Finding the discriminative frequencies of motor electroencephalography signal using genetic algorithm

A crucial part of the brain-computer interface is a classification of electroencephalography (EEG) motor tasks. Artifacts such as eye and muscle movements corrupt EEG signal and reduce the classification performance. Many studies try to extract not redundant and discriminative features from EEG signals. Therefore, this study proposed a signal preprocessing and feature extraction method for EEG classification. It consists of removing the artifacts by using discrete fourier transform (DFT) as an ideal filter for specific frequencies. It also cross-correlates the EEG channels with the effective channels to emphases the EEG motor signals. Then the resultant from cross correlation are statistical calculated to extract feature for classifying a left and right finger movements using support vector machine (SVM). The genetic algorithm was applied to find the discriminative frequencies of DFT for the two EEG classes signal. The performance of the proposed method was determined by finger movement classification of 13 subjects and the experiments show that the average accuracy is above 93 percent

Mn(II),Fe(III),Co(II)and Rh(III) complexes with azo ligand: Synthesis, characterization, thermal analysis and bioactivity

حضرت سلسلة لمعقدات ايونات المعادن من الليكاند الجديد 4- امينو (5- مثيل-ايكسازول-3- ايل)-بنزينسلفون اميد المشتقة من سلفاميثوكسازول و3- امينو فينول ، المعقدات احادية النوى لكل من المنغنيز الثنائي والحديد الثلاثي والكوبلت الثنائي والروديوم الثلاثيمن تفاعل الليكاند مع املاح ايونات المعادن. المركبات شخصت بأطياف تحت الحمراء وفوق البنفسجية –المرئية و الكتلة و الرنين النووي المغناطيسي للبروتون والكاربون ومنحنى التحلل الحراري الوزني والمسعر الحراري التفاضلي والحساسية المغناطيسية والتحليل الدقيق للعناصر ونسبة الايون ومحتوى الكلور والتوصيلية المولارية وفقا للدراسات التحليلية اعطت المعقدات شكل ثماني السطوح(1:2) (  ليكاند : فلز )  وبينت الدراسات الحرارية ان المعقدات تحوي جزيئات متناسقة.New series of metal ions complexes have been prepared from the new ligand [4-Amino-N-(5-methyl-isaxazol-3-yl)-benzenesulfonamide] derived from Sulfamethoxazole and 3-aminophenol. Accordingly, mono-nuclear Mn(II), Fe(III), Co (II), and Rh(III) complexes were prepared by the reaction of previous ligand with MnCl2.4H2O, CoCl2.6H2O, FeCl3.6H2O and RhCl3H2O, respectively. The compounds have been characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis), mass,  1H-, and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA& DSC) curve, Bohr magnetic (B.M.), elemental microanalyses, metal ions, chloride containing, and molar conductance.These reviews uncovered octahedral geometries for complexes. The investigation of complexes development by means at molar proportion andoccupation strategy in DMF solution has been researched, and results were reliable to those found in the solid complexes with a proportion of (M:L) as  (1:2)

A study of serious adverse drug reactions with antiepileptic drugs: a pharmacovigilance study

Background: Approximately 50 million people worldwide have epilepsy, making it one of the most common neurological diseases globally. There are currently more than 25 drugs in the market for the treatment of epilepsy, many of which have similar efficacy but differ in their tolerability profile. Besides unmatched beneficial potential of antiepileptic drugs, it is associated with many adverse reactions too. This study aims to identify the serious adverse reactions caused by prescribed antiepileptics, reported at the pharmacovigilance centre of government tertiary care centre.Methods: This is a retrospective, pharmacovigilance study of the antiepileptic drugs adverse reactions reported over a period of 1 year at a tertiary care centre.Results: A total of 120 ADRs of antiepileptic drugs were reported and collected at the pharmacovigilance centre. According to the WHO-ART system organ classification of ADRs, 78% of ADRs belonged to skin and appendages disorder. Based on the modified Hartwig and Siegel scale of severity, 60.8% ADRs were mild, 18.5% were moderate and 20.8 % were severe ADRs. The severe ADRs included: Steven-Johnson syndrome, Toxic epidermal necrolysis, Erythroderma, DRESS syndrome and Acute pancreatitis. Phenytoin has been found to be the antiepileptic drug causing the most number of severe ADRs amongst the prescribed antiepileptics. According to the modified Schumock and Thornton criteria most of the severe ADRs were not preventable.Conclusions: This study analyses the ADRs associated with antiepileptics reported at the pharmacovigilance centre. 20.8% ADRS were severe, this indicates that the epileptic patients should be closely monitored for ADRs, to avoid clinically significant harmful consequences. The awareness of ADRs would help physicians to identify patients with greater risk of ADRs and therefore, might benefit from ADRs monitoring and reporting programmes

The association of Human Leukocyte Antigens Complex with Type 1 Diabetes in Omanis

