Numerical Solution and Stability for Model of Extensible Beam

In this paper, numerical methods (finite differences methods for explicit and implicit) has been applied, to solve nonlinear partial differential equations. In methodology, the beam was divided into very smaller squares, then the study discussed three partial differential equations generating from model. The first equation called longitudinal vibrations of a beam, second equation known as transverse vibrations of a beam and then the third equation considered the extensible beam. The equation of extensible beam was defined by Woiniwsky- Krieger as a model for transverse deflection of an extensible beam of natural length. The study discussed the stability of these models (longitudinal vibrations, transverse vibrations and extensible beams). The stability solution has been counted and considered unconditionally for implicit method, but it's conditional for an explicit method. Obtaining the stability and convergent solution for longitudinal vibrations of a beam if width divisions is less than length divisions (

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Depression among Adult Type 2 Diabetic Patients at Al-Jemaih Diabetic Center, Dongola, Northern State, Sudan, 2019

Background: Type 2 diabetes and depression are common diseases with bidirectional associations. Depression in diabetics leads to poor adherence to diet and medication, poor glycemic control, reduced quality of life, and increased diabetes-related healthcare expenditure. This study aimed at evaluating diabetic patients with depression to improve the quality of care delivered. Materials and Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among adult type 2 diabetics at Al-Jemaih Diabetic Center, Dongola, in July–December 2019A standardized pretested questionnaire was used to collect data, and the depression subscale of the Patient Health Questionnaire was used to diagnose depression. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to analyze the data using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25.0. Results: Out of the 407 participants, 282 (69.3%) were females, and more than half were aged between 40 and 59 years. The prevalence of depression among type 2 diabetic patients was 35.6%, ranging from mild (24.3%) to moderate (7.4%), moderately severe (2.2%), and severe depression (1.7%). The risk factors associated with depression in type 2 diabetes were: combining antidiabetic therapy, long duration of diabetes, family history of psychiatric illness, diabetes-related complications, poor glycemic control, and lack of regular exercise. Conclusion: More than a third of type 2 diabetics have depression. Screening diabetic patients for depression, establishing a psychiatric unit at the diabetic center, and community-based studies are recommended. Key words: diabetes mellitus, depression, Dongola, Northern Stat

