On the Effectiveness of Group Cognitive-behavioral Intervention of the Spouses on the Reversion Prediction of the People in Methadone Therapy

AbstractProblem setting: Lack of the necessary skills and unsuitable relationship between spouses, are concerned as factors of continuation in addiction. This research has been done in order to define the effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioral intervention of the spouses on the reversion prediction of the people in methadone therapy. Method: 70 addicted people who had come to “Omid Desertion Center” in Iran-lahijan, were studied by DASS21, and RPS standard measures and CRQ, WRQ, CRI, and AQ questionnaires in this research. Among these people, 30 addicted subjects, who had the criterion for this study, were selected randomly and put into two groups of experimental and controlled group, each with 15 people. The experimental group was in an experiment of cognitive-behavioral intervention for 12 sessions of 90minutes. At the end, both groups were assessed by the same mentioned questionnaires one more time months, they answered to the RPS standard measure. The data were analyzed by the co-variance (ANCOVA, MANCOVA) statistical method. The results: The results showed a significant difference between the two groups in reversion prediction of the people in theory and the management of stress, anger and worry, and coping skills (problem focused) and not significant in coping skills (emotion focused) and negotiation and solving the probl ems in their spouses. Conclusion: The results of the study show that group cognitive – behavioral intervention on the spouses is an effective method for reversion prediction of the people in methadone therapy

Screening for Depression In Hospitalized Pediatric Patients

How to Cite This Article: Esmaeeli M, Erfani Sayar R, Saghebi A, Elmi Saghi, Rahmani Sh, Elmi S, Rabbani Javadi A. Screening for Depression in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients. Iran J Child Neurol. 2014 Winter; 8(1):47-51. ObjectiveIn chronically ill children who are hospitalized, many mood changes occur. For example, in children with cancer or renal failure, prolonged hospitalization and chemotherapy can lead to depression. With the improved survival of childhoodmalignancies, the effect of treatment on child’s psychosocial well-being becomes increasingly relevant. In this study, we examined the prevalence of depression in hospitalized children with chronic and acute conditions in Dr Sheikh Pediatrics Hospital in Mashhad.Materials & MethodsAfter receiving the approval from the Ethics Committee of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, we did this cross-sectional descriptive study, from April to June 2012 in Dr Sheikh Pediatric Hospital in Mashhad. Ninety children, aged between 8 to 16 years, were screened for depression. The sampling method was census. Children with a history of depressive or other mental disorders were excluded.Three groups of children (children with chronic renal disease, malignancy, and acute disease) were evaluated for depression using standard Children Depression Inventory Questionnaire (CDI). Two specifically trained nurses with the supervisionof a psychiatrist filled out the questionnaires at patients’ bedside. Depression scores were then analyzed by SPSS software.ResultsOf 90 children, 43(47.7%) were male and 47(52.2%) were female. The Children’s mean age was 11±2.3 years, and the mean length of hospitalization was 8±5.3 days.Depression was detected in various degrees in 63% of patients (N=57), and 36.6% of children (N=32) had no symptoms of depression. Severe depression was not seenin any of the patients with acute illness. More than half of patients with cancer and chronic kidney disease had moderate to severe depression.There was a significant statistical relationship between the duration of illness and severity of depression. There was also a significant correlation between severity of depression and frequency of hospitalization. Children who had been hospitalized more than 3 times in the last year, experienced more severe levels of depression. We also found a significant correlation between pubertal age and severity of depressionin patients with cancers and chronic renal failure.ConclusionChildren who are hospitalized due to chronic conditions are at a higher risk for mood disorders in comparison with the ones with acute conditions. It is therefore advisable to consider more practical plans to improve the care for hospitalizedchildren’s mental health.ReferencesKessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Merikangas KR, Walters EE. Lifetime prevalence and age-ofonset distributions of dsm-iv disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005;62(6):593-602.Rutter M. Relationship between mental disorders in children and adulthood. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1995;91(2):73-85.Naerde A, Tambs K, Mathiesen KS Dalgard OS. Symptoms of anxiety and depression among mothers of pre-school children: effect of chronic strain related to children and child care-taking. J affect Discord 2000;58(3):181-99Ernest J, Weissflog G, Brahler E, Romer G, Götze H. Depression in children of cancer patients over time and dependence of parental distress. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr 2012;61(6):432-46.Gordijn MS, van Listenburg RR, Gemke RJ, Huisman J. Sleep, fatigue, depression, and quality of life in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60(3):479-85.De Sousa A. Psychiatric issues in renal failure and dialysis. Indian J Nephrol 2008;18(2):47-50Bakr A, Amr M, Sarhan A, Hammad A. Psychiatric disorders in children with chronic renal failure. Pediatr Nephrol 2007;22(1):128-31.Goldstein SL, Rosburg NM, Warady BA, Seikaly M, McDonald R, Limbers C, et al. Pediatric end stage renal disease health-related quality of life differs by modality: a PedsQL ESRD analysis. Pediatr Nephrol 2009;24(8):1553-60.Thomalla G, Barkmann C, Romer G. Psychosocial symptoms in children of hemodialysis patients. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr 2005;54(5):399-416.Laffond C, Dellatolas G, Alapetite C, Puget S, Grill J, Habrand JL, et al. Quality of life, mood and executive functioning after childhood craniopharyngioma treated with surgery and proton beam therapy. Brain Inj 2012;26(3):270-81.Chung TK, Lynch ER, Fiser CJ, Nelson DA, Agricola K, Tudor C, et al. Psychiatric coomorbidity and treatment response in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex. Ann Clin Psychiatry 2011;23(4):263-9.Kinahan KE, Sharp LK, Seidel K, Leisenring W, Didwania A, Lacouture ME, et al. Scarring, disfigurement, and quality of life in long-term survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor study. J Clin Oncol 2012;30(20):2466-74.Adduci A, Jankovic M, Strazzer S, Massimino M, Clerici C, Poggi G. Parent-child communication and psychological adjustment in children with a brain tumor. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59(2):290-4Szabo A, Mezei G, Kovari E, Cserhati E. Depressive symptoms amongst asthmatic children caregivers. Peditr Allergy Immunol 2012;21(4 Pt 2):e667-73.Arabiat DH, Elliot B, Draper P. The prevalence of depression in pediatric oncology patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment in Jordan. Pediatr Oncol Nurs 2012;29(5):283-8.Li HC, Williams PD, Lopez V, Chung JO. Relationships among therapy-related symptoms, depressive symptoms, and quality of life in Chinese children hospitalized with cancer: an exploratory study. Cancer Nurs 2013;36(5):346-54

