Algumas espécies coprófilas de Psilocybe (Strophariaceae) do Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil

Coprophilous species Psilocybe argentina, P. pegleriana and P. cubensis are reported for the first time for Northeast Brazil. The last one is a hallucinogenic mushroom. Descriptions, discussions and drawings of the species are provided.As espécies coprófilas Psilocybe argentina, P. pegleriana e P. cubensis são referidas pela primeira vez para o Nordeste Brasileiro, sendo esta última uma espécie de cogumelo alucinógeno. Descrições, discussões e desenhos das espécies são fornecidos

Lógistica reversa de veículos no fim de vida: a realidade com vistas à sustentabilidade ambiental

O descarte dos veículos em fim de vida impacta direta ou indiretamente, o meio ambiente em função dos resíduos de fabricação. Uma alternativa para diminuir esse problema é a logística reversa de veículos, por ser considerada uma técnica inovadora de reuso, remanufatura e reciclagem destes bens na indústria e mercado automobilísticos. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar as experiências internacionais e seus resultados como propostas de solução para o descarte dos veículos em fim de vida, e os desafios do Brasil para aprovar leis que regulamentam essa atividade no país.

On the development of extragonadal and gonadal human germ cells

Human germ cells originate in an extragonadal location and have to migrate to colonize the gonadal primordia at around seven weeks of gestation (W7, or five weeks post conception). Many germ cells are lost along the way and should enter apoptosis, but some escape and can give rise to extragonadal germ cell tumors. Due to the common somatic origin of gonads and adrenal cortex, we investigated whether ectopic germ cells were present in the human adrenals. Germ cells expressing DDX4 and/or POU5F1 were present in male and female human adrenals in the first and second trimester. However, in contrast to what has been described in mice, where 'adrenal' and 'ovarian' germ cells seem to enter meiosis in synchrony, we were unable to observe meiotic entry in human 'adrenal' germ cells until W22. By contrast, 'ovarian' germ cells at W22 showed a pronounced asynchronous meiotic entry. Interestingly, we observed that immature POU5F1+ germ cells in both first and second trimester ovaries still expressed the neural crest marker TUBB3, reminiscent of their migratory phase. Our findings highlight species- specific differences in early gametogenesis between mice and humans. We report the presence of a population of ectopic germ cells in the human adrenals during development

A longitudinalidade e a integralidade no cuidado às crianças menores de um ano: avaliação de cuidadores

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the attributes longitudinality and comprehensive care in Family Health Units in Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil. Method: quantitative, cross-sectional study with data collected through the use of the Brazilian version of Primary Care Assessment Tool. This instrument covers the essential attributes of the Primary Health Care, including longitudinality and comprehensive care. We interviewed 271 caretakers of children under one year old who use the health facilities, from January to June 2012. Results: longitudinality scores were high (3.07±0.53), demonstrating good experience of caretakers regarding the actions derived from this attribute. On the other hand, the scores for comprehensive care related to available services and services provided were low (2.83±0.36 and 2.81±0.98). Such results demonstrate little awareness of caretakers related to available services, as well as services provided to children by health facilities. Conclusions: Family Health Strategy is a reference for most health needs of the child; it promotes the relationship between caretakers and health professionals, and enables the knowledge about children health status. However, despite the high coverage of the Family Health Strategy in the county, some children´s health actions are not experienced by caretakers. Managers and health professionals should have the priorities for child health in their agendas, as well as planning and implementation of actions which are related to the child health needs.Objetivo: avaliar os atributos longitudinalidade e integralidade da atenção em Unidades de Saúde da Família em Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil. Método: pesquisa quantitativa, transversal com dados coletados mediante uso do Instrumento de Avaliação da Atenção Primária, versão nacional Primary Care Assessment Tool. Este instrumento contempla os atributos essenciais da APS, dentre eles a longitudinalidade e a integralidade da atenção. Foram entrevistados 271 cuidadores de crianças menores de um ano, usuários dos serviços, no período de janeiro a junho de 2012. Resultados: a longitudinalidade apresentou escore elevado (3,07±0,53), demonstrando boa experiência dos cuidadores com as ações derivadas desse atributo. Por outro lado, os escores para integralidade, tanto para serviços disponíveis quanto para serviços prestados, foram baixos (2,83±0,36 e 2,81±0,98). Tais resultados apontam pouca percepção dos cuidadores sobre serviços disponíveis, como também serviços prestados à criança pelas unidades de saúde. Conclusões: A ESF constitui referência para a maioria das necessidades de saúde da criança, favorece a relação entre cuidadores e profissionais, além de possibilitar o conhecimento da situação de saúde desse público. Entretanto, apesar da alta cobertura da estratégia no município, algumas ações em saúde voltadas às crianças não são vivenciadas pelos cuidadores. Aos gestores e profissionais de saúde que atuam com esta clientela, cabe a sensibilização sobre as prioridades dentro de suas agendas, como também o planejamento e a implementação de ações que estejam dentro das necessidades de saúde da população infantil

