AbstractProblem setting: Lack of the necessary skills and unsuitable relationship between spouses, are concerned as factors of continuation in addiction. This research has been done in order to define the effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioral intervention of the spouses on the reversion prediction of the people in methadone therapy. Method: 70 addicted people who had come to “Omid Desertion Center” in Iran-lahijan, were studied by DASS21, and RPS standard measures and CRQ, WRQ, CRI, and AQ questionnaires in this research. Among these people, 30 addicted subjects, who had the criterion for this study, were selected randomly and put into two groups of experimental and controlled group, each with 15 people. The experimental group was in an experiment of cognitive-behavioral intervention for 12 sessions of 90minutes. At the end, both groups were assessed by the same mentioned questionnaires one more time months, they answered to the RPS standard measure. The data were analyzed by the co-variance (ANCOVA, MANCOVA) statistical method. The results: The results showed a significant difference between the two groups in reversion prediction of the people in theory and the management of stress, anger and worry, and coping skills (problem focused) and not significant in coping skills (emotion focused) and negotiation and solving the probl ems in their spouses. Conclusion: The results of the study show that group cognitive – behavioral intervention on the spouses is an effective method for reversion prediction of the people in methadone therapy

Ebrahimi, Soodabeh

Rahmani, M. Ali

Zarbakhsh, M. Reza

Elsevier - Publisher Connector 

 Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences  84 ( 2013 )  939 – 943 
1877-0428 © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license. 
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Prof. Dr. Huseyin Uzunboylu & Dr. Mukaddes Demirok, Near East University, Cyprus
doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.678 
On the effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioral intervention of 
the spouses on the reversion prediction of the people in methadone 
therapy 
Soodabeh Ebrahimia* M.Ali RahmanibM.Reza Zarbakhshc 
abc Department psychology of Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon,  Mazandaran , Iran  
Abstract  
Problem setting: Lack of the necessary skills and unsuitable relationship between spouses, are concerned as factors of 
continuation in addiction. This research has been done in order to define the effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioral 
intervention of the spouses on the reversion prediction of the people in methadone therapy. Method: 70 addicted people who had 
-lahijan, were studied by DASS21, and RPS standard measures and CRQ, WRQ, CRI, 
and AQ questionnaires in this research. Among these people, 30 addicted subjects, who had the criterion for this study, were 
selected randomly and put into two groups of experimental and controlled group, each with 15 people. The experimental group 
was in an experiment of cognitive-behavioral intervention for 12 sessions of 90 minutes. At the end, both groups were assessed 
by the same mentioned questionnaires one more time months, they answered to the RPS standard measure. The data were 
analyzed by the co-variance (ANCOVA, MANCOVA) statistical method. The results: The results showed a significant difference 
between the two groups in reversion prediction of the people in theory and the management of stress, anger and worry, and 
coping skills (problem focused) and not significant in coping skills (emotion focused) and negotiation  and solving the problems  
in their spouses. Conclusion: The results of the study show that group cognitive  behavioral intervention on the spouses is an 
effective method for reversion prediction of the people in methadone therapy. 
Keywords: cognitive  behavioral intervention, reversion prediction, relapse, addiction, addicted; 
1. Introduction  
Lack of necessary skills and unsuitable relationship between spouses, are concerned as factors of continuation in 
addiction. In fact a patient, who abuses drugs, is always a part in the system of a family, and affects or is affected by 
this system. (Newcamd, 1992, reported by Besharat, Mirzamani, pour Hossein, 2002). Addiction is a disease which 
has damaged family relations a lot. In a chaotic family there will be a lot of disagreements and it may be difficult to 
solve them. The family members should learn how to enjoy from being together and solve their problems in order to 
increase family constancy. If members of a family have more positive reactions in their relationship, they will have a 
a . ebrahimi353@yahoo.com
3rd World Conference on Psychology, Counselling and Guidance (WCPCG-2012)
© 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer review under the responsibility of  Dr. Melehat Halat
Corresponding author nam: Soodabeh Ebrahimi. Tel.: +00 000000
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
© 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license. 
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Prof. Dr. Huseyin Uzunboylu & Dr. Mukaddes Demirok, Near East University, Cyprus
940   Soodabeh Ebrahimi et al.  /  Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences  84 ( 2013 )  939 – 943 
more supporting feeling too. The family members should know that by their incorrect behavior (forcing an addicted 
person who is deserting or deserted the drugs or not paying attention to him) may cause a relapse in his situation, 
definite treatment for addiction and relapse may always happen. But by the passage of time and a change in the 
lifestyle, the probability of that will decrease (Farhady, 2005). 
