David Miller\u27s Nationalism: A Critique

This thesis examines David Miller’s defence of nationalism. It considers what is termed “the compatriot partiality thesis”, that is, the view that we are justified in giving our compatriots more moral consideration than we give to outsiders. It examines the debate between Miller’s own ethical particularism and the ethical universalist position. Miller’s particularist view rests in part on his view that political theory must embrace a feasibility constraint, and his case for that is examined. Finally, Miller claims that his defence of nationalism is consistent with the endorsement of human rights. The thesis examines his attempt to incorporate an idea of human rights, and concludes that his attempt to do so is inconsistent with his ethical particularism

Examinatıon of Gifted Students According to Sociometric Status of Social Competence

Bu araştırmada, normal eğitim ve öğretime devam eden, Bilim Sanat Merkezine (BİLSEM) kayıtlı, üstün yetenekli tanısı almış, ilköğretim 3.,4.,5.,6. ve 7. sınıf öğrencilerinin, sosyal yeterlilik düzeylerinin, sosyometrik statülerine göre incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırma, ilişkisel tarama modeli yöntemi ile yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklem grubu 3.,4.,5.,6. ve 7. sınıf öğrencileri arasından üstün yetenekli tanısı almış 47 öğrenci ve üstün yetenekli öğrencilerin sınıfında eğitim ve öğretime devam eden 175 normal gelişim gösteren öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada Sosyometri Testi ve Okul Sosyal Davranış ölçeği (OSDÖ) kullanılmıştır. Sınıf öğretmenleri tarafından rasgele yöntemle tercih edilmiş 5 normal öğrenci ve üstün yetenekli tanısı almış öğrenciler hakkında görüş ve değerlendirme, bu ölçek yardımı ile belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde bağımsız örneklemler için t testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi, pearson momentler çarpım korelasyonun analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre, üstün yetenekli öğrencilerin, cinsiyet değişkeni ile sosyal yeterlilik puanı arasında anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu görülmüştür. Üstün yetenekli öğrencilerin sosyometrik statü puanı; normal öğrencilerin sosyometrik statü puanından daha yüksek çıkmıştır. Üstün yetenekli öğrencilerin sosyal yeterlilik puanları ile sosyometrik statü puanı arasında zayıf pozitif yönlü bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Üstün yetenekli öğrencilerin sosyal yeterlilik puanı normal gelişen öğrencilerin sosyal yeterlilik puanlarından daha yüksek çıkmıştır. Normal gelişim gösteren öğrencilerin sosyal yeterlilik puanları ile sosyometrik statü puanları arasında zayıf pozitif yönlü bir ilişki bulunmuştur.In this study, it is aimed to examine the social competence levels of primary education 3th, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th class students of normal education who have been determined as gifted and talented according to their social status and registered to Science and Art Center. The research was conducted using the relational scan model method. In our study, the sample group consists of 47 students that were determined as gifted and talented among the 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th grade students and 175 normal students who are educated in the same class with gifted and talented students by thier teachers. Sociometry Test and “School Social Behavior Scale (OSRS) were used in the study. School Social” Behavior Scale was developed by Keneth W. Merrell in 1993 and adapted to Turkish by Müge Yukay Yüksel in 2009.Sociometry test was applied to the class in which gifted students were enrolled in order to determine the social positions of gifted students in the class and their references. In order to determine the social competence levels of the students, the class teachers used School Social Behavior Scale (OSDÖ). Opinions and evaluations about 5 regular students and gifted students, who were chosen by random method by classroom teachers, were tried to be determined with the aid of this scale. In the analysis of the data, t test, one way analysis of variance, pearson moment correlation analysis were used for independent samples. Significance level was taken as 05.According to the results of the research, In gifted children, sociometric status scores were higher than normal development students. A weak positive relationship was found between the social competence scores of the gifted students and the sociometric status score (preferred score). Social competence scores of gifted students were higher than normal development students. There was a weak positive relationship between social competence score and sociometric status (preferred score) scores of normal development students

Is BMI Sufficient to Evaluate the Association between Obesity and Ovarian Reserves?