A dimensão comunicativa dos elementos de design gráfico - Como infográficos

The purpose of the current study is to address a research question about the role that visual design elements have in communication. The data were collected based on their technical relevance, which highlights the general description of the field of research that includes graphics, infographics in the field of communication, and elements of visual design Review of the relevant literature and concepts: To begin with, we must consider the communication aspects of the design in order to produce truly successful visual design elements. The communicative dimension of graphic design elements such as infographics are invaluable in conveying information in a clear and engaging way. Two opened the way for the expansion of the use of visual elements in the manufacture of the media message. This study discusses the communicative dimensions of visual design elements, in general, and infographics in particular, as infographic is part of information visualization. This study discusses the communicative dimensions of visual design elements, in general, and infographics in particular, as Infographic is part of information visualization, in addition to that it is a research field related to communication as it focuses on patterns and trends in abstract data sets, and the field of infographic design, and information visualization combines the concepts of computer science, data mining, cognitive sciences and graphic design, this is important in controlling and measuring the quality of communication because the ability to collect, store and manage data, despite the increasing pace of its updating, remains our ability On their understanding relatively constant. The size, shape, and color of visual design elements can also play a role in communication. According to the results obtained, it was determined that the use of graphs as a visual communication tool was effective in evaluation, understanding and continuity.El objetivo del presente estudio es abordar una pregunta de investigación sobre el papel que juegan los elementos de diseño visual en la comunicación. Los datos fueron recolectados en base a su relevancia técnica, en la que se destaca la descripción general del campo de investigación que incluye gráficos, infografías en el campo de la comunicación y elementos de diseño visual Revisión de la literatura y conceptos relevantes: Para empezar, debemos considerar los aspectos de comunicación del diseño para producir elementos de diseño visual verdaderamente exitosos. La dimensión comunicativa de los elementos de diseño gráfico, como las infografías, es invaluable para transmitir información de una manera clara y atractiva. Dos allanaron el camino para expandir el uso de elementos visuales en la fabricación del mensaje mediático. Este estudio discute las dimensiones comunicativas de los elementos de diseño visual, en general, y de la infografía en particular, ya que la infografía es parte de la visualización de información. Este estudio discute las dimensiones comunicativas de los elementos de diseño visual, en general, y de la infografía en particular, ya que la infografía es parte de la visualización de información, además de ser un campo de investigación relacionado con la comunicación, ya que se enfoca en patrones y tendencias en conjuntos de datos abstractos, y el campo del diseño infográfico y la visualización de información combina los conceptos de informática, minería de datos, ciencia cognitiva y diseño gráfico, esto es importante para controlar y medir la calidad de la comunicación porque la capacidad de recopilar, almacenar y administrar datos, a pesar del ritmo cada vez mayor de su actualización, nuestra capacidad para entenderlo se mantiene relativamente constante. El tamaño, la forma y el color de los elementos de diseño visual también pueden desempeñar un papel en la comunicación. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos se determinó que el uso de gráficos como herramienta de comunicación visual fue efectivo en la evaluación, comprensión y continuidad.O objetivo do presente estudo, é abordar uma questão de pesquisa sobre o papel que os elementos de design visual têm na comunicação. Os dados foram coletados com base em sua relevância técnica, que destaca a descrição geral do campo de pesquisa que inclui gráficos, infográficos no campo da comunicação e elementos de design visual Revisão da literatura e conceitos relevantes: Para começar, devemos considere os aspectos de comunicação do design para produzir elementos de design visual verdadeiramente bem-sucedidos. A dimensão comunicativa dos elementos de design gráfico, como infográficos, é inestimável para transmitir informações de maneira clara e envolvente. Dois abriram caminho para a ampliação do uso de elementos visuais na fabricação da mensagem midiática. Este estudo discute as dimensões comunicativas dos elementos de design visual, em geral, e dos infográficos em particular, visto que o infográfico faz parte da visualização da informação. Este estudo discute as dimensões comunicativas dos elementos de design visual, em geral, e infográficos em particular, já que o infográfico faz parte da visualização de informações, além de ser um campo de pesquisa relacionado à comunicação, pois enfoca padrões e tendências em conjuntos de dados abstratos, e o campo do design infográfico e visualização de informações combina os conceitos de ciência da computação, mineração de dados, ciências cognitivas e design gráfico, isso é importante para controlar e medir a qualidade da comunicação porque a capacidade de coletar, armazenar e gerenciar dados, apesar o ritmo crescente de sua atualização, permanece nossa capacidade de compreensão relativamente constante. O tamanho, a forma e a cor dos elementos de design visual também podem desempenhar um papel na comunicação. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, foi determinado que o uso de gráficos como ferramenta de comunicação visual foi eficaz na avaliação, compreensão e continuidade

Role of Amblyomma lepidum in the transmission of Mycobacterium farcinogenes, the causal agent of Bovine farcy

ABSTRACT The present study was conducted to investigate the role of Amblyomma lepidum in the transmission of Mycobacterium farcinogenes, the causal agent of bovine farcy in Sudan. A total of 22 samples comprising of prescapular, submaxillary, mediastinal, parotid, retropharengeal and pulmonary lymph nodes, and subcutaneous nodules were collected for this study. M. farcinogenes was successfully isolated from the specimens by following traditional bacteriological techniques, and the bacteria were identified using standard biochemical assays, lipid analysis using Thin Layer Chromatography, and duplex Polymerase Chain Reaction. Larvae and nymphs of A. lepidum acquired M. farcinogenes from experimentally infected rabbits, and subsequently transmitted the infection to fresh rabbits within a maximum period of ten weeks. In contrast, adult A. lepidum failed to contract the organism from the infected rabbits; so, trans-ovarian transmission could be ruled out. In conclusion, this study confirmed the trans-stadial transmission of M. farcinogenes through larvae and nymphs of A. lepidum

Wilt and/or root rot disease incidence on growth & yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) affected by residues of some plants

