Bronchoabsorption; a novel bronchoscopic technique to improve biomarker sampling of the airway

BACKGROUND: Current techniques used to obtain lung samples have significant limitations and do not provide reproducible biomarkers of inflammation. We have developed a novel technique that allows multiple sampling methods from the same area (or multiple areas) of the lung under direct bronchoscopic vision. It allows collection of mucosal lining fluid and bronchial brushing from the same site; biopsy samples may also be taken. The novel technique takes the same time as standard procedures and can be conducted safely. METHODS: Eight healthy smokers aged 40–65 years were included in this study. An absorptive filter paper was applied to the bronchial mucosa under direct vision using standard bronchoscopic techniques. Further samples were obtained from the same site using bronchial brushings. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was obtained using standard techniques. Chemokine (C-C Motif) Ligand 20 (CCL20), CCL4, CCL5, Chemokine (C-X-C Motif) Ligand 1 (CXCL1), CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) and MMP-9 were measured in exudate and BAL. mRNA was collected from the bronchial brushings for gene expression analysis. RESULTS: A greater than 10 fold concentration of all the biomarkers was detected in lung exudate in comparison to BAL. High yield of good quality RNA with RNA integrity numbers (RIN) between 7.6 and 9.3 were extracted from the bronchial brushings. The subset of genes measured were reproducible across the samples and corresponded to the inflammatory markers measured in exudate and BAL. CONCLUSIONS: The bronchoabsorption technique as described offers the ability to sample lung fluid direct from the site of interest without the dilution effects caused by BAL. Using this method we were able to successfully measure the concentrations of biomarkers present in the lungs as well as collect high yield mRNA samples for gene expression analysis from the same site. This technique demonstrates superior sensitivity to standard BAL for the measurement of biomarkers of inflammation. It could replace BAL as the method of choice for these measurements. This method provides a systems biology approach to studying the inflammatory markers of respiratory disease progression. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NHS Health Research Authority (13/LO/0256)

Pengaruh Variasi Latihan Passing Terhadap Ketepatan Passing Bawah Peserta Ekstrakurikuler Bola Voli Putri SMP Negeri 14 Muaro Jambi

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan Variasi passing bawah  terhadap peningkatan ketepatan passing peserta ekstrakurikuler bola voli SMP Negeri 14 Muaro Jambi. Penelitian ini dilakukan 3 kali seminggu dengan frekuensi latihan 18 kali pertemuan. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah eksperimen yang menggunakan uji hipotesis yaitu uji t. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di lapangan SMP Negeri 14 Muaro Jambi dengan jumlah sampel 12 orang. Hasil analisis data pada table uji-t di atas untuk data tes awal dengan tes akhir di peroleh pengujian hipotesis sebesar = 1,796 untuk α = 0,05 dan derajat kebebasan (n-1) adalah (12-1=11) diperoleh (1,796), dengan demikian thitung ttabel adalah 2,24 1,796. Sehingga diterima dan ditolak. Maka di nyatakan bahwa variasi lompat gawang memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap ketepatan passing bawh pada peserta ekstrakurikuler bola voli SMP Negeri 14 Muaro Jambi

PENYULUHAN TEKNIK HYPNOBREASTFEEDING PADA IBU NIFAS

sehingga ibu percaya diri bahwa dirinya mampu memproduksi ASI sedangkan pijat oksitosin merupakan salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi ketidaklancaran produksi ASI. Pemijatan ini dilakukan pada sepanjang tulang Hypnobreastfeeding merupakan salah satu persiapan ibu dari segi pikiran (mind) meliputi ketenangan pikiran, belakang (vertebrae) sampai tulang costae kelima-keenam yang tujuannya untuk merangsang hormon prolaktin dan oksitosin setelah melahirkan. Pijatan ini juga berfungsi untuk meningkatkan hormon oksitosin yang dapat menenangkan ibu, sehingga ASI otomatis keluar. Tujuan pengabdiam masyarakat untuk memberikan pendidikan kesehatan tentang teknik Hypnobreastfeeding. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan dengan cara penyuluhan. Manfaat langsung yang dirasakan ibu menyusui dalamHypnobreastfeeding ini adalah perubahan yang dirasakan dalam segala hal yang dapat mempermudah dan memperlancar proses menyusui