Cytogenotoxicity biomarkers in fat snook Centropomus parallelus from Cananéia and São Vicente estuaries, SP, Brazil

The aquatic environment receives many contaminants that can induce damages at the molecular, biochemical, cellular and physiological levels. Centropomus parallelus, an important food resource for local populations, is a predator fish that feeds on small fishes and benthic invertebrates, thus being vulnerable to the bioconcentration and biomagnification processes. This study aimed to evaluate cytogenotoxic responses in erythrocytes from C. parallelus juveniles collected in the Cananéia and São Vicente estuaries, both in winter and in summer. After anesthesia, blood samples were collected by caudal puncture. Blood smears were prepared on glass slides and stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa dye. Two thousand cells were analyzed per slide (1000x), and nuclear abnormalities (NA) and micronuclei (MN) were scored. The São Vicente sample showed MN and NA frequencies (%/1000 cells) of 0.325 and 3.575, in winter, and of 0.125 and 2.935 in summer respectively; the Cananéia sample showed frequencies of 0.0325 and 0.03, in winter, and of 0.065 and 0.355 in summer, respectively. The rates found in São Vicente were significantly higher than those found in Cananéia, evidencing that the levels of pollution in that estuary were high enough to induce genetic damages

Macadamia Oil Supplementation Attenuates Inflammation and Adipocyte Hypertrophy in Obese Mice

Excess of saturated fatty acids in the diet has been associated with obesity, leading to systemic disruption of insulin signaling, glucose intolerance, and inflammation. Macadamia oil administration has been shown to improve lipid profile in humans. We evaluated the effect of macadamia oil supplementation on insulin sensitivity, inflammation, lipid profile, and adipocyte size in high-fat diet (HF) induced obesity in mice. C57BL/6 male mice (8 weeks) were divided into four groups: (a) control diet (CD), (b) HF, (c) CD supplemented with macadamia oil by gavage at 2g/Kg of body weight, three times per week, for 12 weeks (CD + MO), and (d) HF diet supplemented with macadamia oil (HF + MO). CD and HF mice were supplemented with water. HF mice showed hypercholesterolemia and decreased insulin sensitivity as also previously shown. HF induced inflammation in adipose tissue and peritoneal macrophages, as well as adipocyte hypertrophy. Macadamia oil supplementation attenuated hypertrophy of adipocytes and inflammation in the adipose tissue and macrophages.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Univ São Paulo, Dept Biol Celular & Desenvolvimento, BR-05508000 São Paulo, BrazilUniv Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Dept Educ Fis, Programa Posgrad Ciencia Motricidad, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Inst Ciencias Biomed, Dept Fisiol & Biofis, BR-05508000 São Paulo, BrazilUniv Sao Judas Tadeu, Dept Ciencias Biol, Lab Movimento Humano, BR-05503001 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Fisiol, Disciplina Fisiol Nutr, BR-04023901 São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Dept Fisiol Geral, BR-05508090 São Paulo, BrazilUniv Cruzeiro Sul, Inst Ciencias Atividade Fis & Esporte, Programa Posgrad Ciencia Movimento Humano, BR-01506000 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Fisiol, Disciplina Fisiol Nutr, BR-04023901 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Rarity of monodominance in hyperdiverse Amazonian forests.

Tropical forests are known for their high diversity. Yet, forest patches do occur in the tropics where a single tree species is dominant. Such "monodominant" forests are known from all of the main tropical regions. For Amazonia, we sampled the occurrence of monodominance in a massive, basin-wide database of forest-inventory plots from the Amazon Tree Diversity Network (ATDN). Utilizing a simple defining metric of at least half of the trees ≥ 10 cm diameter belonging to one species, we found only a few occurrences of monodominance in Amazonia, and the phenomenon was not significantly linked to previously hypothesized life history traits such wood density, seed mass, ectomycorrhizal associations, or Rhizobium nodulation. In our analysis, coppicing (the formation of sprouts at the base of the tree or on roots) was the only trait significantly linked to monodominance. While at specific locales coppicing or ectomycorrhizal associations may confer a considerable advantage to a tree species and lead to its monodominance, very few species have these traits. Mining of the ATDN dataset suggests that monodominance is quite rare in Amazonia, and may be linked primarily to edaphic factors