Field experiments were conducted during winter seasons of 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 at Agricultural Research Farm, Secondary School for girls, Marawi, Northern State, Sudan, to evaluate the efficacy of five organic amendments viz., Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves, Argel (Solanostemma argel) shoot, Lemongrass(cymbopogon citratus) upper parts of the plant, Spearmint(Mentha spicata) shoots, and Basil (Ocimum gratissimum) shoots and Benomyl (BioneelR) fungicide for the control of wilt and /or root rot disease of chickpea crop caused by Fusarium. oxysporum f. sp.. ciceris, and Fusarium solani f. sp. ciceris. Data on the disease incidence, number of affected plants and yield components were collected and analyzed statistically according to Duncan´s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) for interpretation of the results. The results revealed thatArgel, Neem and Spearmint were found to be effective on both cases of two varieties (Shendi and Burgeig) of chickpea crops tested in the field as compared to check (Control)

In vitro evaluation of essential oil and water extracts from some medicinal and aromatic plants on colony growth of some soil and seed borne plant pathogens.

The effects of essential oil extracts from Lemongrass (cymbopogon citratus), Spearmint (Mentha spicata), and Basil (Ocimum gratissimum) and water extracts from Neem (Azadirachta indica), Argel (Solanostemma argel) and Bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdlina), after mixing with artificial medium at three different levels (10%, 20%, and 30%) in vitro against the well-known chickpea pathogens; Fusarium oxysporum. f. sp. ciceris. Fusarium solani. f.sp. ciceris and Alternaria alternata. The colonies growth was significantly reduced, of course with slight variation of the effectiveness of extracts according to their concentration used. According to the results of these studies, the extracts from the above mentioned medicinal and aromatic plants have the significant ability to inhibit the colonies growth of the different studied fungi. Argel and Neem aqueous extracts were found to be the more effective than the others, while Bitter leaf extract had moderate effect on the colonies growth of the above mentioned fungi

EXPLORANDO O PAPEL DA UNIVERSIDADE PRÍNCIPE SATTAM BIN ABDULAZIZ NA ABORDAGEM DE CAUSAS E CONSEQUÊNCIAS DE FRUSTRAÇÃO ENTRE ESTUDANTES: UM ESTUDO DE CAMPO

Frustration among university students is a prevalent and often overwhelming emotion resulting from a variety of academic, personal, and social pressures, significantly impacting their overall college experience. This study aims to investigate the role of Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University in addressing the causes and consequences of students’ frustration. We employed a descriptive research methodology and surveyed 87 faculty members from the colleges of Wadi Al-Dawasir and Al-Sukayyia using an 18-item questionnaire. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods. The results indicated that, from the perspective of faculty members, the role of Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University in addressing the causes and consequences of student frustration was moderate. The dimensions of this role were ranked as follows: first, the university's role in raising students' awareness about the causes and consequences of frustration; second, the university's educational role; and third, the university's preventive role in alleviating student frustration. The study proposes a conceptual framework to activate the preventive, awareness-raising, and educational roles of Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University in addressing the issue of student frustration.A frustração entre os estudantes universitários é uma emoção predominante e muitas vezes avassaladora, resultante de uma variedade de pressões acadêmicas, pessoais e sociais, impactando significativamente a sua experiência universitária em geral. Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar o papel da Universidade Príncipe Sattam bin Abdulaziz na abordagem das causas e consequências da frustração dos estudantes. Empregamos uma metodologia de pesquisa descritiva e entrevistamos 87 professores das faculdades de Wadi Al-Dawasir e Al-Sukayyia usando um questionário de 18 itens. Os dados foram analisados utilizando métodos estatísticos apropriados. Os resultados indicaram que, do ponto de vista dos docentes, o papel da Universidade Príncipe Sattam bin Abdul Aziz na abordagem das causas e consequências da frustração dos estudantes foi moderado. As dimensões deste papel foram ordenadas da seguinte forma: primeiro, o papel da universidade na sensibilização dos estudantes sobre as causas e consequências da frustração; segundo, o papel educativo da universidade; e terceiro, o papel preventivo da universidade no alívio da frustração dos estudantes. O estudo propõe uma estrutura conceitual para ativar os papéis preventivos, de conscientização e educacionais da Universidade Príncipe Sattam bin Abdulaziz na abordagem da questão da frustração dos estudantes

