracellular and extracellular vesicles) transporters of yeasts. Second, it deals with the recent advances of yeast applications in diverse area of science

The Use of Nasal Dilator Strips as a Placebo for Trials Evaluating Continuous Positive Airway Pressure

Objectives: The aim of the current study was to compare the objective and subjective effects of continuous positive airway pressure to the use of nasal dilator strips in patients with acromegaly and moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea. Methods: We studied 12 patients with acromegaly and moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (male/females = 8/4, age = 52$\pm$8 ys, body mass index = 33.5$\pm$4.6 Kg/m$^2$, apnea–hypopnea index = 38$\pm$14 events/h) who had been included in a randomized, crossover study to receive three months of treatment with continuous positive airway pressure and nasal dilator strips. All patients were evaluated at study entry and at the end of each treatment by polysomnography, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and treatment satisfaction questionnaires. Results: The apnea–hypopnea index values decreased significantly with continuous positive airway pressure treatment but did not change with the use of nasal dilator strips. All of the subjective symptoms improved with both treatments, but these improvements were significantly greater with continuous positive airway pressure than with the nasal dilator strips. Conclusion: The use of nasal dilator strips had a much smaller effect on the severity of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with acromegaly and moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea in comparison to the use of continuous positive airway pressure. Moreover, the improvement in several subjective parameters without any significant objective improvement in obstructive sleep apnea resulting from the use of nasal dilator strips is compatible with a placebo effect

Examining the Effect of Charged Lipids on Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Dynamics Using Atomistic Simulations

The outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) is involved in multiple cellular functions such as apoptosis, inflammation and signaling via its membrane-associated and -embedded proteins. Despite the central role of the OMM in these vital phenomena, the structure and dynamics of the membrane have regularly been investigated in silico using simple two-component models. Accordingly, the aim was to generate the realistic multi-component model of the OMM and inspect its properties using atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. All major lipid components, phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylserine (PS), were included in the probed OMM models. Because increased levels of anionic PS lipids have potential effects on schizophrenia and, more specifically, on monoamine oxidase B enzyme activity, the effect of varying the PS concentration was explored. The MD simulations indicate that the complex membrane lipid composition (MLC) behavior is notably different from the two-component PC-PE model. The MLC changes caused relatively minor effects on the membrane structural properties such as membrane thickness or area per lipid; however, notable effects could be seen with the dynamical parameters at the water-membrane interface. Increase of PS levels appears to slow down lateral diffusion of all lipids and, in general, the presence of anionic lipids reduced hydration and slowed down the PE headgroup rotation. In addition, sodium ions could neutralize the membrane surface, when PI was the main anionic component; however, a similar effect was not seen for high PS levels. Based on these results, it is advisable for future studies on the OMM and its protein or ligand partners, especially when wanting to replicate the correct properties on the water-membrane interface, to use models that are sufficiently complex, containing anionic lipid types, PI in particular

Examining the Effect of Charged Lipids on Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Dynamics Using Atomistic Simulations

The outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) is involved in multiple cellular functions such as apoptosis, inflammation and signaling via its membrane-associated and -embedded proteins. Despite the central role of the OMM in these vital phenomena, the structure and dynamics of the membrane have regularly been investigated in silico using simple two-component models. Accordingly, the aim was to generate the realistic multi-component model of the OMM and inspect its properties using atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. All major lipid components, phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylserine (PS), were included in the probed OMM models. Because increased levels of anionic PS lipids have potential effects on schizophrenia and, more specifically, on monoamine oxidase B enzyme activity, the effect of varying the PS concentration was explored. The MD simulations indicate that the complex membrane lipid composition (MLC) behavior is notably different from the two-component PC-PE model. The MLC changes caused relatively minor effects on the membrane structural properties such as membrane thickness or area per lipid; however, notable effects could be seen with the dynamical parameters at the water-membrane interface. Increase of PS levels appears to slow down lateral diffusion of all lipids and, in general, the presence of anionic lipids reduced hydration and slowed down the PE headgroup rotation. In addition, sodium ions could neutralize the membrane surface, when PI was the main anionic component; however, a similar effect was not seen for high PS levels. Based on these results, it is advisable for future studies on the OMM and its protein or ligand partners, especially when wanting to replicate the correct properties on the water-membrane interface, to use models that are sufficiently complex, containing anionic lipid types, PI in particular.Peer reviewe