Drilling Performance Monitoring and Optimization: A Data-driven Approach

Abstract Drilling performance monitoring and optimization are crucial in increasing the overall NPV of an oil and gas project. Even after rigorous planning, drilling phase of any project can be hindered by unanticipated problems, such as bit balling. The objective of this paper is to implement artifcial intelligence technique to develop a smart model for more accurate and robust real-time drilling performance monitoring and optimization. For this purpose, the back propagation, feed forward neural network model was developed to predict rate of penetration (ROP) using diferent input parameters such as weight on bit, rotations per minute, mud fow (GPM) and diferential pressures. The heavy hitter features identifcation and dimensionality reduction are performed to understand the impacts of each of the drilling parameters on ROP. This will be used to optimize the input parameters for model development and validation and performing the operation optimization when bit is underperforming. The model is frst developed based on the drilling experiments performed in the laboratory and then extended to feld applications. From both laboratory and feld test data provided, we have proved that the data-driven model built using multilayer perceptron technique can be successfully used for drilling performance monitoring and optimization, especially identifying the bit malfunction or failure, i.e., bit balling. We have shown that the ROP has complex relationship with other drilling variables which cannot be captured using conventional statistical approaches or from diferent empirical models. The data-driven approach combined with statistical regression analysis provides better understanding of relationship between variables and prediction of ROP

Screening COVID-19 Based on CT/CXR Images & Building a Publicly Available CT-scan Dataset of COVID-19

The rapid outbreak of COVID-19 threatens humans life all around the world. Due to insufficient diagnostic infrastructures, developing an accurate, efficient, inexpensive, and quick diagnostic tool is of great importance. As chest radiography, such as chest X-ray (CXR) and CT computed tomography (CT), is a possible way for screening COVID-19, developing an automatic image classification tool is immensely helpful for detecting the patients with COVID-19. To date, researchers have proposed several different screening methods; however, none of them could achieve a reliable and highly sensitive performance yet. The main drawbacks of current methods are the lack of having enough training data, low generalization performance, and a high rate of false-positive detection. To tackle such limitations, this study firstly builds a large-size publicly available CT-scan dataset, consisting of more than 13k CT-images of more than 1000 individuals, in which 8k images are taken from 500 patients infected with COVID-19. Secondly, we propose a deep learning model for screening COVID-19 using our proposed CT dataset and report the baseline results. Finally, we extend the proposed CT model for screening COVID-19 from CXR images using a transfer learning approach. The experimental results show that the proposed CT and CXR methods achieve the AUC scores of 0.886 and 0.984 respectively

Effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Artemisia aucheri on castor oil-induced diarrhea in male rat

زمینه و هدف: اسهال یکی از مشکلات بهداشتی در سراسر جهان و یکی از شایع ترین علل مرگ در کودکان است. در این پژوهش اثر عصاره درمنه کوهی (aucheri Artemisia) بر اسهال ایجاد شده توسط روغن کرچک مطالعه شده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی 30 سر موش صحرایی نر به پنج گروه مساوی شامل گروه های دریافت کننده عصاره با دوزهای 50، 100 و 200 (mg/kg)، دیفنوکسیلات (mg/kg 5) و گروه شاهد یا حلال (سرم فیزیولوژی) تقسیم شدند. یک ساعت پس از خوراندن داروها یا حلال در حجم ml/kg 10، روغن کرچک به مقدار 2 میلی لیتر به هر حیوان از طریق یک کاتتر دهانی- معدی داده شد. سپس دفع حیوان جداگانه در قفس به مدت پنج ساعت مشاهده شد و کیفیت، تعداد دفعات و وزن مدفوع تعیین گردید. داده ها با استفاده از آزمون ANOVA و تست تعقیبی Tukey آنالیز شدند و 05/0P< به عنوان اختلاف معنی دار در نظر گرفته شد. یافته ها: دیفنوکسیلات و دوزهای mg/kg 100 و mg/kg 200 درمنه، درصد کاهش وزن حیوانات، تعداد دفعات دفع و وزن کل مدفوع را کاهش دادند (05/0

Hydrogen Peroxide Preconditioning Promotes Protective Effects of Umbilical Cord Vein Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Experimental Pulmonary Fibrosis

Purpose Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disorder with few available treatments. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy (MSCT), an innovative approach, has high therapeutic potential when used to treat IPF. According to recent data, preconditioning of MSCs can improve their therapeutic effects. Our research focuses on investigating the anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects of H2O2-preconditioned MSCs (p-MSCs) on mice with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Methods Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were induced with PF by intratracheal (IT) instillation of bleomycin (4 U/kg). Human umbilical cord vein-derived MSCs (hUCV-MSCs) were isolated and exposed to a sub-lethal concentration (15 pM for 24 h) of H2O2 in vitro. One week following the injection of bleomycin, MSCs or p-MSCs were injected (IT) into the experimental PF. The survival rate and weight of mice were recorded, and 14 days after MSCs injection, all mice were sacrificed. Lung tissue was removed from these mice to examine the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, histopathological changes (hematoxylin-eosin and Masson\u27s trichrome) and expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) through immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. Results Compared to the PF+MSC group, p-MSCs transplantation results in significantly decreased connective tissue () and collagen deposition. Additionally, it is determined that lung tissue in the PF+pMSC group has increased alveolar space () and diminished expression of TGF-β1 and α-SMA. Conclusion The results demonstrate that MSCT using p-MSCs decreases inflammatory and fibrotic factors in bleomycin-induced PF, while also able to increase the therapeutic potency of MSCT in IPF

Validity of self-reported substance use : research setting versus primary health care setting

Funding Information: This study has been supported by the Vice Chancellery for Research & Technology of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. The context of this article are the views of the authors and the funder had no role in design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, decision to publish and writing the manuscript. Acknowledgments The Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences provided funding for this study. Also we thank the people who participated in the study.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

The unfinished agenda of communicable diseases among children and adolescents before the COVID-19 pandemic, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