Design and Construction Technique for Low Embodied Energy Building: An Analytical Network Process Approach

Energy performance in the construction industry is one of the significant features to be assessed in order to achieve sustainability in the built environment. There is a limited amount of literature on the analytical network process (ANP) in achieving sustainability towards reducing embodied energy. The aim of this study was to achieve buildings with less embodied energy through design, construction techniques and automation using ANP in order to promote sustainable construction. Data collection was primarily done by way of a well-structured questionnaire and an expert opinion survey. The responses retrieved from the questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ranked accordingly. An ANP model was developed using multi-criteria decision-making based on the expert survey and used to prioritize and assign an important weighting for the identified criteria. The findings showed that multi-criteria decision-making with ANP when effectively employed will help in achieving sustainable buildings with low embodied energy. Reducing the amount of cement through design and building information modeling is the most significant factor towards achieving buildings with less embodied energy

Indexing and Weighting of Multilingual and Mixed Documents

Non-English-speaking users, such as Arabic speakers, are not always able to express terminology in their native languages, especially in scientific domains. Such difficulty forces many Arabic authors and scholars to use English terms in order to explain precise concepts, particularly when they address technical topics, resulting in mixed/multilingual queries with both English and Arabic terms. Cross Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) allows users to search documents that are written in a language different from the query. However, current algorithms are optimized for monolingual queries, even if they are translated. This paper attempts to address the problem of multilingual querying in CLIR. New techniques that are better suited to the unique characteristics of this problem, in terms of indexing and weighting, are proposed. A new multilingual and mixed test collection containing mixed-language (Arabic and English) computer science documents and mixed-language queries has been created. Experimental results show that current CLIR techniques were not designed for these types of multilingual queries and documents and are found to perform poorly whereas the proposed techniques are found to be promising

THROMBOPROPHYLAXIS IMPACT IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING MAJOR ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY IN SUDAN

Objective: Venous thromboembolism is an important complication of major orthopedic surgery. The aim of present study was to investigate the efficacy of the currently used thromboprophylaxis protocol, determine the incidence of VTE post operatively and the risk factors behind it in patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study for 403 patients underwent major orthopedic surgery from July 2013 to July 2014 in main hospitals in Khartoum state where major orthopedic surgery performed. Data were collected using observation checklist and analyzed using SPSS version 22 to study the association between the type of surgery, patient’s risk factors, choice and duration of thromboprophylaxis and development of VTE after major orthopedic surgery. Results: Total 403 patients were incorporated the study, 2.73% were diagnosed with DVT developed within 5 days post operatively. 1.64% of the patients not received any type of thromboprophylaxis, 0.27% wore compression stocking. Pharmacological methods were used in the rest of the patients, 96.72% administered to them enoxaparine. 75.95% of the patients presented with one or more than one risk factors for VTE other than the orthopedic surgery. 4% of patients received thromboprophylaxis for more than 14 days while 96% received it for 3-5 days. The incidence of DVT was higher in diabetic patients (p- value= 0.03) and hypertensive (p- value= 0.046) who aged ≥60 years. Conclusion: Results showed that VTE was a significant complication of major orthopedic surgery, despite the use of thromboprophylaxis and the incidence was 2.73% in our study.                             Peer Review History: Received 13 June 2020; Revised 25 June; Accepted 6 July, Available online 15 July 2020 Academic Editor: Essam Mohamed Eissa, Beni-Suef University, Egypt, [email protected] UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file:                Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Michael Otakhor Erhunmwunse, St. Philomena Catholic Hospital, Nigeria, [email protected]  Francesco Ferrara, USL Umbria, Pharmacy Department, Perugia, Italy, [email protected]  Similar Articles: PREVALENCE OF CYTOMEGALOVIRUS IGG ANTIBODIES, POTENTIAL RISK FACTORS AND AWARENESS OF CONGENITAL CYTOMEGALOVIRUS AMONG FEMALE DOCTOR