Background: Identifying the human leukocyte antigens (HLA) high risk alleles, genotypes and haplotypes in different populations is beneficial for understanding their roles in type 1 diabetes (T1D) pathogenesis and intervention practices. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify T1D associated HLA gene alleles in the Omani population. Methods: Our case-control study included 73 diabetic seropositive children (mean age 9.08±3.27 years) and 110 healthy controls. HLA–A, -B, -C, -DRB1, and -DQB1 genes were genotyped using sequence specific primer polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR). Results: Two HLA class I alleles (B*08, B*58) and three class II alleles (DQB1*02, DRB1*03 and DRB1*04) were associated with T1D susceptibility, while one class I (B*51) and three class II (DQB1*05, DQB1*06, and DRB1*16) alleles were associated with T1D protection. HLA- DRB1*03 and DQB1*02 alleles showed the strongest risk association among all alleles. Six DRB1 residues (E9, S11, S13, Y30, V70 and K71) were significantly associated with T1D susceptibility. Heterozygous genotypes, HLA-DRB1*03/*04 and DQB1*02/*03 were significantly associated with T1D susceptibility (P=4.29E-07, OR=63.2 and P=0.02, OR=3.6, respectively). Furthermore, we detected a significant combined action of DRB1*03-DQB1*02 haplotype in T1D risk (P=1.76E-05, OR=15), and DRB1*16-DQB1*05 haplotype in protection (P=3.12E-2, OR=0.48). Conclusion: Known HLA class II gene alleles are associated with T1D in Omani children. Keywords: Type 1 diabetes; human leukocytes antigens; zygosity; alleles; residues; haplotypes, case-control study; Oma

Managing Chronic Diseases in Family Medicine: Best practices and Evidence-Based Approaches

The management of chronic diseases within the realm of family medicine presents a multifaceted challenge with profound implications for healthcare systems and patients alike. Chronic diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular conditions, are prevalent and impose a significant burden on individuals, families, and society as a whole. This article explores best practices and evidence-based approaches for managing chronic diseases in family medicine. It delves into the epidemiological landscape of chronic illnesses, emphasizing the need for effective prevention and management strategies. Evidence-based Models, such as The Chronic Care Model (CCM), Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH), and Self-assessment models are discussed in the context of family medicine. The importance of comprehensive, coordinated, and patient-centric approaches is underscored, highlighting the pivotal role of primary care physicians in the ongoing battle against chronic diseases. It is clear, that development in the field of family medicine underscores the importance of patient involvement in diseases management process through shared-decision making model. Although such model require physicans to spend more time educating patients so they can make informed decisions and implement self-management strategies, it has overall better health outcomes and eventually needs to requiring less intervention by physicians

Modeling ionic liquids mixture viscosity using Eyring theory combined with a SAFT-based EOS

This work aims to calculate the viscosities of ionic liquid mixtures using the Eyring theory combined with the SAFT-VR Morse EOS. The free volume theory was used to correlate the pure viscosity of ionic liquids (ILs) and solvents. Three model parameters have been adjusted using experimental viscosity data of ILs between 282 K and 413 K and 1 bar to 350 bar. The average ARD%, Bias%, and rmsd between model estimation and viscosity experimental data for pure ILs have been obtained 4.9 %, 1.015 %, and 0.67, respectively. The average error of the proposed model tends to increase at a pressure higher than 200 bar. The average ARD% for [C2mim][Tf2N] and [C6mim][Tf2N] is about 3.8 % and 3.4 % at pressures lower than 200 bar, while the average ARD% values increase sharply at higher pressures. This is due to the weak performance of the SAFT-VR Morse EOS for the calculation of IL density at high pressures. The SAFT-VR Morse EOS has been coupled with the Eyring theory, and the Redlich-Kister mixing rule to estimate the mixture viscosity of ILs-ILs and ILs-solvent systems. The thermal contribution of excess activation free energy has been calculated using the Redlich-Kister mixing rule with four adjustable parameters. The average ARD%, rmsd, and Bias% for fifteen binary mixtures have been obtained 3.9 %, 2.51, and 0.57 %, respectively. The average error values for mixture viscosity of ILs-polar solvent are higher than non-polar solvents. In the case of binary IL-IL systems, the model results are in good agreement with experimental data. The model performance has been evaluated using the viscosity deviation property. The SAFT-VR Morse EOS predicts the negative viscosity deviation. The strong attractive interaction in the mixture than a pure component is the major contribution to negative viscosity deviation. The results show that the new model can calculate the mixture viscosity and viscosity deviation of binary systems satisfactory. The obtained error values of mixture viscosity show that the Eyring theory can be coupled with a SAFT-based EOS to calculate the viscosity of ILs over a wide range of pressures and temperatures satisfactory