BACKGROUND: Communicable disease control has long been a focus of global health policy. There have been substantial reductions in the burden and mortality of communicable diseases among children younger than 5 years, but we know less about this burden in older children and adolescents, and it is unclear whether current programmes and policies remain aligned with targets for intervention. This knowledge is especially important for policy and programmes in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to use the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 to systematically characterise the burden of communicable diseases across childhood and adolescence. METHODS: In this systematic analysis of the GBD study from 1990 to 2019, all communicable diseases and their manifestations as modelled within GBD 2019 were included, categorised as 16 subgroups of common diseases or presentations. Data were reported for absolute count, prevalence, and incidence across measures of cause-specific mortality (deaths and years of life lost), disability (years lived with disability [YLDs]), and disease burden (disability-adjusted life-years [DALYs]) for children and adolescents aged 0-24 years. Data were reported across the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and across time (1990-2019), and for 204 countries and territories. For HIV, we reported the mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) as a measure of health system performance. FINDINGS: In 2019, there were 3·0 million deaths and 30·0 million years of healthy life lost to disability (as measured by YLDs), corresponding to 288·4 million DALYs from communicable diseases among children and adolescents globally (57·3% of total communicable disease burden across all ages). Over time, there has been a shift in communicable disease burden from young children to older children and adolescents (largely driven by the considerable reductions in children younger than 5 years and slower progress elsewhere), although children younger than 5 years still accounted for most of the communicable disease burden in 2019. Disease burden and mortality were predominantly in low-SDI settings, with high and high-middle SDI settings also having an appreciable burden of communicable disease morbidity (4·0 million YLDs in 2019 alone). Three cause groups (enteric infections, lower-respiratory-tract infections, and malaria) accounted for 59·8% of the global communicable disease burden in children and adolescents, with tuberculosis and HIV both emerging as important causes during adolescence. HIV was the only cause for which disease burden increased over time, particularly in children and adolescents older than 5 years, and especially in females. Excess MIRs for HIV were observed for males aged 15-19 years in low-SDI settings. INTERPRETATION: Our analysis supports continued policy focus on enteric infections and lower-respiratory-tract infections, with orientation to children younger than 5 years in settings of low socioeconomic development. However, efforts should also be targeted to other conditions, particularly HIV, given its increased burden in older children and adolescents. Older children and adolescents also experience a large burden of communicable disease, further highlighting the need for efforts to extend beyond the first 5 years of life. Our analysis also identified substantial morbidity caused by communicable diseases affecting child and adolescent health across the world. FUNDING: The Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Centre for Research Excellence for Driving Investment in Global Adolescent Health and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

The global, regional, and national burden of adult lip, oral, and pharyngeal cancer in 204 countries and territories:A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Importance Lip, oral, and pharyngeal cancers are important contributors to cancer burden worldwide, and a comprehensive evaluation of their burden globally, regionally, and nationally is crucial for effective policy planning.Objective To analyze the total and risk-attributable burden of lip and oral cavity cancer (LOC) and other pharyngeal cancer (OPC) for 204 countries and territories and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) using 2019 Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study estimates.Evidence Review The incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to LOC and OPC from 1990 to 2019 were estimated using GBD 2019 methods. The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate the proportion of deaths and DALYs for LOC and OPC attributable to smoking, tobacco, and alcohol consumption in 2019.Findings In 2019, 370 000 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 338 000-401 000) cases and 199 000 (95% UI, 181 000-217 000) deaths for LOC and 167 000 (95% UI, 153 000-180 000) cases and 114 000 (95% UI, 103 000-126 000) deaths for OPC were estimated to occur globally, contributing 5.5 million (95% UI, 5.0-6.0 million) and 3.2 million (95% UI, 2.9-3.6 million) DALYs, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, low-middle and low SDI regions consistently showed the highest age-standardized mortality rates due to LOC and OPC, while the high SDI strata exhibited age-standardized incidence rates decreasing for LOC and increasing for OPC. Globally in 2019, smoking had the greatest contribution to risk-attributable OPC deaths for both sexes (55.8% [95% UI, 49.2%-62.0%] of all OPC deaths in male individuals and 17.4% [95% UI, 13.8%-21.2%] of all OPC deaths in female individuals). Smoking and alcohol both contributed to substantial LOC deaths globally among male individuals (42.3% [95% UI, 35.2%-48.6%] and 40.2% [95% UI, 33.3%-46.8%] of all risk-attributable cancer deaths, respectively), while chewing tobacco contributed to the greatest attributable LOC deaths among female individuals (27.6% [95% UI, 21.5%-33.8%]), driven by high risk-attributable burden in South and Southeast Asia.Conclusions and Relevance In this systematic analysis, disparities in LOC and OPC burden existed across the SDI spectrum, and a considerable percentage of burden was attributable to tobacco and alcohol use. These estimates can contribute to an understanding of the distribution and disparities in LOC and OPC burden globally and support cancer control planning efforts