Pengamanan Pesan Rahasia dengan Algoritma Vigenere Cipher Menggunakan PHP

A message security system to maintain the confidentiality of data information is very important. To achieve this, a security system is required to maintain the confidentiality of information. Encrypting information sent for cryptographic purposes confidentiality, integrity, authentication and irrefutable proof is one of the methods used for this purpose. Algorithm is a collection of problem-solving commands. Algorithm also has a process of repetition (iteration) and decisions that cannot be made. Vigenere cipher is one of the traditional cryptographic algorithms with multiple alphabetical substitution. PHP stands for PHP Hypertext Preprocessor. PHP is a scripting language that is commonly used to create dynamic web applications by deploying them on servers. The purpose of this research is to secure secret messages using the Vigenere Cipher algorithm using PHP

ALAT PENDETEKSI KEBOCORAN GAS LPG BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER ARDUINO UNO

Pada saat ini masyarakat banyak menggunakan gas LPG akan tetapi masyarakat banyakmengalami hambatan mulai dari tabung gas bocor sehingga menyebabkan kebakaran dankecelakaan yang disebabkan oleh kebocoran gas LPG dan meledaknya tabung gas LPG.Banyak masyarakat tidak mengetahui kebocoran gas dengan cepat, maka diperlukan sebuahsistem monitoring dan peringatan yang mudah digunakan. Dengan menggunakan komponenyang mudah ditemukan dan dirangkai seperti Arduino Uno, Modul GSM SIM800L dan sebuahPC biasa, sistem ini dapat menjadi alternatif bagi pengguna gas LPG yang membutuhkansistem monitoring ruang penyimpanan gas LPG. Cara kerja sistem ini dengan adanyakebocoran gas LPG sensor akan mendeteksi dan kemudian mengatur sistem untukmengaktifkan kipas pembuangan, buzzer dan mengirimkan SMS. Sistem ini terdiri darikomponen fisik yang diletakkan pada ruang penyimpanan gas LPG, dan komponen softwareopsional yang dapat dipasang pada PC terhubung dengan board Arduino Uno. Dengan adanyateknologi mikrokontroler yang kecil dan fleksibel seperti Arduino, periset mengembangkanprototipe sistem pendeteksi kebocoran gas LPG menggunakan sensor gas MQ2 yangmendukung mekanisme peringatan berbasis suara dan SMS sehingga dapat memberikaninformasi secara real tim

The Correlation between Community Engagement and Capability Building Through Outbound Activities of Karang Taruna Members at Bencireng Kebontunggul, Mojokerto, Indonesia

Capability building for a group of society is necessary to build the rural community in order to grow the economic potent. One of the communal organization is Karang Taruna (Youth organization), which is expected to empower its youth members so that each member improves competencies for community and self. Capacity building can be accomplished through training programs, and one program often used for capacity building is outbound training. A specific outbound training can be designed for youth so they can comprehend their role in society through outbound implementation. This research is going to measure the correlation between the community engagement and capability building of the Karang Taruna members through implementing outbound activities. The data are collected through questionnaires distributed to all Karang Taruna members who join the outbound activities, and the questionnaires are constructed with the Likert scale from strongly disagree to agree strongly. The number of outbound participants is 16, and each participant is given treatment by outbound instructors about capability building so that each can implement the ability during the outbound. The data analysis is using cross tabulation, and the results show that the outbound training material can improve the skills of the participant during the outbound sessions, can increase the community engagement and motivate the Karang Taruna members, and can enable self-development through continuous learning processes about the outbound. The instructors’ ability to explain the training material can accelerate new experiences for outbound participants, can bring new insights to face problems, and can continuously improve the self- development of each participant