Concerning the serious for need for psychotherapy and specific training families in therapeutic centers, and 
having little research done on the effectiveness of group cognitive  behavioral intervention on the reversion 
probability, this research has been done in order to investigate the effectiveness of group cognitive  behavioral 
intervention of the spouses on the reversion prediction of the people in methadone therapy. 
2. Method 
2.1. Participants and research design 
Concerning the objective and hypothesis , this study is an experimental research and will be done by the pre-test 
post-test design for the controlled group. The participants in this study were among the patients ( addicted people ) 
who come to the Omid therapeutic center in Iran-lahijan with their spouses who had been in methadone therapy 
from October to the end of November in 2010. There were 70 people and the participants of the study were 30 
selected randomly from the experimental group and 15 people were selected randomly for the controlled group. 
2.2. Instruments 
2.2.1. Reversion Prediction Scale ( RPS ) 
In order to investigate the tendency towards the drug usage , the reversion prediction scale ( RPS ) was used 
(Wright, 1991 ) This test contains two subscales with 45 items which is answered on the basis of Likert Spectrum 
(scoring 0-4). The calculated reliability of subscale ( 
usage probability ) is 0/94 , and for the subscale ( desire intensity ) is 0/97. The correlation between the two 
mentioned subscales bye the usage of the correlation method ( r=0/85 ) , also shows a significant relationship ( 
p<0/0001 ) (Reported by Mehrabi , 2005 ). 
Depression , Anxiety and Stress Scale ( DASS  21 ) 
To assess depression , anxiety and stress intensity , DASS test was prepared (Lovibond, 1999 ) . This test has a 
been used in this study , in a group of 400 people from the population of Mashhad , for depression is 0/77 , anxiety 
0/66 and stress 0/76.  
2.2.2. BASS Aggression Questionnaire ( AQ )  
This questionnaire contains 29 items , assessment and aggression in 4 subscales : physical aggression , verbal 
aggression , anger and hostility , which has been  prepared by Arnold H. BASS and has had a wide usage . This 
questionnaire has a good internal consistency . The Alpha coefficient for the subscales for the subscales physical 
aggression , verbal aggression , anger and hostility is as follows : 0/89 , 0/85 , 0/72 , and 0/83 and the total Alpha 
coefficient of the questionnaire is 0/89. This questionnaire is a reliable and consistent instrument. 
2.2.3. Checking Response Inventory ( CRI ) 
In order to gain an easy and reliable way assess checking responses , billings and moos studied a number of 
adults for a period of time and prepared a questionnaire with 19 items . In this study , a questionnaire has been used 
of 32 items , which has been prepared by Braheni and Mousavi by making multiple choices in the questions in 1992. 
Then Mr. Hosseini Ghadamgahi calculated the reliability coefficient as 0/795 by retesting for the total score.  
941 Soodabeh Ebrahimi et al.  /  Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences  84 ( 2013 )  939 – 943 
2.2.4. Relapse Worrying Questionnaire ( WRQ ) 
In order to assess the worrying rate from the relapse in the spouses of the people in methadone therapy , a 
questionnaire called relapse worrying questionnaire , was prepared and after applying the test on 30 people among 
spouses of the people in methadone therapy , the validity of 0/81 by the usage of cro
questionnaire has a correlation whit the worrying questionnaire on the state of Pensylvania  ( r = 0/62 ). 
2.2.5. Conflict Resolution Questionnaire ( CRQ ) 
This questionnaire is an instrument to measure conflict resolution ideas and the ability of the person to create and 
give effective solutions for the conflict in the general population which is prepared by Viks and Fisher 1994, 
Ory,1991 ) . After applying the test for 30 subjects among the spouses of the people in methadone therapy  its 
 
2.3. Instruments 
The spouses of the people in methadone therapy ( both experimental and controlled group ) completed DASS 
scale (Lovibond, 1999), DRI questionnaire (billings, moos, 1981) AQ questionnaire (Bass, 1992), WRQ 
questionnaire (Ebrahimi, 2010), CRQ questionnaire (Viks and Fisher 1994, Ory, 1991) , and the people in 
methadone therapy completed RPS scale (Wright, 1991). After the inversion for 12 sessions of 90 minutes , the 
spouse of the people in methadone therapy , completed the same questionnaire again and the people in methadone 
therapy answered RPS questionnaire again after 3 months from the last session of intervention . 
3. Results  
Concerning the research design and hypothesis , the data were analyzed by co  variance statistical method ( for 
more than one variable ) ( Moncova ) and co-variance one-way ( Ancova ). 
 behavioral intervention of the spouses 
on reversion prediction of the people in methadone therapy. 
Table 1: covariance analysis ( for more than one variable ) F ratio for measuring the compound variable (reversion prediction rate) 
Source Value F ( 2-25 ) Sig. Eta 
Compound variable  
    ( reversion prediction ) 0/740 4/383 0/023 0/260 
Note : F ratio in compound variables is calculated by   approximation. 
Concerning the results of the Moncova , the relationship is significant. 
relationship between group cognitive  behavioral intervention and stress 
management of the spouses of the people in methadone therapy. 
Table2: co-variance analysis (For more than one variable) F ratio for measuring compound variable stress management.  
Source Value F (2-23) Sig. Eta 
Compound variable 
(stress management) 
0/702 4/875 0/017 0/298 
942   Soodabeh Ebrahimi et al.  /  Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences  84 ( 2013 )  939 – 943 
   