Global prevalence of Colistin resistance in Klebsiella Pneumoniae from bloodstream infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Among gram-negative bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most common causes of healthcare-related infection. Bloodstream infections (BSIs) caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae are notorious for being difficult to treat due to resistance to commonly used antimicrobials. Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from bloodstream infections are becoming increasingly resistant to carbapenems. In the fight against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, colistin [polymyxin E] is the antimicrobial of choice and is thus widely used.Objective: This study aimed to determine the global prevalence of colistin resistance amongst Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from bloodstream infections. Methods: PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were searched for published articles without restricting the search period. Studies meeting the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were included, and quality was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist. We used a statistical random effect model to analyze data with substantial heterogeneity (I2 > 50%) in the meta-analysis. Results: A total of 10 studies out of 2873 search results that met the inclusion criteria were included in the final synthesis for this study. A pooled prevalence of colistin resistance was 3.1%, 95% CI (1.5–4.7%). The highest colistin resistance pooled prevalence was recorded in isolates studied in 2020 and beyond 12.90% (4/31), while Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates studied in 2015 and before and in 2016–2019 showed a pooled colistin resistance rate of 2.89% (48/1661) and 2.95% (28/948), respectively. The highest colistin resistance was found in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Thailand (19.2%), while the least pooled resistance was in Klebsiella pneumoniae from South Korea (0.8%). The pooled prevalence of the multidrug-resistant (MDR) of Klebsiella pneumoniae from bloodstream infection ranged from 80.1%, 95% CI (65.0–95.2%), and the resistance prevalence of other antibiotics by Klebsiella pneumoniae from bloodstream infections were as follows; ciprofloxacin (45.3%), ertapenem (44.4%), meropenem (36.1%), imipenem (35.2%), gentamicin (33.3%), amikacin (25.4%) and tigecycline (5.1%). Klebsiella pneumoniae recovered from the intensive care unit (ICU) showed higher colistin resistance, 11.5% (9/781%), while non-ICU patients showed 3.03% (80/2604) pooled colistin resistance. Conclusion: This study showed low colistin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from global bloodstream infections. However, significant colistin resistance was observed in isolates collected from 2020 and beyond. Significant colistin resistance was also observed in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in bloodstream infections from the intensive care unit (ICU) compared to those from non-ICUs. As a result, there is a need to institute colistin administration stewardship in the ICU in clinical settings

A study of serious adverse drug reactions with antiepileptic drugs: a pharmacovigilance study

Background: Approximately 50 million people worldwide have epilepsy, making it one of the most common neurological diseases globally. There are currently more than 25 drugs in the market for the treatment of epilepsy, many of which have similar efficacy but differ in their tolerability profile. Besides unmatched beneficial potential of antiepileptic drugs, it is associated with many adverse reactions too. This study aims to identify the serious adverse reactions caused by prescribed antiepileptics, reported at the pharmacovigilance centre of government tertiary care centre.Methods: This is a retrospective, pharmacovigilance study of the antiepileptic drugs adverse reactions reported over a period of 1 year at a tertiary care centre.Results: A total of 120 ADRs of antiepileptic drugs were reported and collected at the pharmacovigilance centre. According to the WHO-ART system organ classification of ADRs, 78% of ADRs belonged to skin and appendages disorder. Based on the modified Hartwig and Siegel scale of severity, 60.8% ADRs were mild, 18.5% were moderate and 20.8 % were severe ADRs. The severe ADRs included: Steven-Johnson syndrome, Toxic epidermal necrolysis, Erythroderma, DRESS syndrome and Acute pancreatitis. Phenytoin has been found to be the antiepileptic drug causing the most number of severe ADRs amongst the prescribed antiepileptics. According to the modified Schumock and Thornton criteria most of the severe ADRs were not preventable.Conclusions: This study analyses the ADRs associated with antiepileptics reported at the pharmacovigilance centre. 20.8% ADRS were severe, this indicates that the epileptic patients should be closely monitored for ADRs, to avoid clinically significant harmful consequences. The awareness of ADRs would help physicians to identify patients with greater risk of ADRs and therefore, might benefit from ADRs monitoring and reporting programmes

Differential cytotoxic potential of Acridocarpus orientalis leaf and stem extracts with the ability to induce multiple cell death pathways

This study systematically analyzed the anticancer potential of Acridocarpus orientalis (AO), a traditional medicinal plant of the Arabian Peninsula/East Africa known for its anti-inflammatory and pain relief properties. Tests of serial organic fractions from methanolic extracts of its leaves and stems revealed that only some fractions showed anti-proliferative potential with the dichloromethane fraction from leaves (AOD (L)) showing the most cytotoxic effect against both breast (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and cervical (HeLa) cancer cell lines. The n-butanol fraction from the stems (AOB (S)), on the other hand, was more effective against cervical cancer cells and did not harm the normal cells. Further characterization of the mode of cell killing revealed that AOD (L) depended more on non-apoptotic pathways for its cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells, while it could activate some apoptosis and necroptosis in HeLa cells. The AOB (S) fraction could primarily activate apoptosis and some necroptosis in HeLa cells. Both fractions perturbed autophagy, but in a dissimilar manner. Thus, different parts of A. orientalis revealed variable potential to induce cell death in cancer cells via apoptotic and non-apoptotic pathways, making A. orientalis a valuable plant for the exploration of anticancer bioactive reagents, some of which may be protective for normal cells