Risk factors associated with brain aging in the 7th Tromsø study

Introduction: Aging is a natural biological process characterized by a deterioration of functions on multiple levels: molecular, cellular, organ-specific, and systemic. There is considerable variation between individuals in aging based on biological and functional markers. This variation forms the basis for the idea of "biological age," which measures a more representative age than chronological age. Biological age is clinically and scientifically interesting as it summarizes a complex aging process into a single number that can be a valuable instrument to assess an individual's health risks and conditions. A novel marker for biological age is "Brain age,” which estimates the age of the brain based on MRI images. The difference between a person's brain age and chronological age is referred to as the "brain age gap" (BAG; brain age minus chronological age). A positive BAG indicates that a brain resembles an older average brain, while a negative BAG suggests that the brain resembles a younger average brain. BAG is what is scientifically relevant in this study, regardless of whether an individual's biological age is greater or less than their chronological age. Methods: We analyzed data from the 7th Tromsø survey including 1.864 MRI scans. The data set consisted of people between 40 - 87 years, an average age of 65 years, and about the same number of participants from both sexes. Amongst exclusion criteria were people with infarction, tumors, and other major structural malformations in the brain that may affect the brain age estimate. We investigated how brain age could be associated with different variables. We corrected for education and socioeconomic status associated with brain health. Results: Multiple regression model was applied to see what factors are associated with brain age. Resting heart rate, sex-differences, HDL cholesterol, diabetes, and smoking were significantly associated with BAG. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that males are likely to have higher brain age compared to females. In addition, resting heart rate, HDL-C, smoking and diabetes were significantly associated with BAG. Smoking, whether previous or current was found to accelerate brain age significantly. Also, having diabetes increased brain age by 2.4 years. Our study found none of the interaction terms for sex differences to be significant. Confounding variables such as education or economic status were not significantly associated with BAG. Despite previously contradictory findings, neither hypertension nor self-reported cardiovascular disease was significantly associated with BAG in this study. A low heart rate may be advantageous for healthy brain aging. In addition, self-reported physical activity and self-reported sleep problems were not associated with BAG

The Effect of Socio-Economic Factors on the Health Indicators in Yemen

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of socio-economic factors on health indicators of children living in rural areas, poor families and households with no flush toilets. A sample of Yemeni children was determined by size 12542 children aged under 5 years that was taken from the raw data of Household Budget Survey (HBS) 2005/2006 in Yemen. Height-for-age z score (HAZ), Weight-for-height z score (WHZ), and Weight-for-age z score (WAZ) indicators were used to determine the health of children, by applying logistic multiple regression and chi square regression. The study revealed that stunting (HAZ) was found in 31.5% of the children while 11.6% were underweight (WAZ), and 4.9% were wasted (WHZ). In addition, risk of stunting, wasting, and underweighting were significantly at higher risk among males. Also, children at the highest wealth index or middle had a lower risk of stunting or wasting and underweighting, respectively. Children who belong to households with no water systems and to households with no flush toilet at higher risk from stunting and underweighting, respectively. Keywords: HAZ, WHZ, WAZ, Chi square, Logistic regression analysi

ANALISIS PEMBENTUKAN EKUITAS MEREK BERDASARKAN CITRA MEREK, WORD OF MOUTH DAN MAKNA MEREK (STUDI EMPIRIS PADA J.CO DONUTS & COFFEE)

ABSTRAKANALISIS PEMBENTUKAN EKUITAS MEREK BERDASARKAN CITRA MEREK, WORD OF MOUTH DAN MAKNA MEREK (STUDI EMPIRIS PADA J.CO DONUTS & COFFEE). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah citra merek, word of mouth dan makna merek merupakan variabel pembentuk ekuitas merek. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 200 pelanggan J.CO di Jakarta Tangerang Selatan dan Depok. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) dengan software Lisrel 8.80 digunakan untuk menganalisis data. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa citra merek berpengaruh secara langsung dan signifikan terhadap brand meaning, begitu juga dengan word of mouth berpengaruh secara langsung dan signifikan terhadap brand meaning  serta citra merek dan word of mouth secara bersama-sama berpengaruh signifikan terhadap brand meaning dan brand meaning mempunyai pengaruh langsung terhadap brand equity sedangkan citra merek tidak terbukti mempunyai pengaruh langsung terhadap brand equity, dan word of mouth tidak terbukti mempunyai pengaruh langsung terhadap brand equity. Hasil temuan yang penting lainnya adalah citra merek, word of mouth, dan brand meaning secara bersama-sama berpengaruh signifikan terhadap brand equity Kata Kunci: Brand Equity, Citra Merek, Brand Meaning, Word of Mout

Abuse of Power in Nancy Farmer's The House of the Scorpion (2002)