POTENSI ANTIOKSIDAN DAN ANTI-ELASTASE EKSTRAK DAUN KELOR (MORINGA OLEIFERA) TERHADAP ANTIAGING

Skin aging caused by oxidative stress that leads to the formation of wrinkles, pigmentation, and asteatosis. On the other hand, the elastase enzyme also can influence the elasticity of the skin that leads to sagging. Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera Lamk) has been reported contain some active compounds like flavonoid that has antioxidant and anti-aging potential. This study was presented to determine the potential of moringa leaves extract (MLE) in scavenging DPPH radicals and inhibiting the elastase enzyme. MLE was obtained by using maceration methods. The potential of MLE in scavenging DPPH radicals and inhibiting elastase enzyme was determined using spectrophotometric methods. MLE has IC50 value of DPPH scavenging activity also elastase inhibitory activity at 109.67 + 0.83 µg/mL and 159.67 + 7.95 µg/mL. MLE has antioxidant and anti-aging potential as indicated by DPPH scavenging activity and elastase inhibitory. However, MLE has moderate DPPH scavenging activity and low elastase inhibitory activity

Generalized Uncertainty Principle, Modified Dispersion Relation and Barrier penetration by a Dirac particle

We have studied the energy band structure of a Dirac particle in presence of a generalised uncertainty principle (GUP). We start from defining a modified momentum operator and derive corresponding modified dispersion relation (MDR) and GUP. Apart from the forbidden band within the range $\pm m$, $m$ being the mass of the particle, we find the existence of additional forbidden bands at the both ends of the spectrum. Such band structure forbids a Dirac particle to penetrate a potential step of sufficient height ($\sim E_P$, $E_P$ being Planck energy). This is also true for massless particle. Unlike the relativistic case, a massless particle also can reflect from a barrier of sufficient height. Finally we discuss about the Klein's paradox in presence of the GUP.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, LaTe

Peran Orang Tua Dalam Menangani Ekolia Pada Anak Autisme

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui peran orangtua di dalam menangani anak Ekolia pada anak Autisme. Partisipan penelitian ini terdiri dari satu orangtua dan satu anak Autisme. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis deskriptif bersifat eksploratif. Temuan hasil penelitian ini adalah: Peran orangtuasangat penting, karena mereka adalah orang yang paling mengetahui kondisi anak. Karena dengan pemahaman yang baik tentang hal ini, orangtua akan selektif mencari jalan keluar untuk keterlibatan sangat di harapkan untuk memberikan semangat anak. Pola asuh yang diterapkan orangtua anak autis memiliki kekhususan tersendiri karena kondisi anak autis akan berbeda dengan anak normal. Orangtua anak autis harus memiliki pengetahuan khusus tentang cara mengasuh dan mendidik karena anak autis memiliki permasalahan dalam pendengaran dan komunikasi serta juga kurangnya kontak mata dan respon wajah minimal. Untuk melatih kemandirian anak autis dalam aktivitas keseharian seperti, mandi, berpakaian, buang air kecil, buang air besar dan aktivitas lainnya dibutuhkan kesabaran orangtua dalam mendisiplinkan anak agar patuh dan taat dengan apa yang telah dilatih

Dental Management of a Patient with Multiple Idiopathic Cervical Root Resorption

Multiple Idiopathic Cervical Root Resorption (MICRR) is a rare condition. It initiates at the cemento-enamel junction of multiple teeth. The lesions continue to grow until they unite, thereby undermining the entire coronal structure of affected teeth. Its distribution can vary from a single region to the entire dentition and the number of teeth affected by resorption tends to increase as the condition is followed over time. The teeth themselves appear clinically normal. The aetiology of MICRR is unknown and it is considered to be a diagnosis of exclusion. The condition tends to be progressive. Consequently, root treatments/surgical curettage and restoration of the lesions have been unsuccessful at arresting the condition. Affected teeth are often extracted in anticipation of catastrophic fracture and have been replaced with partial or complete dentures. In this case report, we describe how a young female patient was dentally managed over 10 years and ultimately rehabilitated with dental implants