Concerning the results of the Moncova (as shown in the table), the relationship is significant. 
 behavioral intervention and anger 
management of the spouses of the people in methadone therapy. 
Table3: The summary of the co-variance analysis of anger management in experimental and controlled group for the interactive effect test . 
Source Sum of squares df Mean square F Sig. Eta 
anger management 1393/944 1 1393/944 12/575 0/002 0/335 
The result of the Moncova (as shown in table 3), show a significant relationship in this case. 
Hypothesis 4: The summary of the co-variance analysis of coping skills (problem-focused) in experimental and 
controlled group by eliminating the interactive effect. 
Table4: The summary of the co-variance analysis of anger management in experimental and controlled group for the interactive effect test . 
Source Sum of squares df Mean square F Sig. Eta 
Coping skills 67/063 1 67/072 14/072 0/001 0/360 
The results of the Aoncova (as shown in table 4), shows that the relationship is significant. 
 behavioral intervention and worrying 
management of the spouses of the people in methadone therapy. 
Table5: The summary of the co-variance analysis of worrying  management in experimental and controlled group for the interactive effect test . 
Source Sum of squares df Mean square F Sig. Eta 
Worrying management 388/748 1 388/748 6/523 0/017 0/207 
The results of the Ancova (as shown in table 5), shows that group cognitive-behavioral intervention increases 
their worrying management. 
 behavioral intervention and discussion 
and solving the problems of the spouses of the people in methadone therapy. 
The results of the Ancova showed that the relationship is not significantly different. 
4. Discussion 
This study has been done on the effectiveness of group cognitive  behavioral intervention of the spouses on the 
reversion prediction of the people in methadone therapy. The results of the study showed that a group cognitive  
behavioral intervention of the spouses is effective on the people in methadone therapy. In other words, the 
probability of the usage has significantly decreased in the experimental group who had participated in therapy 
session that shows the effectiveness of these interventions on reversion prediction in addicted people. The results of 
this study are consistent with the studied of Karimi and Eskandari,(2003) reported by Golestani, (2008), Mehrabi, 
(2005), Liddle, Dakof, Tumer and Henderson(2008),McCrady, Epstein, cook, Hildenbrandt(2009), Henderson, 
Dakof, Greenbuam and Liddle (2010). The role of the family to start and continue the usage after the treatment, has 
 
943 Soodabeh Ebrahimi et al.  /  Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences  84 ( 2013 )  939 – 943 
been approved in different studies. This is also emphasized that reversion towards the drugs, brings the spouses 
under more pressure. Therefore the results of the study showed that a group cognitive  behavioral intervention is 
effective in stress, anger, worry management and coping skills (problem-focused) of the spouses of the people in 
methadone therapy. The results of this study are  (2003), 
Drapkin, McCrady, Swingle and Epstein (2005), Munaf, S Dultana, Zubair, Ali and Agha (2006), copllo, Templeton 
e, Orford, Velleman, Patel, Moore, Mascleod and Godfrey (2009), Templeton, Velleman and Russel (2010). The 
results showed that the people in methadone therapy could reduce the probability of their usage after their spouses 
were in controlled group and intervention. 
After their spouses could manage their stress, anger and coping skills (problem-focus) and their worrying, and 
therefore have a better behavior, less tension and be more relaxed, the probability of the drug usage reduced in 
ore responsible for their treatment. So with these interventions we 
can obtain reversion prediction. 
The limitation of this study was as follows, these interventions have been done just for the spouses of the people 
in methadone therapy and there were no intervention for other patients with other treatments (Clonidine, boproxin). 
Only the patients with opiate abuse were in this study and also there were no interventions for the patients who used 
other opiates like (Amphetamine, Methamphetamine and Etc). 
Acknowledgements 
I would like to express my special thanks to Dr. M. Ali goudarzi and  Mr. Javad Hoseini Ghadamgahi, Mr. A. 
Akbar Samadi
people Who in Omid therapeutic center in Lahijan and also the patients and their families who helped me in this 
study. 
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On the Effectiveness of Group Cognitive-behavioral Intervention of the Spouses on the Reversion Prediction of the People in Methadone Therapy 

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On the Effectiveness of Group Cognitive-behavioral Intervention of the Spouses on the Reversion Prediction of the People in Methadone Therapy

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