This study aims to reveal abuse of power depicted in Nancy Farmer’s The House of the Scorpion using Daniel Sankowsky’s definition and characteristics of abuse of power by leader, Bob Jessop’s Marxist Approaches to Power, and Nicos Poulantzas’s destruction of the state. El Patrón as the leader of a country named Opium, abuse his power in Marxist way, which leads to destruction of the state. The analysis focuses on how abuse of power done by El Patrón and destruction of the state as the consequence. Throughout the analysis, El Patrón’s abuse of power is done by him as a leader through economic, political, and ideological class domination. Destruction of the state as the consequence of his abuse of power include the destruction of the Church and the family

Islamic Historiography in North Sumatera: Analysis of Trends in Thesis Writing Themes at the History of Islamic Civilization Study Program 2020-2022

This research examines the trend of thesis writing themes among History of Islamic Civilization students, Faculty of Social Sciences, in 2020-2022. The problems raised are the trending themes and their contributions to the development of Islamic historiography in North Sumatra. Therefore, this research aims to detail the trending thesis writing themes among students of the History of Islamic Civilization study program, Faculty of Social Sciences 2020-2022, and explain their contribution to the development of Islamic historiography in North Sumatra. The results show that the research themes selected are cultural history, archeology, biography, museums, architecture, education, political, intellectual, organization, art, and demographic histories. Furthermore, the most dominant theme is historical heritage and preservation efforts included in the scope of the archeology discipline, followed by traditions and culture in cultural history. The next themes are architecture, museums, literature, and biography, as well as political, intellectual, educational, organization, social, art, branding, and demographic histories. These themes have indirectly added to the references of Islamic historiography, particularly in local history research

HUBUNGAN ANTARA EFIKASI DIRI DAN RESILIENSI PADA MAHASISWA YANG SEDANG MENGERJAKAN SKRIPSI

Pengerjaan skripsi mengandung kompleksitas permasalahan psikologis bagi mahasiswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara efikasi diri dengan resiliensi pada mahasiswa yang sedang mengerjakan skripsi. Penelitian kuantitatif ini melibatkan 218 mahasiswa yang sedang mengerjakan skripsi, terdiri dari 58 laki-laki dan 160 perempuan. Pengukuran efikasi menggunakan skala efikasi diri skripsi yang dibuat oleh Sari (2018) berdasarkan teori Bandura (1997), dan resiliensi diukur melalui skala The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) berdasarkan teori Connor dan Davidson (2003). Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan teknik uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara efikasi diri dengan resiliensi pada mahasiswa yang sedang mengerjakan skripsi. Semakin tinggi efikasi diri yang dimiliki oleh mahasiswa yang sedang mengerjakan skripsi maka semakin tinggi pula resiliensinya, dan sebaliknya. Penting bagi mahasiswa untuk memiliki efikasi diri yang tinggi agar mampu untuk bangkit dan beradaptasi dalam menghadapi kesulitan-kesulitan yang muncul selama mengerjakan skripsi

PEMBUATAN SIRUP GLUKOSA DARI BUAH SAWO(Manilkara zapota) DENGAN METODE EVAPORASI

Gula merupakan salah satu bahan pokok yang sering dikonsumsi masyarakat, baik sebagai bahan tambahan membuat makanan maupun sebagai menambah cita rasa manis pada minuman. Hingga saat ini mayoritas gula yang selalu dikonsumsi yaitu gula pasir, namun kandungan vitamin pada gula pasir sangatlah rendah, sehingga dibutuhkannya inovasi gula yang berbahan baku dari buah dan memiliki kadar vitamin yang tinggi. Sirup glukosa merupakan nama dagang dari gula cair. Sirup glukosa didapatkan dari proses hidrolisis bahan yang mengandung karbohidrat, salah satunya buah sawo (Manilkara zapota), selain memiliki rasa yang manis, buah sawo merupakan buah lokal yang berharga ekonomis sehingga dapat meningkatkan produk lokal Indonesia. Buah ini memiliki kandungan karbohidrat sebesar 19,96 gr per 100 gr buah. Kandungan karbohidrat pada buah sawo dapat dipecah menjadi glukosa menggunakan proses pemanasan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan beberapa tahapan, yaitu pembersihan buah sawo menggunakan air dan kapur sirih (Ca(OH)2) serta dilakukannya pemisahan antara daging buah, kulit, getah, dan biji sawo, kemudian buah sawo dihancurkan dengan cara di blender dan ditambahkan air panas, hasil dari proses penghancuran kemudian disaring, sari yang telah dihasilkan kemudian dipekatkan dengan menggunakan evaporator vakum. Variasi temperatur yang dilakukan yaitu 70°C dan 80°C, sedangkan variasi waktu pengadukan yang digunakan yaitu 65; 75; 85; 95; dan 105 menit. Dari hasil pemekatan tersebut kemudian dilakukan uji analisa kadar abu, kadar air, dan kadar glukosa. Hasil dari penelitian tersebut kemudian dibandingkan dengan standar mutu SNI sirup glukosa. Hasil terbaik dari penelitian terdapat pada sampel B3 dan B4, setelah dianalisa kandungan vitamin C pada sampel, didapatkannya kadar vitamin C yang tinggi dan lebih baik dibandingkan gula pasir yaitu untuk sampel B3 sebesar 48,58%mg dan untuk sampel B4 sebesar 52,10%mg