Body fat content and distribution might have an effect on ovarian reserves. Here, we studied the effects of body fat distribution on the antral follicle count (AFC) of women who consulted for infertility. In this two-center study, the ovarian reserves of patients who came to the hospital for infertility treatment was evaluated based on their AFC and early follicular phase follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels. In addition, adiposity was evaluated using their body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratios (WHRs), the subcutaneous tissue thickness of the bicipital and tricipital regions, and the body adiposity index (BAI). Body fat distribution was evaluated using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). We evaluated 58 patients in this study. While we failed to show a relationship between BMI and WHR based on the AFC, there was a significant relationship between body fat percentage and the AFC. The AFC in patients with < 35% body fat and ≥ 35% body fat was 11.54 ± 4.27 and 9.00 ± 3.95, respectively (p = 0.029). There was no significant relationship between the AFC and the WHR, BAI, and bicipital and tricipital subcutaneous tissue thickness. BMI may not reflect the adiposity of every patient. When evaluating the ovarian reserves of patients, we must consider other measures of obesity that reflect body fatness. Further large studies must be conducted to investigate the relationship between body fat and infertility

Extended High Frequency Audiometry in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Objective. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder affecting 5–10% of women in reproductive age. Insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, hypertension, and obesity are metabolic disorders accompanying the syndrome. PCOS is a chronic proinflammatory state and the disease is associated with endothelial dysfunction. In diseases with endothelial damage, hearing in high frequencies are mostly effected in early stages. We evaluated extended high frequency hearing loss in PCOS patients. Material Methods. Forty women diagnosed as PCOS and 25 healthy controls were included in this study. Age and BMI of PCOS and control groups were comparable. Each subject was tested with low (250–2000 Hz), high (4000–8000 Hz), and extended high frequency audiometry (8000–20000). Hormonal and biochemical values including LH, LH/FSH, testosterone, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-I, and CRP were calculated. Results. PCOS patients showed high levels of LH, LH/FSH, testosterone, fasting insulin, glucose, HOMA-I, and CRP levels. The hearing thresholds of the groups were similar at frequencies of 250, 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz; statistically significant difference was observed in 8000–14000 Hz in PCOS group compared to control group. Conclusion. PCOS patients have hearing impairment especially in extended high frequencies. Further studies are needed to help elucidate the mechanism behind hearing impairment in association with PCOS

Do Bmı or Waıst-to-Hıp Ratıo Interfere wıth The Number of Oocytes Retrıeved ın IVF Cycles?

The effect of obesity on ovarian response to ovulation induction and on in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome is controversial. This controversy might stem from the fact that almost all studies on the subject use body mass index (BMI) for obesity measurement. We aimed to determine which obesity measure predicts the possible effect of obesity on ovarian response in IVF patients. In this retrospective study, patients who presented for IVF and underwent an antagonist protocol were included. Their histories and cycle properties were recorded, as well as their BMI and waist-to-hip (W/H) ratios. A total of 35 patients were included. While normal BMI significantly lowered the gonadotropin dose, normal W/H ratio increased the antral follicle count (AFC). Both BMI and W/H ratio did not significantly affect either the number of oocytes retrieved or the metaphase II oocytes. Ovulation induction during IVF cycles can overcome the adverse effects of obesity on ovarian reserve. Large-sample-sized, well-designed studies must be performed to clarify the best obesity measurement method for infertility treatment and to determine the real effect of obesity on IVF success

Effects of soybean isoflavone extract on the plasma lipid profiles and antioxidant enzyme activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

The present study evaluated the effects of various dosages of soybean isoflavone extract on lipid profiles, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activities in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The one normal control group was fed an AIN-76-based experimental diet and four diabetic groups were fed the same diet, supplemented with four different levels of soybean isoflavone extract for seven weeks. The daily dosages of pure isoflavone for four diabetic groups were set to be 0 mg (diabetic control), 0.5 mg (ISO-I), 3.0 mg (ISO-II) and 30.0 mg (ISO-III) per kilogram of body weight, respectively. The plasma total cholesterol levels and the TBA-reactive substances contents in the liver and kidney were significantly lowered in ISO-II and ISO-III groups compared to those in the diabetic control group. The levels of plasma HDL-cholesterol, plasma vitamin A and hepatic superoxide dismutase were significantly increased in those two groups compared with the diabetic control group. The present study demonstrated the possibility that the diets supplemented with 3.0 mg and 30.0 mg of soybean isoflavone extract may have beneficial effects on the plasma lipids, tissue lipid peroxidation and partly on antioxidant system in diabetic animals and there were no significant differences between the ISO-II and ISO-III groups. The results suggest that the effective daily dosage level of isoflavone for improving lipid metabolism in diabetic rats may be above 3.0 mg per kilogram body weight

Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use in early acute respiratory distress syndrome : Insights from the LUNG SAFE study

Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Concerns exist regarding the prevalence and impact of unnecessary oxygen use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We examined this issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE study, we wished to determine the prevalence and the outcomes associated with hyperoxemia on day 1, sustained hyperoxemia, and excessive oxygen use in patients with early ARDS. Patients who fulfilled criteria of ARDS on day 1 and day 2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were categorized based on the presence of hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mmHg) on day 1, sustained (i.e., present on day 1 and day 2) hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen use (FIO2 ≥ 0.60 during hyperoxemia). Results: Of 2005 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 131 (6.5%) were hypoxemic (PaO2 < 55 mmHg), 607 (30%) had hyperoxemia on day 1, and 250 (12%) had sustained hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use occurred in 400 (66%) out of 607 patients with hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use decreased from day 1 to day 2 of ARDS, with most hyperoxemic patients on day 2 receiving relatively low FIO2. Multivariate analyses found no independent relationship between day 1 hyperoxemia, sustained hyperoxemia, or excess FIO2 use and adverse clinical outcomes. Mortality was 42% in patients with excess FIO2 use, compared to 39% in a propensity-matched sample of normoxemic (PaO2 55-100 mmHg) patients (P = 0.47). Conclusions: Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use are both prevalent in early ARDS but are most often non-sustained. No relationship was found between hyperoxemia or excessive oxygen use and patient outcome in this cohort. Trial registration: LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073publishersversionPeer reviewe

Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, ventilation management, and outcomes in invasively ventilated intensive care unit patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pooled analysis of four observational studies

Background: Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, the practice of ventilation, and outcome in invasively ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain unexplored. In this analysis we aim to address these gaps using individual patient data of four large observational studies. Methods: In this pooled analysis we harmonised individual patient data from the ERICC, LUNG SAFE, PRoVENT, and PRoVENT-iMiC prospective observational studies, which were conducted from June, 2011, to December, 2018, in 534 ICUs in 54 countries. We used the 2016 World Bank classification to define two geoeconomic regions: middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs). ARDS was defined according to the Berlin criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to compare patients in MICs versus HICs. The primary outcome was the use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) for the first 3 days of mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcomes were key ventilation parameters (tidal volume size, positive end-expiratory pressure, fraction of inspired oxygen, peak pressure, plateau pressure, driving pressure, and respiratory rate), patient characteristics, the risk for and actual development of acute respiratory distress syndrome after the first day of ventilation, duration of ventilation, ICU length of stay, and ICU mortality. Findings: Of the 7608 patients included in the original studies, this analysis included 3852 patients without ARDS, of whom 2345 were from MICs and 1507 were from HICs. Patients in MICs were younger, shorter and with a slightly lower body-mass index, more often had diabetes and active cancer, but less often chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure than patients from HICs. Sequential organ failure assessment scores were similar in MICs and HICs. Use of LTVV in MICs and HICs was comparable (42\ub74% vs 44\ub72%; absolute difference \u20131\ub769 [\u20139\ub758 to 6\ub711] p=0\ub767; data available in 3174 [82%] of 3852 patients). The median applied positive end expiratory pressure was lower in MICs than in HICs (5 [IQR 5\u20138] vs 6 [5\u20138] cm H2O; p=0\ub70011). ICU mortality was higher in MICs than in HICs (30\ub75% vs 19\ub79%; p=0\ub70004; adjusted effect 16\ub741% [95% CI 9\ub752\u201323\ub752]; p&lt;0\ub70001) and was inversely associated with gross domestic product (adjusted odds ratio for a US$10 000 increase per capita 0\ub780 [95% CI 0\ub775\u20130\ub786]; p&lt;0\ub70001). Interpretation: Despite similar disease severity and ventilation management, ICU mortality in patients without ARDS is higher in MICs than in HICs, with a strong association with country-level economic status. Funding: No funding

A Case of DRESS Syndrome Associated with Piperacillin-Tazobactam Treatment and Literature Review

A 47-year-old type-2 diabetic male patient was hospitalized with diabetic foot infection, and piperacillin-tazobactam treatment was initiated. In the 3rd week of treatment, fever, malaise, myalgia, leukopenia, eosinophilia, and elevations of transaminases and acute phase reactants developed. Cultures remained sterile, and symptoms regressed with a change of medication and steroid administration. The clinical situation was accepted as “drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms” (DRESS) syndrome, which is discussed in detail