Uji Diagnostik dengan Menggunakan Kriteria qSOFA dalam Mendiagnosis Awal Pasien Sepsis di Rumah Sakit Umum Bahteramas Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Sepsis merupakan salah satu masalah terbesar yang memerlukan perhatian, karena merupakan penyebab utama kematian dan penyakit kritis di seluruh dunia. Pada praktiknya, penilaian sepsis dengan skor SOFA membutuhkan pemeriksaan laboratorium, dan kriteria tersebut jarang digunakan di luar ruang rawat intensif. Mempertimbangkan hal tersebut, The Sepsis-3 Task Force memperkenalkan alat identifikasi yang lebih sederhana yaitu The Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment atau qSOFA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sensitivitas, spesifisitas, akurasi, nilai duga negatif, nilai duga positif kriteria qSOFA dalam mendiagnosis awal pasien sepsis di Rumah Sakit Umum Bahteramas Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional deskriptif dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional. Lokasi penelitian di ruang rekam Medik Rumah Sakit Umum Bahteramas. Sampel sebanyak 72 responden yang diambil menggunakan tehnik purposive sampling dengan menggunakan analisis data tabel 2x2. Hasil: Hasil penelitian didapatkan uji diagnostik kriteria qSOFA dalam mendiagnosis awal sepsis di RSU Bahteramas Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara memiliki sensitivitas 55%, spesifisitas 88%, akurasi 72%, nilai duga positif 85% dan nilai duga negatif 66%.  Simpulan: Kriteria qSOFA memiliki sensitifitas kurang baik, namun spesifisitas yang baik dalam mendiagnosis awal pasien sepsis di RSU Bahteramas Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara.Kata Kunci: Sepsis, qSOFA, Uji Diagnosti

ANALISIS PENILAIAN DIRI PENGUASAAN KONSEP PESERTA DIDIK PADA PEMBELAJARAN DIFERENSIASI BERBASIS INKUIRI MATERI USAHA DAN ENERGI

Improving the learning process can be done through the selection of the right assessment. Through assessment activities, educators can find out the increase in students' understanding of the learning process. The assessment carried out to determine the progress of the learning process of students is a formative assessment. However, in formative assessment activities, giving feedback in the form of self-assessment is rarely done by educators. The purpose of this study was to analyze the self-assessment of students' conceptual understanding through self-assessment and its relationship to their level of concept mastery. This research is a case study research. The research participants were 36 students of class X who studied with inquiry-based differentiation learning. Self-assessment of students' conceptual understanding is explored using self-assessment sheets assisted by LKPD, students' responses to formative assessments use questionnaires, while students' conceptual understanding uses tests. The results of the study show: (i) the self-assessment profile shows a positive tendency to improve and the learning process, the achievement of self-assessment results is low but high results are obtained in the LKPD; (ii) the pattern of the relationship between self-assessment and the level of mastery of students' concepts is that the level of mastery of concepts on self-assessment is lower than the test results; and (iii) student responses showed a positive response to the use of self-assessment questionnaires. Keywords: Formative Assessment; Self-Assessment; Conceptual Understandin

The Difference Between the Effects of the McKenzie Neck Exercise and Contract-Relax Stretching on Neck Function of Onion Peelers with Myofascial Pain Syndrome

Many jobs have health risks caused by unergonomic posture while working for a long time. One of the disorders that often occurs is myofascial pain syndrome. If ignored, there will be a disruption in neck function. Contract-relax stretching can reduce the pain and spasm in neck muscles, while the McKenzie neck exercise can restore the cervical intervertebral disc to its normal position and reduce neck disability. This research aimed to determine the difference in the effect of contract-relax stretching and the McKenzie neck exercise on the neck‘s function in onion peelers with myofascial pain syndrome. The study was quasi-experimental with two groups: pre-test and post-test design. The population was onion peelers at CV. Anita Jaya Sukses, Sidoarjo. The sample was 18 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. Data weres analyzed using the Independent Sample T-test. Based on the test, contract-relax stretching and McKenzie neck exercise obtained a significant value of 0.011(p< 0.05), so H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. The study concluded that there was a difference in the effect of contract-relax stretching and McKenzie neck exercise on neck function in onion peelers with myofascial pain syndrome. Keywords: Contract-relax stretching, McKenzie neck exercise, myofascial pain syndrom